最近使用scrapy模擬登陸知乎，發現所有接口都發生變化了，包括驗證碼也發生了很大變化，通過抓包分析，記錄下改版后的知乎模擬登陸,廢話不多說，直接上代碼，親測有效

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- from PIL import Image from scrapy.exceptions import CloseSpider import scrapy import json import base64class ZhihuSpider(scrapy.Spider):name = 'zhihu'allowed_domains = ['www.zhihu.com']start_urls = ['http://www.zhihu.com/']handle_httpstatus_list = [401, 403]client_id = 'c3cef7c66a1843f8b3a9e6a1e3160e20' #固定不變signature = 'b858d0c8b1f2e86c6cb0d93d4055963bcf1121ec' #抓包獲取timestamp = '1519567594106' #抓包獲取headers = {"HOST": "www.zhihu.com","Referer": "https://www.zhihu.com/signup?next=%2F","User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_12_6) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/63.0.3239.132 Safari/537.36Name","authorization": "oauth c3cef7c66a1843f8b3a9e6a1e3160e20",}def parse(self, response):passdef start_requests(self):'''獲取登陸頁面，set_cookie:return:'''return [scrapy.Request(url='https://www.zhihu.com/signup?next=%2F',headers=self.headers,method="GET",meta={'cookiejar':1},callback=self.post_captchareq,dont_filter=True,)]def post_captchareq(self, response):'''發送獲取驗證碼請求:param response::return:'''return [scrapy.Request(url='https://www.zhihu.com/api/v3/oauth/captcha?lang=en',headers=self.headers,meta={'cookiejar': response.meta['cookiejar']},dont_filter=True,callback=self.deal_captchareq,)]def deal_captchareq(self, response):'''判斷是否需要驗證碼:param response::return:'''json_res = json.loads(response.text)post_data = {"client_id": self.client_id,"grant_type":"password","timestamp": self.timestamp,"source": "com.zhihu.web","signature": self.signature,"username": '+86你的手機號碼',"password":'密碼',"captcha": '',"lang":"en","ref_source":"homepage","utm_source":""}if json_res.get("show_captcha", None):return [scrapy.Request(url='https://www.zhihu.com/api/v3/oauth/captcha?lang=en',headers=self.headers,method='PUT',meta={'cookiejar': response.meta['cookiejar'],'post_data':post_data},callback=self.get_captchaimg)]return [scrapy.FormRequest(url="https://www.zhihu.com/api/v3/oauth/sign_in",formdata=post_data,method="POST",headers=self.headers,meta={'cookiejar': response.meta['cookiejar']},callback=self.check_login,dont_filter=True,)]def get_captchaimg(self, response):'''獲取驗證碼圖片流數據,手動輸入驗證碼:param response::return:'''post_data = response.meta['post_data']try:json_img = json.loads(response.text)bs64_img = json_img["img_base64"]bs64_img = bs64_img.encode('utf-8')img_steam = base64.b64decode(bs64_img)with open("zhihucaptcha.jpg", 'wb') as f:f.write(img_steam)img = Image.open("zhihucaptcha.jpg")img.show()input_captcha = input("請輸入圖中驗證碼：").strip()post_data['captcha'] = input_captchaimg.close()post_code = {"input_text":input_captcha,}return [scrapy.FormRequest(url="https://www.zhihu.com/api/v3/oauth/captcha?lang=en",formdata=post_code,headers=self.headers,method='POST',meta={'cookiejar': response.meta['cookiejar'],'post_data':post_data},callback=self.post_captcha,dont_filter=True,)]except Exception as e:raise CloseSpider('獲取驗證碼發生錯誤:{error}'.format(error=e))def post_captcha(self, response):'''發送用戶認證信息登陸:param response::return:'''post_data = response.meta.get('post_data')if json.loads(response.text).get('success'):return [scrapy.FormRequest(url="https://www.zhihu.com/api/v3/oauth/sign_in",formdata=post_data,headers=self.headers,method='POST',meta={'cookiejar': response.meta['cookiejar']},callback=self.check_login,dont_filter=True,)]else:raise CloseSpider('驗證碼不正確')def check_login(self, response):#驗證是否登陸成功print('==============>',response.text)print(response.status)if response.status == 201:self.logger.info("登陸成功!")else:raise CloseSpider('登陸信息有誤！')　　

? 其中，其它參數如client_id, oauth等都是固定的，signature與timestamp是隨著時間戳變化的，它是用于驗證合法用戶的token,實質也是一段客戶端的js運行生成的，這里為了方便，直接通過抓包獲取某個固定時間戳對應的signature

?

?

?先在pc端輸入錯誤賬戶信息，抓包獲取timestamp與signature，替換對應的即可

轉載于:https://www.cnblogs.com/chenice/p/8479546.html

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