初中英語語法——

形容詞與副詞(二)

比較的用法

• 語法解釋

1、形容詞與副詞比較級和最高級的規(guī)則變化

• 單音節(jié)詞與部分雙音節(jié)詞：

(1)一般情況加-er，-est

long-longer-longest?

strong-stronger-strongest

clean-cleaner-cleanest

(2)以不發(fā)音的e結尾的詞，加-r，-st

nice-nicer -nicest ?

wide-wider-widest

nice-nicer-nicest

(3)重讀閉音節(jié)(輔+元+輔)結構結尾的詞，雙寫末尾字母再加-er，-est

big-bigger-biggest

thin-thinner-thinnest

fat-fatter-fattest

(4)以輔音字母加y結尾的詞，改y為i再加-er，-est

easy-easier-easiest?

friendly-friendlier-friendliest?

heavy-heavier-heaviest

busy-busier-busiest

happy-happier-happiest

funny-funnier-funniest

• 部分雙音節(jié)詞及多音節(jié)詞

在詞前加more，most

serious-more serious-most serious

slowly-more slowly-most slowly

beautiful-more beautiful-most beautiful

comfortably-more comfortably-most comfortably

注意:?

simple、clever兩種變形方式均可。

2、形容詞與副詞比較級和最高級的不規(guī)則變化

(1)常見不規(guī)則變化形式

good(好)-better-best

well(好地;身體健康的)-better-best

bad(壞的)-worse-worst

badly(壞地)-worse-worst

ill(有病的)-worse-worst

little(很少的;很少地)-less-least

many(多)much-more-most

much(多)much-more-most

far(遠)-farther/further-farthest/furthest

old(老;舊)-older/elder-oldest/eldest

(2)older/oldest與elder/eldest

older/oldest既可用于人也可用于物，也可用于比較等級，elder/eldest則只用于指人，不用于指物，且不用于比較句型，通常置于名詞前作定語，不作表語。“elder”還可以作名詞表示“長者”。如：

This is the oldest temple in Taiwan. ?

這是臺灣最老的寺廟。

My eldest aunt is three years older than my mother. ?

我最大的姨媽比我媽媽大三歲。

This is my elder brother and those are all our elders.??

這是我哥哥，那些都是我們的長輩。

(3)farther/farthest與further/furthest

表示距離時，四個詞都可用，“further”還可以表示“更進一步；(意義)更深遠；更多；此外”等。“further”作動詞表示“促進；推進”。如：

I can throw much farther/further than you. ?

我可以比你扔得更遠。

I have nothing further to say. ?

我沒有更多的要講了。

We’ll further discuss it.?

我們會進一步討論它。

Her support furthered my career.?

她的支持促進了我的事業(yè)。

3、原級比較

(1)as+原級+as 表示“和…一樣…”。

English is as interesting as Chinese. ?

英語和漢語一樣有趣。

(4)not as/so+原級+as表示“和…不一樣…/不如…”。

The book isn’t as new as that one. ?

這本書不如那本書新。

She didn’t sing so well that night as she usually does. ?

她那晚唱歌唱得不如平時好。

(3)有時該結構可以被almost，just，nothing，like，exactly，not quite，twice，30 percent等修飾，注意這些修飾詞必須置于第一個as之前，而不能置于其后。

The dining-room is twice as big as the kitchen.

餐廳是廚房的兩倍大。

At best we can do only half as much as last year.

我們最多能完成去年工作量的一半。

(4)原級比較結構中的形容詞有時還可修飾另一名詞，但這個名詞應帶有不定冠詞。

She is as good a cook as her mother.=She is a cook as good as her mother.

她和她媽媽一樣是一位好廚師。

4、比較級用法

(1)A+be/動詞+比較級+than B 表示“A比B更…”。

The lion is stronger than the antelope. 獅子比羚羊強壯。

We need to do better than others. 我們需要比別人做得更好。

(2)the+比較級+of the two(+名詞)表示“兩者中較…的那一個”。

It is the longer of the two streets.

