1 開發環境

? ? 宿主機：Ubuntu16.04

? ? 開發板：Mini2440

? ? 內核版本：2.6.34.7

2 下載與解壓

? ? 下載linux-2.6.34.7.tar.bz2并解壓：

tar -axvf linux-2.6.34.7.tar.bz2

3?默認配置

? ? 進入內核源碼頂級目錄執行：

make defconfig

? ? 輸出如下：

liyihai@ubuntu:~/Mini2440/Kernels/linux-2.6.34.7$ make defconfigHOSTCC scripts/basic/fixdepHOSTCC scripts/basic/docprocHOSTCC scripts/basic/hashHOSTCC scripts/kconfig/conf.o scripts/kconfig/conf.c: In function ‘conf_sym’: scripts/kconfig/conf.c:159:6: warning: variable ‘type’ set but not used [-Wunused-but-set-variable]int type;^ scripts/kconfig/conf.c: In function ‘conf_choice’: scripts/kconfig/conf.c:231:6: warning: variable ‘type’ set but not used [-Wunused-but-set-variable]int type;^ scripts/kconfig/conf.c:307:9: warning: ignoring return value of ‘fgets’, declared with attribute warn_unused_result [-Wunused-result]fgets(line, 128, stdin);^ scripts/kconfig/conf.c: In function ‘conf_askvalue’: scripts/kconfig/conf.c:105:8: warning: ignoring return value of ‘fgets’, declared with attribute warn_unused_result [-Wunused-result]fgets(line, 128, stdin);^HOSTCC scripts/kconfig/kxgettext.oSHIPPED scripts/kconfig/zconf.tab.cSHIPPED scripts/kconfig/lex.zconf.cSHIPPED scripts/kconfig/zconf.hash.cHOSTCC scripts/kconfig/zconf.tab.oHOSTLD scripts/kconfig/conf *** Default configuration is based on 'i386_defconfig' # # configuration written to .config #

? ? 根據上述輸出信息倒數第倒數4行可知，默認情況下內核的配置是針對x86架構的，并且根據i386_defconfig生成了.config（源碼中本沒有此文件，是配置時才創建的）。通過find命令查找i386_deconfig：

? ? 使用vim打開分別打開.config和i386_defconfig，發現它們的內容基本一樣，通過diff命令對它們進行比較：

? ? 由上圖可見，.config與i386_defconfig是不完全同的，make defconfig并非簡單的將arch/x86/configs/i386_defconfig復制到.config。

3.1 默認架構

? ? 上述默認配置是針對x86構架的，那么怎么啟動ARM構架的默認配置呢?答案是指定頂級Makefile的ARCH變量值，同時指定交叉編譯工具鏈前綴：

ARCH ?= arm CROSS_COMPILE ?= arm-linux-

? ? 這時候再執行make defconfig時，針對的就是ARM架構了：

liyihai@ubuntu:~/Mini2440/Kernels/linux-2.6.34.7$ make defconfigHOSTCC scripts/basic/fixdepHOSTCC scripts/basic/docprocHOSTCC scripts/basic/hashHOSTCC scripts/kconfig/conf.o scripts/kconfig/conf.c: In function ‘conf_sym’: scripts/kconfig/conf.c:159:6: warning: variable ‘type’ set but not used [-Wunused-but-set-variable]int type;^ scripts/kconfig/conf.c: In function ‘conf_choice’: scripts/kconfig/conf.c:231:6: warning: variable ‘type’ set but not used [-Wunused-but-set-variable]int type;^ scripts/kconfig/conf.c:307:9: warning: ignoring return value of ‘fgets’, declared with attribute warn_unused_result [-Wunused-result]fgets(line, 128, stdin);^ scripts/kconfig/conf.c: In function ‘conf_askvalue’: scripts/kconfig/conf.c:105:8: warning: ignoring return value of ‘fgets’, declared with attribute warn_unused_result [-Wunused-result]fgets(line, 128, stdin);^HOSTCC scripts/kconfig/kxgettext.oSHIPPED scripts/kconfig/zconf.tab.cSHIPPED scripts/kconfig/lex.zconf.cSHIPPED scripts/kconfig/zconf.hash.cHOSTCC scripts/kconfig/zconf.tab.oHOSTLD scripts/kconfig/conf *** Default configuration is based on 'versatile_defconfig' # # configuration written to .config #

