前言

在linux上安裝mysql5.6版本，并遠程連接mysql數據庫操作

安裝mysql

mysql的安裝可以用yum安裝更方便

[root@yoyo ~]# cd /usr/local/ [root@yoyo ~]# mkdir mysql-community-release [root@yoyo ~]# cd mysql-community-release [root@yoyo ~]# wget http://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql-community-release-el7-5.noarch.rpm [root@yoyo ~]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-release-el7-5.noarch.rpm [root@yoyo ~]# yum -y install mysql-community-server

安裝完成后查看版本號：mysql -V

[root@yoyo local]# mysql -V mysql ?Ver 14.14 Distrib 5.6.42, for Linux (x86_64) using ?EditLine wrapper

安裝完成后重啟mysql服務,查看狀態是 Active: active (running) ，說明啟動成功

啟動服務:service mysqld restart

[root@yoyo local]# service mysqld restart

查看mysql運行狀態：systemctl status ?mysql.service

[root@yoyo local]# systemctl status ?mysql.service

[root@yoyo local]# service mysqld restart Redirecting to /bin/systemctl restart mysqld.service Job for mysqld.service failed because the control process exited with error code. See "systemctl status mysqld.service" and "journalctl -xe" for details.[root@yoyo ~]# systemctl status mysql.service ● mysqld.service - MySQL Community ServerLoaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)Active: active (running) since Tue 2019-01-15 09:53:42 CST; 47s agoMain PID: 946 (mysqld_safe)CGroup: /system.slice/mysqld.service├─ 946 /bin/sh /usr/bin/mysqld_safe --basedir=/usr└─1282 /usr/sbin/mysqld --basedir=/usr --datadir=/var/lib/mysql --plugin-dir=/usr/lib64/mysql/plugin --log-error=/v...Jan 15 09:53:39 yoyo systemd[1]: Starting MySQL Community Server... Jan 15 09:53:40 yoyo mysqld_safe[946]: 190115 09:53:40 mysqld_safe Logging to '/var/log/mysqld.log'. Jan 15 09:53:40 yoyo mysqld_safe[946]: 190115 09:53:40 mysqld_safe Starting mysqld daemon with databases from /var/lib/mysql Jan 15 09:53:42 yoyo systemd[1]: Started MySQL Community Server.

mysql重置密碼

方法一：
初次安裝使用mysql，root賬戶默認是沒設置密碼的，系統會給個臨時密碼，在/var/log/mysqld.log可以查看

[root@yoyo local]# grep ‘temporary password’ /var/log/mysqld.log

如下圖所示，出現的就是臨時密碼，復制出來就可以登錄mysql了

[root@yoyo local]# mysql -u root -p

看到Enter password: 輸入密碼，重置密碼后exit退出mysql

[root@yoyo local]# mysql -u root -p Enter password: Welcome to the MySQL monitor. ?Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 26 Server version: 5.6.42 MySQL Community Server (GPL)Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners.Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. # 重置密碼
mysql> update user set password = Password('root') where User = 'root';
# 回車后執行(刷新MySQL系統權限相關的表
mysql> flush privileges;
# 再執行exit退出： mysql> exit Bye [root@yoyo local]#

方法二：
要是上一步找不到臨時密碼，那就用此方法，先停掉mysql，以安全方式啟動

[root@yoyo local]# systemctl stop ?mysql.service

以安全方式啟動mysql:

[root@yoyo local]# /usr/bin/mysqld_safe —skip-grant-tables >/dev/null 2>&1 &

然后執行

[root@yoyo local]# ?/usr/bin/mysql -u root mysql

出現“mysql>”提示符后輸入：

mysql> update user set password = Password('root') where User = 'root'; 回車后執行(刷新MySQL系統權限相關的表)： mysql> flush privileges; 再執行exit退出： mysql> exit;

退出后，使用以下命令登陸mysql，試試是否成功：

[root@yoyo local]#mysql -u root -p

按提示輸入密碼：root

[root@yoyo local]# mysql -u root -p Enter password: Welcome to the MySQL monitor. ?Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 27 Server version: 5.6.42 MySQL Community Server (GPL)Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners.Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.mysql>

出現Welcome to the MySQL那就是登錄成功了

查看mysql端口號

mysql默認端口是3306，如何查看msyql端口號呢？可以用root賬號登錄后，執行show variables like ‘port’;

[root@yoyo local]# mysql -u root -p Enter password: Welcome to the MySQL monitor. ?Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 33 Server version: 5.6.42 MySQL Community Server (GPL)Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners.Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.mysql> show variables like 'port'; +---------------+-------+ | Variable_name | Value | +---------------+-------+ | port ? ? ? ? ?| 3306 ?| +---------------+-------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)mysql>

授權mysql遠程連接

mysql在linux上安裝完成后，為了方便的查看，可以在本地電腦上安裝一個遠程連接數據庫的客戶端，遠程連上mysql

方法一：
先創建一個root新用戶，登錄密碼為password，可以自己隨便命名

mysql> create user ‘root’@’%’ identified by ‘password’;

[root@yoyo sysconfig]# mysql -u root -p Enter password: Welcome to the MySQL monitor. ?Commands end with ; or \g.mysql> create user 'root'@'%' identified by 'password'; ? ERROR 1396 (HY000): Operation CREATE USER failed for 'root'@'%' mysql> exit

方法二：
查看user表，把host為localhost，user為root的記錄更新host為%就是允許遠程訪問了
操作mysql時候，先執行use mysql

