從2014年開始，作者主要寫了三個Python系列文章，分別是基礎知識、網絡爬蟲和數據分析。

• Python基礎知識系列：Pythonj基礎知識學習與提升
• Python網絡爬蟲系列：Python爬蟲之Selenium+Phantomjs+CasperJS
• Python數據分析系列：知識圖譜、web數據挖掘及NLP

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隨著人工智能和深度學習的風暴來臨，Python變得越來越火熱，作者也準備從零學習這些知識，寫相關文章。本篇文章講解阿里云服務器CentOS系統連接遠程MySQL數據庫及配置過程，同時教大家如何編寫Python操作MySQL數據庫的基礎代碼，為后面的網絡爬蟲并存儲至服務器打下基礎。

文章非?；A，希望這系列文章對您有所幫助，如果有錯誤或不足之處，還請海涵~

系列文章：
[CentOS Python系列] 一.阿里云服務器安裝部署及第一個Python爬蟲代碼實現
[CentOS Python系列] 二.pscp上傳下載服務器文件及phantomjs安裝詳解
[CentOS Python系列] 三.阿里云MySQL數據庫開啟配置及SQL語句基礎知識

參考文獻：

一. 創建新用戶

1.登錄root用戶，插入新用戶
核心代碼：
insert into mysql.user(Host,User,Password) value ("localhost","eastmount",password("123456"));

命令如下所示：
mysql> use mysql Reading table information for completion of table and column names You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -ADatabase changed mysql> insert into mysql.user(Host,User,Password) value ("localhost","eastmount",password("123456")); Query OK, 1 row affected, 3 warnings (0.00 sec)mysql> flush privileges; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)mysql> select host,user,password from user; +-------------------------+-----------+-------------------------------------------+ | host | user | password | +-------------------------+-----------+-------------------------------------------+ | localhost | root | *6BB4837EB74329105EE4568DDA7DC67ED2CA2AD9 | | izm5e2qvb8hl5w1gjowpsxz | root | *6BB4837EB74329105EE4568DDA7DC67ED2CA2AD9 | | 127.0.0.1 | root | *6BB4837EB74329105EE4568DDA7DC67ED2CA2AD9 | | localhost | | | | izm5e2qvb8hl5w1gjowpsxz | | | | localhost | yxz | *6BB4837EB74329105EE4568DDA7DC67ED2CA2AD9 | | localhost | mysql | *95FE99470B7B7CAF1E150B16ACCA48CDE7925813 | | 39.107.105.166 | yxz | *6BB4837EB74329105EE4568DDA7DC67ED2CA2AD9 | | 39.107.105.166 | root | *6BB4837EB74329105EE4568DDA7DC67ED2CA2AD9 | | % | root | *6BB4837EB74329105EE4568DDA7DC67ED2CA2AD9 | | localhost | eastmount | *6BB4837EB74329105EE4568DDA7DC67ED2CA2AD9 | +-------------------------+-----------+-------------------------------------------+ 11 rows in set (0.00 sec)

通過 select host, user, password from user 查看主機、用戶和密碼，可以看到 (localhost, eastmount, 123456) 已經插入成功。
此時，用戶eastmount是可以登錄了，通過語句 "mysql -u eastmount -p 123456"。


但是使用該用戶創建數據庫，報錯如下所示，這是需要先進行授權。
mysql> create database douban;
ERROR 1044 (42000): Access denied for user 'eastmount'@'localhost' to database 'douban'

2.root用戶登錄再授權
核心代碼：grant all privileges on *.* to eastmount@localhost identified by "eastmount";?

mysql -u root -p 123456use mysql;grant all privileges on *.* to eastmount@localhost identified by "eastmount"; flush privileges; quit;
但是此時登錄會報錯，如下所示：
[root@iZ2ze9134z8zlqupc9t6mzZ ~]# mysql -u eastmount -p
Enter password:
ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user 'eastmount'@'localhost' (using password: YES)

此時需要關閉服務器修改eastmount登錄密碼，重啟服務即可。

3.關閉服務器更新登錄密碼再刷新權限

核心代碼：update user set password=PASSWORD("123456") where user="eastmount";