? ? 由上述信息可知，此時根據versatile_defconfig進行默認配置生成.config，使用find查找versatile_defconfig：

? ? 使用diff比較versatile_defconfig與.config：

? ? 由上圖可見，versatile_defconfig與.config還是不完全同的。

3.2 配置文件.config

? ? 由上可見，配置信息主要保存于內核源碼頂級目錄的.config文件中，ARM構架的.config最開始部分的內容如下所示：

# # Automatically generated make config: don't edit # Linux kernel version: 2.6.34.7 # Tue May 10 11:30:25 2016 # CONFIG_ARM=y CONFIG_SYS_SUPPORTS_APM_EMULATION=y CONFIG_GENERIC_TIME=y CONFIG_GENERIC_CLOCKEVENTS=y CONFIG_HAVE_PROC_CPU=y CONFIG_GENERIC_HARDIRQS=y CONFIG_STACKTRACE_SUPPORT=y CONFIG_HAVE_LATENCYTOP_SUPPORT=y CONFIG_LOCKDEP_SUPPORT=y CONFIG_TRACE_IRQFLAGS_SUPPORT=y CONFIG_HARDIRQS_SW_RESEND=y CONFIG_GENERIC_IRQ_PROBE=y CONFIG_RWSEM_GENERIC_SPINLOCK=y CONFIG_GENERIC_HWEIGHT=y CONFIG_GENERIC_CALIBRATE_DELAY=y CONFIG_NEED_DMA_MAP_STATE=y CONFIG_GENERIC_HARDIRQS_NO__DO_IRQ=y CONFIG_VECTORS_BASE=0xffff0000 CONFIG_DEFCONFIG_LIST="/lib/modules/$UNAME_RELEASE/.config" CONFIG_CONSTRUCTORS=y

?

? ? 根據上述信息第2行的說明可知，.config文件的內容是由make config自動生成的（其實i386_defconfig也是的第2行也是這么寫），不要手動修改。