[root@yoyo sysconfig]# mysql -u root -p Enter password: mysql> use mysql Reading table information for completion of table and column names You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A \Database changed mysql> select user,host,password from user; +-------+-----------+-------------------------------------------+ | user ?| host ? ? ?| password ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?| +-------+-----------+-------------------------------------------+ | root ?| yoyo ? ? ?| *81F5E21E35407D884A6CD4A731AEBFB6AF209E1B | | root ?| 127.0.0.1 | *81F5E21E35407D884A6CD4A731AEBFB6AF209E1B | | root ?| ::1 ? ? ? | *81F5E21E35407D884A6CD4A731AEBFB6AF209E1B | | ? ? ? | yoyo ? ? ?| ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? | | root1 | % ? ? ? ? | *668425423DB5193AF921380129F465A6425216D0 | | root ?| localhost | *2470C0C06DEE42FD1618BB99005ADCA2EC9D1E19 | +-------+-----------+-------------------------------------------+ 6 rows in set (0.00 sec)

如果看到root后面的host對應的是%說明有遠程訪問權限，顯示localhost就 update更新它，如何flush privileges刷新系統權限

mysql> use mysql mysql> update user set host = '%' where user = 'root'; ERROR 1062 (23000): Duplicate entry '%-root' for key 'PRIMARY' mysql> flush privileges; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)mysql> select user,host,password from user; +-------+-----------+-------------------------------------------+ | user ?| host ? ? ?| password ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?| +-------+-----------+-------------------------------------------+ | root ?| yoyo ? ? ?| *81F5E21E35407D884A6CD4A731AEBFB6AF209E1B | | root ?| 127.0.0.1 | *81F5E21E35407D884A6CD4A731AEBFB6AF209E1B | | root ?| ::1 ? ? ? | *81F5E21E35407D884A6CD4A731AEBFB6AF209E1B | | ? ? ? | yoyo ? ? ?| ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? | | root1 | % ? ? ? ? | *668425423DB5193AF921380129F465A6425216D0 | | root ?| % ? ? ? ? | *2470C0C06DEE42FD1618BB99005ADCA2EC9D1E19 | +-------+-----------+-------------------------------------------+ 6 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql> exit

方法三：

授權法,給root用戶遠程登錄的權限

# 想root使用123456從任何主機連接到mysql服務器的話 mysql> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'root'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY '123546' WITH GRANT OPTION;# 如果你想允許用戶root從ip為192.168.1.3的主機連接到mysql服務器，并使用123456作為密碼mysql> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'root'@'192.168.1.3' IDENTIFIED BY '123456' WITH GRANT OPTION;

接下來去阿里云ECS服務后臺安全組-添加規則，新增3306端口訪問權限，使用Navicat遠程工具就可以連上了

這里的賬號密碼就是前面方法一里面設置的“root” 和“password”

開啟與關閉服務

1啟動mysql

service mysqld start

2查看mysql運行狀態

service mysqld status ? ? # 或者 systemctl status ?mysql.service

3停掉mysql服務

service mysqld stop ? ? ? # 或者 ? systemctl stop ?mysql.service

4重啟mysql

systemctl restart ?mysql.service

5查看運行進程

ps -ef | grep mysqld

[root@yoyo sysconfig]# ps -ef | grep mysql mysql ? ? 2506 ? ? 1 ?0 12:51 ? ? ? ? ?00:00:00 /bin/sh /usr/bin/mysqld_safe --basedir=/usr mysql ? ? 2674 ?2506 ?0 12:51 ? ? ? ? ?00:00:00 /usr/sbin/mysqld --basedir=/usr --datadir=/var/lib/mysql --plugin-dir=/usr/lib64mysql/plugin --log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log --pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid --socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock root ? ? ?2748 ?1668 ?0 12:55 pts/0 ? ?00:00:00 grep --color=auto mysql

6查看mysql端口

netstat -tulpn |grep mysql

[root@yoyo sysconfig]# netstat -tulpn |grep mysql tcp6 ? ? ? 0 ? ? ?0 :::3306 ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? :::* ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?LISTEN ? ? ?2674/mysqld

遇到問題

啟動mysql的時候，出現Failed to start MySQL Community Server.具體報錯如下

[root@yoyo ~]# systemctl status mysql.service ● mysqld.service - MySQL Community ServerLoaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)Active: failed (Result: start-limit) since Mon 2019-01-14 20:31:27 CST; 13h agoProcess: 26800 ExecStartPost=/usr/bin/mysql-systemd-start post (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)Process: 26799 ExecStart=/usr/bin/mysqld_safe --basedir=/usr (code=exited, status=1/FAILURE)Process: 26786 ExecStartPre=/usr/bin/mysql-systemd-start pre (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)Main PID: 26799 (code=exited, status=1/FAILURE)Jan 14 20:31:27 yoyo systemd[1]: Failed to start MySQL Community Server. Jan 14 20:31:27 yoyo systemd[1]: Unit mysqld.service entered failed state. Jan 14 20:31:27 yoyo systemd[1]: mysqld.service failed. Jan 14 20:31:27 yoyo systemd[1]: mysqld.service holdoff time over, scheduling restart. Jan 14 20:31:27 yoyo systemd[1]: start request repeated too quickly for mysqld.service Jan 14 20:31:27 yoyo systemd[1]: Failed to start MySQL Community Server. Jan 14 20:31:27 yoyo systemd[1]: Unit mysqld.service entered failed state. Jan 14 20:31:27 yoyo systemd[1]: mysqld.service failed.

剛開始以為是哪里配置有問題，后來百度搜了下，reboot重啟linux服務器就解決了。

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