[root@iZ2ze9134z8zlqupc9t6mzZ ~]# service mysqld stop Stopping mysqld: [ OK ] [root@iZ2ze9134z8zlqupc9t6mzZ ~]# mysqld_safe --skip-grant-tables & [1] 30466 [root@iZ2ze9134z8zlqupc9t6mzZ ~]# 180220 23:53:36 mysqld_safe Logging to '/var/log/mysqld.log'. 180220 23:53:36 mysqld_safe Starting mysqld daemon with databases from /var/lib/mysql mysql -u eastmount -p Enter password: Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 1 Server version: 5.1.73 Source distributionCopyright (c) 2000, 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners.Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.mysql> show databases; +--------------------+ | Database | +--------------------+ | information_schema | | Eastmount | | junyun | | mysql | | test | +--------------------+ 5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

接下來更新eastmount用戶的密碼。

mysql> use mysql; Reading table information for completion of table and column names You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -ADatabase changed mysql> update user set password=PASSWORD("123456") where user="eastmount"; Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec) Rows matched: 1 Changed: 1 Warnings: 0mysql> flush privileges; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)mysql> quit;

4.重啟MySQL服務
核心代碼：service mysqld restart

[root@iZ2ze9134z8zlqupc9t6mzZ ~]# service mysqld restart 180220 23:57:47 mysqld_safe mysqld from pid file /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid ended Stopping mysqld: [ OK ] Starting mysqld: [ OK ] [1]+ Done mysqld_safe --skip-grant-tables [root@iZ2ze9134z8zlqupc9t6mzZ ~]#

5.登錄成功數據庫操作

mysql> create database 20180220df; Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)mysql> show databases; +--------------------+ | Database | +--------------------+ | information_schema | | 20180220df | | Eastmount | | doubanl | | junyun | | mysql | | test | +--------------------+ 7 rows in set (0.00 sec)mysql> use 20180220df; Database changed mysql> create table student(-> id int not null primary key,-> name varchar(16) not null,-> pwd varchar(20) not null-> ); Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)mysql> show tables; +----------------------+ | Tables_in_20180220df | +----------------------+ | student | +----------------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)mysql> insert into student(id,name,pwd) values(1,'yangxiuzhang','111111'); Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)mysql> select * from student; +----+--------------+--------+ | id | name | pwd | +----+--------------+--------+ | 1 | yangxiuzhang | 111111 | +----+--------------+--------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)

操作界面如下圖所示：

二. 遠程服務器授權及端口開啟

但此時連接遠程數據庫，仍然報錯“2003-can't connect to MySQL server on (10060)”。

這是需要開啟遠程服務器并進行公網IP授權，同時開發3306端口號，流程如下：

（一） CentOS開通MySQL3306端口

1.vi /etc/sysconfig/iptables

2.加入如下代碼，核心:?-I INPUT?-p tcp?-m state?--state NEW?-m tcp?--dport?3306?-j ACCEPT

#Firewall configuration written by system-config-firewall #Manual customization of this file is not recommanded. *filter :INPUT ACCEPT [0:0] :FORWARD ACCEPT [0:0] :OUTPUT ACCEPT [0:0] -A INPUT -m state --state ESTABLISHED,RELATED -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -p icmp -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -i lo -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 22 -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 3306 -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -j REJECT --reject-with icmp-host-prohibited -A FORWARD -j REJECT --reject-with icmp-host-prohibited COMMIT

3.保存退出

4.重啟防火墻：service iptables restart

[root@iZ2ze9134z8zlqupc9t6mzZ ~]# service iptables restart iptables: Setting chains to policy ACCEPT: filter [ OK ] iptables: Flushing firewall rules: [ OK ] iptables: Unloading modules: [ OK ] iptables: Applying firewall rules: [ OK ] 注意：開放的端口一定要添加到 REJECT 之前。

(二) 開啟遠程訪問權限

1.mysql -u eastmount -p 123456

2.查詢主機、用戶名和密碼：select host,user,password from user;

3.授權：grant all privileges on *.* to eastmount@39.107.105.166 identified by "123456" with grant option;

