订单管理的订单号生成方式
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订单管理的订单号生成方式
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推特雪花算法SnowFlake
1. 組成部分
SnowFlake算法用來生成64位的ID,剛好可以用long整型存儲,能夠用于分布式系統中生產唯一的ID, 并且生成的ID有大致的順序。 在這次實現中,生成的64位ID可以分成5個部分:
0 - 41位時間戳 - 5位數據中心標識 - 5位機器標識 - 12位序列號2. 各種常見唯一字符串優缺點
UUID(缺點:太長、沒法排序、使數據庫性能降低) Redis(缺點:必須依賴Redis)(相當于使用中間件來獲得ID) Snowflake雪花算法,優點:生成有順序的id,提高數據庫的性能 效率較高,經測試,snowflake每秒能夠產生26萬ID左右,完全滿足需要。3. 工具類代碼Idworker.java
import java.lang.management.ManagementFactory; import java.net.InetAddress; import java.net.NetworkInterface;/*** <p>名稱:IdWorker.java</p>* <p>描述:分布式自增長ID</p>* <pre>* Twitter的 Snowflake JAVA實現方案* </pre>* 核心代碼為其IdWorker這個類實現,其原理結構如下,我分別用一個0表示一位,用—分割開部分的作用:* 1||0---0000000000 0000000000 0000000000 0000000000 0 --- 00000 ---00000 ---000000000000* 在上面的字符串中,第一位為未使用(實際上也可作為long的符號位),接下來的41位為毫秒級時間,* 然后5位datacenter標識位,5位機器ID(并不算標識符,實際是為線程標識),* 然后12位該毫秒內的當前毫秒內的計數,加起來剛好64位,為一個Long型。* 這樣的好處是,整體上按照時間自增排序,并且整個分布式系統內不會產生ID碰撞(由datacenter和機器ID作區分),* 并且效率較高,經測試,snowflake每秒能夠產生26萬ID左右,完全滿足需要。* <p>* 64位ID (42(毫秒)+5(機器ID)+5(業務編碼)+12(重復累加))** @author Polim*/ public class IdWorker {// 時間起始標記點,作為基準,一般取系統的最近時間(一旦確定不能變動)private final static long twepoch = 1288834974657L;// 機器標識位數private final static long workerIdBits = 5L;// 數據中心標識位數private final static long datacenterIdBits = 5L;// 機器ID最大值private final static long maxWorkerId = -1L ^ (-1L << workerIdBits);// 數據中心ID最大值private final static long maxDatacenterId = -1L ^ (-1L << datacenterIdBits);// 毫秒內自增位private final static long sequenceBits = 12L;// 機器ID偏左移12位private final static long workerIdShift = sequenceBits;// 數據中心ID左移17位private final static long datacenterIdShift = sequenceBits + workerIdBits;// 時間毫秒左移22位private final static long timestampLeftShift = sequenceBits + workerIdBits + datacenterIdBits;private final static long sequenceMask = -1L ^ (-1L << sequenceBits);/* 上次生產id時間戳 */private static long lastTimestamp = -1L;// 0,并發控制private long sequence = 0L;private final long workerId;// 數據標識id部分private final long datacenterId;public IdWorker(){this.datacenterId = getDatacenterId(maxDatacenterId);this.workerId = getMaxWorkerId(datacenterId, maxWorkerId);}/*** @param workerId* 工作機器ID* @param datacenterId* 序列號*/public IdWorker(long workerId, long datacenterId) {if (workerId > maxWorkerId || workerId < 0) {throw new IllegalArgumentException(String.format("worker Id can't be greater than %d or less than 0", maxWorkerId));}if (datacenterId > maxDatacenterId || datacenterId < 0) {throw new IllegalArgumentException(String.format("datacenter Id can't be greater than %d or less than 0", maxDatacenterId));}this.workerId = workerId;this.datacenterId = datacenterId;}/*** 獲取下一個ID** @return*/public synchronized long nextId() {long timestamp = timeGen();if (timestamp < lastTimestamp) {throw new RuntimeException(String.format("Clock moved backwards. Refusing to generate id for %d milliseconds", lastTimestamp - timestamp));}if (lastTimestamp == timestamp) {// 當前毫秒內,則+1sequence = (sequence + 1) & sequenceMask;if (sequence == 0) {// 當前毫秒內計數滿了,則等待下一秒timestamp = tilNextMillis(lastTimestamp);}} else {sequence = 0L;}lastTimestamp = timestamp;// ID偏移組合生成最終的ID,并返回IDlong nextId = ((timestamp - twepoch) << timestampLeftShift)| (datacenterId << datacenterIdShift)| (workerId << workerIdShift) | sequence;return nextId;}private long tilNextMillis(final long lastTimestamp) {long timestamp = this.timeGen();while (timestamp <= lastTimestamp) {timestamp = this.timeGen();}return timestamp;}private long timeGen() {return System.currentTimeMillis();}/*** <p>* 獲取 maxWorkerId* </p>*/protected static long getMaxWorkerId(long datacenterId, long maxWorkerId) {StringBuffer mpid = new StringBuffer();mpid.append(datacenterId);String name = ManagementFactory.getRuntimeMXBean().getName();if (!name.isEmpty()) {/** GET jvmPid*/mpid.append(name.split("@")[0]);}/** MAC + PID 的 hashcode 獲取16個低位*/return (mpid.toString().hashCode() & 0xffff) % (maxWorkerId + 1);}/*** <p>* 數據標識id部分* </p>*/protected static long getDatacenterId(long maxDatacenterId) {long id = 0L;try {InetAddress ip = InetAddress.getLocalHost();NetworkInterface network = NetworkInterface.getByInetAddress(ip);if (network == null) {id = 1L;} else {byte[] mac = network.getHardwareAddress();id = ((0x000000FF & (long) mac[mac.length - 1])| (0x0000FF00 & (((long) mac[mac.length - 2]) << 8))) >> 6;id = id % (maxDatacenterId + 1);}} catch (Exception e) {System.out.println(" getDatacenterId: " + e.getMessage());}return id;}public static void main(String[] args) {IdWorker idWorker=new IdWorker(0,0);System.out.println((idWorker.nextId()+"").length()); // for(int i=0;i<3000;i++){ // long nextId = idWorker.nextId(); // System.out.println(nextId); // }}}總結
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