在 ST 官網上查看 MCU 的介紹時，經常會看到下面的數據，例如 STM32F103的介紹:

上面的 1.25 DMIPS/MHz 代表什么意思，又是如何得到的呢？這就是 CPU 性能測試 (benchmark) 小工具 Dhrystone 測試得到的。

Dhrystone

Dhrystone 是 1984 年由 Reinhold P. Weicker 提出的通用處理器 (CPU) 性能測試標準，最早用 ADA 實現，隨后 Rick Richardson 把它翻譯為 C 語言，并很快成為了業界標準。不過 Dhdrystone 只測試整型運算，并不包含浮點運算，因此無法用它來判斷 FPU 的性能。

最新的源碼可以在這里：https://www.netlib.org/benchmark/dhry-c 找到，雖說是最新，其實也有幾十年歷史了，這個鏈接里不僅包含了介紹，也可以直接生成源碼：

1$?curl?https://www.netlib.org/benchmark/dhry-c?>?dhry-c.sh
2$?chmod?u+x?dhry-c.sh
3$?./dhry-c.sh

這樣就可以看到目錄下生成了源碼和介紹了：

1.
2├──?RATIONALE
3├──?README_C
4├──?VARIATIONS
5├──?dhry-c.sh
6├──?dhry.h
7├──?dhry_1.c
8├──?dhry_2.c
9├──?dhry_c.dif
10└──?submit.frm
當然，如果是在 RT-Thread 平臺的話，直接在 env 下面 menuconfig 就可以找到 Dhrystone 軟件包了：1RT-Thread?online?packages
2??tools?packages??--->
3??????[*]?DHRYSTONE:?a?benchmark?that?measures?the?performance?of?MCUs?and?CPUs.

選中軟件包并編譯，就可以在 msh 下輸入：

1msh>?dhrystone_test
就可以看到跑分結果了，例如：

STM32F103 (ARMCC -O3 -Otime) 跑分: 79 DMIPS & 1.09 DMIPS/MHz

1?\?|?/
2-?RT?-?????Thread?Operating?System
3?/?|?\?????4.0.2?build?Oct?15?2019
4?2006?-?2019?Copyright?by?rt-thread?team
5msh?>
6msh?>dhrystone_test
7
8Dhrystone?Benchmark,?Version?2.1?(Language:?C)
9
10Program?compiled?without?'register'?attribute
11
12Execution?starts,?320000?runs?through?Dhrystone
13Execution?ends
14
15Final?values?of?the?variables?used?in?the?benchmark:
16
17Int_Glob:????????????5
18????????should?be:???5
19Bool_Glob:???????????1
20????????should?be:???1
21Ch_1_Glob:???????????A
22????????should?be:???A
23Ch_2_Glob:???????????B
24????????should?be:???B
25Arr_1_Glob[8]:???????7
26????????should?be:???7
27Arr_2_Glob[8][7]:????320010
28????????should?be:???Number_Of_Runs?+?10
29Ptr_Glob->
30??Ptr_Comp:??????????536892000
31????????should?be:???(implementation-dependent)
32??Discr:?????????????0
33????????should?be:???0
34??Enum_Comp:?????????2
35????????should?be:???2
36??Int_Comp:??????????17
37????????should?be:???17
38??Str_Comp:??????????DHRYSTONE?PROGRAM,?SOME?STRING
39????????should?be:???DHRYSTONE?PROGRAM,?SOME?STRING
40Next_Ptr_Glob->
41??Ptr_Comp:??????????536892000
42????????should?be:???(implementation-dependent),?same?as?above
43??Discr:?????????????0
44????????should?be:???0
45??Enum_Comp:?????????1
46????????should?be:???1
47??Int_Comp:??????????18
48????????should?be:???18
49??Str_Comp:??????????DHRYSTONE?PROGRAM,?SOME?STRING
50????????should?be:???DHRYSTONE?PROGRAM,?SOME?STRING
51Int_1_Loc:???????????5
52????????should?be:???5
53Int_2_Loc:???????????13
54????????should?be:???13
55Int_3_Loc:???????????7
56????????should?be:???7
57Enum_Loc:????????????1
58????????should?be:???1
59Str_1_Loc:???????????DHRYSTONE?PROGRAM,?1'ST?STRING
60????????should?be:???DHRYSTONE?PROGRAM,?1'ST?STRING
61Str_2_Loc:???????????DHRYSTONE?PROGRAM,?2'ND?STRING
62????????should?be:???DHRYSTONE?PROGRAM,?2'ND?STRING
63
64Microseconds?for?one?run?through?Dhrystone:?7
65Dhrystones?per?Second:??????????????????????139130
66VAX??MIPS?rating:???????????????????????????79