mysql> use mysql; Reading table information for completion of table and column names You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -ADatabase changed mysql> grant all privileges on *.* to eastmount@39.107.105.166 identified by "123456" with grant option; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)mysql> flush privileges; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)mysql> select host,user,password from user; +-------------------------+-----------+-------------------------------------------+ | host | user | password | +-------------------------+-----------+-------------------------------------------+ | localhost | root | *6BB4837EB74329105EE4568DDA7DC67ED2CA2AD9 | | izm5e2qvb8hl5w1gjowpsxz | root | *6BB4837EB74329105EE4568DDA7DC67ED2CA2AD9 | | 127.0.0.1 | root | *6BB4837EB74329105EE4568DDA7DC67ED2CA2AD9 | | localhost | | | | izm5e2qvb8hl5w1gjowpsxz | | | | localhost | yxz | *6BB4837EB74329105EE4568DDA7DC67ED2CA2AD9 | | localhost | mysql | *95FE99470B7B7CAF1E150B16ACCA48CDE7925813 | | 39.107.105.166 | yxz | *6BB4837EB74329105EE4568DDA7DC67ED2CA2AD9 | | 39.107.105.166 | root | *6BB4837EB74329105EE4568DDA7DC67ED2CA2AD9 | | % | root | *6BB4837EB74329105EE4568DDA7DC67ED2CA2AD9 | | localhost | eastmount | *6BB4837EB74329105EE4568DDA7DC67ED2CA2AD9 | | 39.107.105.166 | eastmount | *6BB4837EB74329105EE4568DDA7DC67ED2CA2AD9 | +-------------------------+-----------+-------------------------------------------+ 12 rows in set (0.00 sec) 可以看到主機host為39.107.105.166，用戶名為eastmount，密碼為123456的已經添加。

但仍然報錯“1045 - Access denied for user 'eastmount' (using password: YES)”。

4.為eastmount@'%'用戶授權

grant all privileges on *.* to eastmount@'%' identified by "123456" with grant option;

flush privileges;

service mysqld restart??

此時權限開啟成功，同時服務器的3306端口開啟。

三. 阿里云服務器安全設置

如果現在您仍然無法通過阿里云主機CentOS連接遠程MySQL數據庫，那您需要設置阿里云的安全組規則，而網上更多的資料忽略了該步驟。下面進行簡單敘述：

第一步：打開阿里云服務器管理控制臺頁面，點擊“管理”按鈕

第二步：在彈出的頁面中，選擇“本實例安全組”，然后點擊“配置規則”

第三步：在彈出如下界面中點擊“添加安全組規則”

第四步：在“添加安全組規則”界面選擇“MySQL（3306）”，其中3306是MySQL數據庫的端口號，同樣可以設置其他的端口。

第五步：授權對象填寫“0.0.0.0/0”，表示允許任意公網IP登錄。

設置成功如下圖所示：

第六步：Navicat for MySQL軟件登錄，輸入IP地址、用戶名和密碼，如下所示。

查看20180220df數據庫的student表如下所示：

參考阿里云官方文檔：阿里云服務器安全組設置 -?應用案例

四. Python簡單操作數據庫

下面簡單給出pymsql庫操作MySQL數據庫的Python代碼，這是查詢功能。

#!usr/bin/python #coding: utf-8 #author: yxz import pymysql#創建連接 con = pymysql.Connect(host='localhost', user='yxz', passwd='123456', db="Eastmount") #創建游標 cur = con.cursor() #執行SQL語句 cur.execute("select * from douban;") #獲取所有執行結果 res = cur.fetchall() print(res) #執行語句提交 con.commit() cur.close() #關閉連接 con.close()

如果需要連接遠程服務器的Python代碼如下所示：

#!usr/bin/python #coding: utf-8 #author: yxz import pymysql#創建連接 con = pymysql.Connect(host='39.107.105.166', user='eastmount', passwd='123456', db="20180220df") #創建游標 cur = con.cursor() #執行SQL語句 cur.execute("insert into student(id,name,pwd) values('2','eastmount','20180222')") cur.execute("select * from student;") #獲取所有執行結果 res = cur.fetchall() print(res) #執行語句提交 con.commit() cur.close() #關閉連接 con.close()

運行結果如下所示：

[root@iZ2ze9134z8zlqupc9t6mzZ eastmount]# python test.py ((1, 'yangxiuzhang', '111111'), (2, 'eastmount', '20180222')) [root@iZ2ze9134z8zlqupc9t6mzZ eastmount]#

總之，希望這篇基礎文章對您有所幫助，尤其是剛接觸云服務器的新手，如果您是高手，還請多提意見，共同提高。祝大家新年快樂，又一年過去了，娜我們來年一起進步加油。?
( By：Eastmount CSDN 2018-02-22 中午11點?http://blog.csdn.net/Eastmount?)

總結

以上是生活随笔為你收集整理的[CentOS Python系列] 四.阿里云服务器CentOS连接远程MySQL数据库及pymsql的全部內容，希望文章能夠幫你解決所遇到的問題。

如果覺得生活随笔網站內容還不錯，歡迎將生活随笔推薦給好友。