這是兩條街道中比較長的那一條。

(3)“比較級+and+比較級/more and more+原級”表示“越來越…”。more and more本身也可用于修飾動詞，介詞。

Winter comes and the weather gets colder and colder.

冬天到了，天變得越冷越冷。

Our school is more and more beautiful.

我們的學校越來越美麗了。

The little girl is growing to be more and more like her mother.

這個小姑娘長得越來越像她媽媽了。

(4)“the+比較級...，the+比較級”表示“越…，就越…”。

The harder you work, the more you will get.

你工作越努力，你得到的就會越多。

(5)含有or的選擇疑問句，要用比較級。

Which language is more difficult, Chinese or English?

哪一種語言更難，中文還是英語？

(6)形容詞/副詞比較級前可用表示程度的副詞修飾，如a little，a bit，a great deal，a lot，much，even，still，far，rather，any等。例如：much +比較級，表示“…得多”。very，quite一般只能修飾原級，不能修飾比較級。

China is much bigger than Japan.

中國比日本大得多。

(7)“no+比較級+than”結構，通常表示對比較的兩個對象同時進行否定，表示“與…一樣不”。如no better than=as bad as 與…一樣不好(即一樣壞)；no earlier than=as late as 與…一樣不早(即一樣遲)；no more than表示“僅僅。只不過”。

You are no more careful than he is.

你和他一樣不仔細。

A half truth is often no better than a lie.

半真半假的話常常跟謊言一樣糟。

I have no more than five yuan in my pocket.

我口袋里僅有五塊錢。

This test takes no more than thirty minutes.

這個測驗需時不超過30分鐘。

The pub was no more than half full.

該酒吧的上座率最多不超過五成。

(8)表示倍數

• 倍數+as+形容詞/副詞原級+as

This ruler is three times as long as that one.

這把尺子是那把尺子的三倍長。

• 倍數+形容詞/副詞比較級+than

This ruler is three times longer than that one.

這把尺子是那把尺子的三倍長。

• 倍數+the size/length/weight...+of+比較的對象

This ruler is three times the length?of that one.

這把尺子是那把尺子的三倍長。

• 倍數+what引導從句

He eat three times what I eat.

他的食量是我的三倍。

(9)相關短語

• more or less表示“幾乎，差不多，大約，或多或少”。

The work is more or less finished.

工作基本上完成了。

It’s an hour’s journey, more or less.

大約有一個鐘頭的路程。

• sooner or later表示“遲早，早晚，總有一天”。

You should tell her, because she’ll find out sooner or later.

你應該告訴她，因為她遲早會發(fā)覺的。

• what's more表示“此外，還有，更有甚者”。

She says we could use her car, and what;s more, she’ll pay for the petrol.

她說我們可以用她的車，而且她還愿付汽油費。

5、最高級用法

(1)the+最高級(+名詞)+表示范圍的短語或從句

Jack is the tallest boy in our class.

杰克是我們班上最高的男生。

Linda draws (the) best in her class.

琳達班上她畫得最好。

(2)“one of the+最高級+名詞復數”表示“最...之一”。

China is one of the oldest countries in the world.

中國是世界上最古老的國家之一。

(3)形容詞/副詞最高級前面可以加序數詞，表示“第幾最…”。

The Yellow River is the second longest river in China.

黃河是中國第二長河。

(4)比較級表示最高級含義

• 比較級+than+any other+可數名詞單數

She is taller than any other girl in her class.

她是他們班個子最高的女生。

• 比較級+than+all other+可數名詞復數

This bag is more expensive than all other bags in the shop.

這個包是這家店里最貴的。

• 比較級+than+anything else/anyone else

Life is more valuable than anything else.

生命是最寶貴的東西。

• 比較級與否定詞連用

I have never heard a better voice than yours.

你的嗓音是我聽過的最好的嗓音。

(5)表示在三者或三者以上的人或物中進行選擇時，要用最高級。

Which subject do you learn best, geography, physics or Chinese?

你哪一個學科學得最好，地理，物理還是語文？

(6)最高級前無須加the的情況

• 副詞最高級作狀語時，the通常可省略。

He runs (the) fastest in his class.