GD32VF103CB (GCC -Os) 跑分: 50 DMIPS & 0.46 DMIPS/MHz

1?\?|?/
2-?RT?-?????Thread?Operating?System
3?/?|?\?????4.0.2?build?Oct?14?2019
4?2006?-?2019?Copyright?by?rt-thread?team
5msh?>
6msh?>dhrystone_test
7
8Dhrystone?Benchmark,?Version?2.1?(Language:?C)
9
10Program?compiled?without?'register'?attribute
11
12Execution?starts,?320000?runs?through?Dhrystone
13Execution?ends
14
15Final?values?of?the?variables?used?in?the?benchmark:
16
17Int_Glob:????????????5
18????????should?be:???5
19Bool_Glob:???????????1
20????????should?be:???1
21Ch_1_Glob:???????????A
22????????should?be:???A
23Ch_2_Glob:???????????B
24????????should?be:???B
25Arr_1_Glob[8]:???????7
26????????should?be:???7
27Arr_2_Glob[8][7]:????320010
28????????should?be:???Number_Of_Runs?+?10
29Ptr_Glob->
30??Ptr_Comp:??????????536884636
31????????should?be:???(implementation-dependent)
32??Discr:?????????????0
33????????should?be:???0
34??Enum_Comp:?????????2
35????????should?be:???2
36??Int_Comp:??????????17
37????????should?be:???17
38??Str_Comp:??????????DHRYSTONE?PROGRAM,?SOME?STRING
39????????should?be:???DHRYSTONE?PROGRAM,?SOME?STRING
40Next_Ptr_Glob->
41??Ptr_Comp:??????????536884636
42????????should?be:???(implementation-dependent),?same?as?above
43??Discr:?????????????0
44????????should?be:???0
45??Enum_Comp:?????????1
46????????should?be:???1
47??Int_Comp:??????????18
48????????should?be:???18
49??Str_Comp:??????????DHRYSTONE?PROGRAM,?SOME?STRING
50????????should?be:???DHRYSTONE?PROGRAM,?SOME?STRING
51Int_1_Loc:???????????5
52????????should?be:???5
53Int_2_Loc:???????????13
54????????should?be:???13
55Int_3_Loc:???????????7
56????????should?be:???7
57Enum_Loc:????????????1
58????????should?be:???1
59Str_1_Loc:???????????DHRYSTONE?PROGRAM,?1'ST?STRING
60????????should?be:???DHRYSTONE?PROGRAM,?1'ST?STRING
61Str_2_Loc:???????????DHRYSTONE?PROGRAM,?2'ND?STRING
62????????should?be:???DHRYSTONE?PROGRAM,?2'ND?STRING
63
64Microseconds?for?one?run?through?Dhrystone:?11
65Dhrystones?per?Second:??????????????????????89385
66VAX??MIPS?rating:???????????????????????????50
順便一提，如果沒有看到測試結果，可能是你的 MCU 太強勁了，一下就跑完了所有的測試，以至于沒有得到有效的結果；或者 msh 控制臺卡死很久沒有得到結果，多半是你的 MCU 太慢了。這種情況下都可以修改 menuconfig 里的迭代次數，來匹配你的 MCU。更多測試結果可以在下面的參考資料里找到。