? ? 第6行指定了使用ARM架構，此外，其余所有的配置項都以CONFIG_為前綴。

3.3 其它默認配置文件

? ? 根據參考資料[1]的提示，在內核源碼arch目錄中有alpha、x86、arm等子目錄，分別對應相應的架構：

? ? 其中arm目錄包含boot、common、configs、include以及內核已支持的ARM芯片子目錄：

? ? 上圖configs目錄包含了各個ARM芯片的默認配置文件（包括3.1小節的versatile_defconfig）：

? ?根據參考資料[1] 的提示，若要使用這些平臺的配置文件，只能將其復制到頂級目錄并且重命名為.config：

cd linux-2.6.34.7 cp arch/arm/configs/mini2440_defconfig .config

4 交互配置

? ? 進入內核源碼頂級目錄執行：

make config

? ? 輸出如下：

liyihai@ubuntu:~/Mini2440/Kernels/linux-2.6.34.7$ make configHOSTCC scripts/basic/fixdepHOSTCC scripts/basic/docprocHOSTCC scripts/basic/hashHOSTCC scripts/kconfig/conf.o scripts/kconfig/conf.c: In function ‘conf_sym’: scripts/kconfig/conf.c:159:6: warning: variable ‘type’ set but not used [-Wunused-but-set-variable]int type;^ scripts/kconfig/conf.c: In function ‘conf_choice’: scripts/kconfig/conf.c:231:6: warning: variable ‘type’ set but not used [-Wunused-but-set-variable]int type;^ scripts/kconfig/conf.c:307:9: warning: ignoring return value of ‘fgets’, declared with attribute warn_unused_result [-Wunused-result]fgets(line, 128, stdin);^ scripts/kconfig/conf.c: In function ‘conf_askvalue’: scripts/kconfig/conf.c:105:8: warning: ignoring return value of ‘fgets’, declared with attribute warn_unused_result [-Wunused-result]fgets(line, 128, stdin);^HOSTCC scripts/kconfig/kxgettext.oSHIPPED scripts/kconfig/zconf.tab.cSHIPPED scripts/kconfig/lex.zconf.cSHIPPED scripts/kconfig/zconf.hash.cHOSTCC scripts/kconfig/zconf.tab.oHOSTLD scripts/kconfig/conf scripts/kconfig/conf arch/x86/Kconfig # # using defaults found in /boot/config-3.16.0-30-generic # /boot/config-3.16.0-30-generic:1264:warning: symbol value 'm' invalid for NET_DSA /boot/config-3.16.0-30-generic:1680:warning: symbol value 'm' invalid for MTD_CMDLINE_PARTS /boot/config-3.16.0-30-generic:2418:warning: symbol value 'm' invalid for NET_DSA_MV88E6XXX /boot/config-3.16.0-30-generic:2419:warning: symbol value 'm' invalid for NET_DSA_MV88E6060 /boot/config-3.16.0-30-generic:2421:warning: symbol value 'm' invalid for NET_DSA_MV88E6131 /boot/config-3.16.0-30-generic:2422:warning: symbol value 'm' invalid for NET_DSA_MV88E6123_61_65 /boot/config-3.16.0-30-generic:2861:warning: symbol value 'm' invalid for IWL4965 /boot/config-3.16.0-30-generic:3783:warning: symbol value 'm' invalid for GPIO_UCB1400 /boot/config-3.16.0-30-generic:4259:warning: symbol value 'm' invalid for REGULATOR_88PM8607 /boot/config-3.16.0-30-generic:4318:warning: symbol value 'm' invalid for REGULATOR_TWL4030 /boot/config-3.16.0-30-generic:5396:warning: symbol value 'm' invalid for SND_HDA_CODEC_REALTEK /boot/config-3.16.0-30-generic:5397:warning: symbol value 'm' invalid for SND_HDA_CODEC_ANALOG /boot/config-3.16.0-30-generic:5398:warning: symbol value 'm' invalid for SND_HDA_CODEC_SIGMATEL /boot/config-3.16.0-30-generic:5399:warning: symbol value 'm' invalid for SND_HDA_CODEC_VIA /boot/config-3.16.0-30-generic:5402:warning: symbol value 'm' invalid for SND_HDA_CODEC_CIRRUS /boot/config-3.16.0-30-generic:5403:warning: symbol value 'm' invalid for SND_HDA_CODEC_CONEXANT /boot/config-3.16.0-30-generic:5404:warning: symbol value 'm' invalid for SND_HDA_CODEC_CA0110 /boot/config-3.16.0-30-generic:5407:warning: symbol value 'm' invalid for SND_HDA_CODEC_CMEDIA /boot/config-3.16.0-30-generic:5408:warning: symbol value 'm' invalid for SND_HDA_CODEC_SI3054 /boot/config-3.16.0-30-generic:5409:warning: symbol value 'm' invalid for SND_HDA_GENERIC /boot/config-3.16.0-30-generic:7288:warning: symbol value 'm' invalid for NFS_V3 /boot/config-3.16.0-30-generic:7290:warning: symbol value 'm' invalid for NFS_V4 * * Linux Kernel Configuration * * * General setup * Prompt for development and/or incomplete code/drivers (EXPERIMENTAL) [N/y/?] (NEW)

? ? 由上述最后1行可知，需要用戶確認是否Prompt for development and/or incomplete code/drivers (EXPERIMENTAL)，因此可知這是交互式的配置，需要用戶對內核非常了解，操作比較繁瑣。

5 菜單配置

make menuconfig

?

6 清空配置

? ? 若要刪除上述的配置值，執行：

make mrproper

?

? ? 注：make distcean不能替代上述命令！
?

參考資料

[1]交叉編譯 Linux 內核 for ARM

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