他在他們班是跑得最快的。

It was Lily who do it most effectively.

最有效完成的人是Lily。

• 最高級前有序數詞、物主代詞、指示代詞或名詞所有格等限定詞修飾時，無須加the

My oldest daughter is 16 years old.

我最大的女兒十六歲。

Hainan is China’s second largest island.

海南是中國第二大島。

• 多個形容詞最高級共同修飾同一名詞時，第二個形容詞最高級前不加the。

He is the youngest and tallest boy in his class.

他是他班里最小也是最高的男孩。

• 最高級用于加強語氣，表“非常”時，前面不加the。但形容詞最高級作單數名詞的定語時，可用不定冠詞a/an。

That book is most interesting.

那本書非常有趣。

The girl looks prettiest in white.

這個女孩穿白衣服最好看。

She is the candidate most likely to be elected.

她是最有可能入選的候選人。

Spring is a best season.

春天是個非常好的季節(jié)

• 作賓語補足語的形容詞最高級前不加the。

I found it most difficult to get to sleep.

我發(fā)現入睡是最難的。

• 形容詞最高級在句中作表語而比較范圍又不明確時,最高級前不用the。

They are happiest on Saturdays.

他們在星期六最快樂.

• 在一些固定用法中

With best wishes for you.

向你致以最美好的祝愿.

• 練習

一、寫出下列單詞的比較級和最高級

serious _________________

friendly?_________________

far?_________________

badly_________________

hard??_________________

little??_________________

heavy??_________________

heavily?_________________

cheap??_________________

much??_________________

safe??_________________

tired??_________________

outgoing??_________________

good??_________________

thin??_________________

comfortable??_________________

many?_________________

slowly?_________________

funny?_________________

quiet?_________________

二、單項選擇

1.—Which of the two cars will you buy?

—The ______?one.I don’t have much money.

A.cheap ?B.expensive ?????

C.cheaper ?D.more expensive

2.—Remember this,?children.______?careful you are, ______mistakes you will make.

—Yes,Miss Gao.

A.The more;the fewer??????

B.The more;the few

C.The more;the less????????

D.The much;the fewer

3.—Mum,could you buy me a dress like this?

—Of course.We can buy _____?one than this,but ____?it.

A.a better;better than ?????????????

B.a popular;as good as

C.a more popular;not as good as ????

D.a cheaper;as good as

4.The actress is already 50,but she looks _____?than she really is.

A.young ??

B.more young ?????

C.more younger ?

D.much younger

5.—Tom,what do you think of the school?

—Oh,no other school is ____?in the city.?It’s ____?one.

A.better;a better?????

B.the best;the best ????

C.better;the best?????

D.the best;a better

6.Now,blogs are ______?traditional diaries among young people.Everyone in my class has a blog.

A.very popular??????????

B.as popular as

C.not so popular as???????

D.much more popular than

7.—What do you think of the film you saw yesterday?

—Oh! It’s one of _______?films I’ve ever seen.

A.interesting?????

B.more interesting ????

C.most interesting?????

D.the most interesting

8.—Peter is ____?than you,right?

—Yes,but he is____?runner in our class.

A.heavier;best?????

B.heavy;the best ????

C.heavier;the best?????

D.heavy;better

9.We are glad to see that our hometown is developing ?______ these years than ever before.

A.quickly ?B.less quickly?????

C.more quickly ?D.the most quickly

10.The Yangtze River is one of ____?in the world.

A.the longest rivers?????????

B.the longest river

C.longer rivers?????????????

D.longer river

11.Do you believe some special dogs can do things ________ man?

A.as good as ?

B.as well as ???

C.as soon as ?

D.as careful as

12.Of the two sisters，Lucy is ______?one，and she is also the one who loves to be quiet.

A.a younger ?B.a youngest ?????

C.the younger ?D.the youngest

13.The weather is becoming________?.

A.hotter and hotter???

B.more hot and hot

C.hoter and hoter????

D.more and more hot

14.—It’s smoggy these days.?That’s terrible!

—Yes.I hope to plant trees.______?trees，______?air pollution.

A.The more，the fewer?????????