參考資料

Dhrystone 軟件包:

https://github.com/wuhanstudio/dhrystone

Dhrystone 測試結果匯總:

http://performance.netlib.org/performance/html/dhrystone.data.col0.html

Dhrystone 歷史源碼:

https://github.com/Keith-S-Thompson/dhrystone

Coremark

雖然在 ST 的官網上都會放有 Dhrystone 的測試結果，但是不得不說作為一個歷史悠久的性能測試工具，它還是有很多弊端的，為此 eembc 推出了新的性能測試工具 Coremark，相比 Dhrystone 有不少改進：

Coremark 的主頁可以在這里:https://www.eembc.org/coremark/找到，上面 Coremark 相比 Dhrystone 優點的截圖也是從官網截取的，當然也可以從官網上找到最新的源碼和測試結果。當然，如果是在 RT-Thread 平臺的話，直接在 env 下面 menuconfig 就可以找到 Coremark 軟件包了：1RT-Thread?online?packages
2??tools?packages??--->
3??????[*]?COREMARK?:?a?benchmark?that?measures?the?performance?of?MCUs?and?CPUs.

選中軟件包并編譯，就可以在 msh 下輸入：

1msh>?core_mark
就可以看到跑分結果了，例如：STM32F103RC (72MHZ) ARMCC -O3 -Otime 跑分 135: 1?\?|?/
2-?RT?-?????Thread?Operating?System
3?/?|?\?????4.0.2?build?Oct?13?2019
4?2006?-?2019?Copyright?by?rt-thread?team
5msh?>
6msh?>core_mark
7Benchmark?started,?please?make?sure?it?runs?for?at?least?10s.
8
92K?performance?run?parameters?for?coremark.
10CoreMark?Size????:?666
11Total?ticks??????:?17776
12Total?time?(secs):?17.77600013Iterations/Sec???:?135.01350114Iterations???????:?240015Compiler?version?:?Please?put?compiler?version?here?(e.g.?gcc?4.1)16Compiler?flags???:17Memory?location??:?STACK18seedcrc??????????:?0xe9f519[0]crclist???????:?0xe71420[0]crcmatrix?????:?0x1fd721[0]crcstate??????:?0x8e3a22[0]crcfinal??????:?0x382f23Correct?operation?validated.?See?README.md?for?run?and?reporting?rules.24CoreMark?1.0?:?135.013501?/?Please?put?compiler?version?here?(e.g.?gcc?4.1)??/?STACK25

GD32VF103 (108MHz) GCC -Os 跑分 327:

1?\?|?/
2-?RT?-?????Thread?Operating?System
3?/?|?\?????4.0.2?build?Oct?13?2019
4?2006?-?2019?Copyright?by?rt-thread?team
5msh?>
6msh?>core_mark
7Benchmark?started,?please?make?sure?it?runs?for?at?least?10s.
8
92K?performance?run?parameters?for?coremark.
10CoreMark?Size????:?666
11Total?ticks??????:?1178
12Total?time?(secs):?1113Iterations/Sec???:?32714Iterations???????:?360015Compiler?version?:?GCC8.2.016Compiler?flags???:17Memory?location??:?STACK18seedcrc??????????:?0xe9f519[0]crclist???????:?0xe71420[0]crcmatrix?????:?0x1fd721[0]crcstate??????:?0x8e3a22[0]crcfinal??????:?0x4bfc23Correct?operation?validated.?See?README.md?for?run?and?reporting?rules.24CoreMark?1.0?:?327?/?GCC8.2.0??/?STACK25

最終得分當然是越高越好了，為了得到有效的測試結果，需要確保測試運行 10s 以上，可以修改 menuconfig 里的迭代次數，來匹配你的 MCU。更多測試結果可以在官網里找到。

參考資料

Coremark 軟件包：

https://github.com/wuhanstudio/coremark

Coremark 測試結果匯總：

https://www.eembc.org/coremark/scores.php

Coremark 官網：

https://www.eembc.org/coremark/

注意事項

不得不說，無論是 Dhrystone 還是 Coremark，編譯器的優化選項對測試結果影響都是比較大的，如果你的測試結果與官網的結果略有不同，可以看看是不是自己沒有打開編譯器的優化選項。

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