B.The less，the more

C.The less，the fewer??????????

D.The more，the less?

15.The old man is looking at his granddaughter ______. He has not seen her for a long time.

A.happy ?B.happily ?

C.happier ?D.the happiest

16.Mary felt ill on Monday, and ________ the following day, so she went to see a doctor.

A.badly ?B.worse ?C.worst ?D.more ill

17.________ you work, ________ you will do.

A.Harder；better

B.The harder；the worse ?

C.Hardest；best

D.The harder；the better

18.The turkey tastes ____ the chicken.

A.as better as ???B.much better than ???C.as well as ???D.the best to

19.With the help of German experts, the factory produced?____?cars in 1993 as the year before.

A.as twice many?

B.as many as twice?

C.as twice as many?

D.twice as many

20.If you decide on the date to leave Shanghai, please tell me ____ possible.

A.as fast as ???

B.as quickly as ???

C.as swiftly as ???

D.as soon as

21.People prefer to send e-mail than to post letters because e-mail are much ____ than letters.

A.fast and convenient ????????

B.faster and convenient

C.fast and more convenient ???

D.faster and more convenient

22.The Mars is far ____ to us than the Pluto (冥王星). We wish we could live on it one day.

A.close ?B.closer ?C.closest ?D.the closest

23.The turkey smelt ____ the chicken wings.

A.as delicious as ?

B.as deliciously as ?

C.much delicious than?

D.more deliciously than

24.Please listen as ____ as possible so that you won’t make any mistakes.

A.careful ?B.much carefully ?

C.more carefully ?D.carefully

25.In my opinion, the Summer Palace looks ____ than Bei Hai Park.

A.beautiful ?B.more beautiful ?

C.beautifully ?D.more beautifully

三、用括號內的單詞的正確形式填空

1.?The?______________?(little) you do, the?______________?(bad) the results will be.

2.?Alice writes?______________?(careful) than I.

3.?Which film is?______________?(interesting),?this one or that one?

4.?That was one of?______________?( exciting) moments in 2008.

5.?This kind of food must be?______________?( delicious)?than that one.

6.?Beihai park is one of?______________?(beautiful ) parks in Beijing.

7.?Who’s?______________?(careful), Tom,Jim or Kate?

8.?That is?______________?(easy) of all.

9.?He is?______________?(clever )?boy in the class.

10.?It is?______________?(good)?to teach a man to fish than to give him fish.

11.?She is?______________?(pretty)?girl in the group.

12.?Can you show me?______________?(near) shop here?

13.?This bridge is as?______________?( long) as that one, but it is much?______________?(wide) than that one.

14.?I think English is one of _______________ (important )?subjects in middle school.

15.?I have nothing ______________ (far) to say.

16.?Tracy is my?______________?(old)?sister.

17.?The boy is not so _____________ (interesting) as his brother.

18.?She will be much?______________?(happy) in her?new house

19.?John’s parents have four daughters, and she is?______________?(young) child

20.?Many students go abroad to?______________?(far)?their studies.

參考答案

一、

serious-more serious-most serious?

friendly-friendlier-friendliest

far-farther/further-farthest/furthest

badly-worse-worst

hard-harder-hardest

little-less-least

heavy-heavier-heaviest

heavily-more heavily-most heavily

cheap-cheaper-cheapest

much-more-most

safe-safer-safest

tired-more tired-most tired

thin-thinner-thinnest

comfortable-more comfortable-most comfortable? ?

many-more-most?

slowly-more slowly-most slowly

funny-funnier-funniest

quiet-quieter-quietest

二、

1-5 CADDC ?6-10 DDCCA ?11-15 BCADB 16-20 BDBDD ?21-25 DBADB

三、

1.?less, worse ?2. more carefully ?3. more interesting ?4. the most exciting ?5. more delicious ?6. the most beautiful ?7. the most careful ?8. easiest ?9. the cleverest ?10. better ?11. the prettiest ?12. the nearest ?13. long, wider ?14. the most important ?15. further ?16. elder ?17. interesting ?18. happier ?19. the youngest ?20. further ?

Get one more !

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