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gin 项目结构_Gin框架中文文档

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最近更新時間：2019-02-20

Gin 是一個 go 寫的 web 框架，具有高性能的優(yōu)點。官方地址：https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin

[TOC]

安裝

要安裝Gin包，首先需要安裝Go并設(shè)置Go工作區(qū)

1、下載并安裝

$ go get -u github.com/gin-gonic/gin

2、在代碼中導(dǎo)入它

import "github.com/gin-gonic/gin"

使用包管理工具Govendor安裝

1、go get govendor(安裝)

$ go get github.com/kardianos/govendor

2、創(chuàng)建項目文件夾并進入文件夾

GOPATH/src/github.com/myusername/project && cd "$_"

3、初始化項目并添加 gin

$ govendor init

4、復(fù)制一個模板到你的項目

5、運行項目

$ go run main.go

前提

使用gin需要Go的版本號為1.6或更高

快速入門

package main

import "github.com/gin-gonic/gin"

func main() {

r := gin.Default()

r.GET("/ping", func(c *gin.Context) {

c.JSON(200, gin.H{

"message": "pong",

})

r.Run() // listen and serve on 0.0.0.0:8080

}

代碼示例

使用 GET, POST, PUT, PATCH, DELETE, OPTIONS

func main() {

// Disable Console Color

// gin.DisableConsoleColor()

// 使用默認(rèn)中間件創(chuàng)建一個gin路由器

// logger and recovery (crash-free) 中間件

router := gin.Default()

router.GET("/someGet", getting)

router.POST("/somePost", posting)

router.PUT("/somePut", putting)

router.DELETE("/someDelete", deleting)

router.PATCH("/somePatch", patching)

router.HEAD("/someHead", head)

router.OPTIONS("/someOptions", options)

// 默認(rèn)啟動的是 8080端口，也可以自己定義啟動端口

router.Run()

// router.Run(":3000") for a hard coded port

}

獲取路徑中的參數(shù)

func main() {

router := gin.Default()

// 此規(guī)則能夠匹配/user/john這種格式，但不能匹配/user/ 或 /user這種格式

router.GET("/user/:name", func(c *gin.Context) {

name := c.Param("name")

c.String(http.StatusOK, "Hello %s", name)

})

// 但是，這個規(guī)則既能匹配/user/john/格式也能匹配/user/john/send這種格式

// 如果沒有其他路由器匹配/user/john，它將重定向到/user/john/

router.GET("/user/:name/*action", func(c *gin.Context) {

name := c.Param("name")

action := c.Param("action")

message := name + " is " + action

c.String(http.StatusOK, message)

})

router.Run(":8080")

}

獲取Get參數(shù)

func main() {

router := gin.Default()

// 匹配的url格式: /welcome?firstname=Jane&lastname=Doe

router.GET("/welcome", func(c *gin.Context) {

firstname := c.DefaultQuery("firstname", "Guest")

lastname := c.Query("lastname") // 是 c.Request.URL.Query().Get("lastname") 的簡寫

c.String(http.StatusOK, "Hello %s %s", firstname, lastname)

})

router.Run(":8080")

}

獲取Post參數(shù)

func main() {

router := gin.Default()

router.POST("/form_post", func(c *gin.Context) {

message := c.PostForm("message")

nick := c.DefaultPostForm("nick", "anonymous") // 此方法可以設(shè)置默認(rèn)值

c.JSON(200, gin.H{

"status": "posted",

"message": message,

"nick": nick,

})

router.Run(":8080")

}

Get + Post 混合

示例：

POST /post?id=1234&page=1 HTTP/1.1

Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded

name=manu&message=this_is_great

func main() {

router := gin.Default()

router.POST("/post", func(c *gin.Context) {

id := c.Query("id")

page := c.DefaultQuery("page", "0")

name := c.PostForm("name")

message := c.PostForm("message")

fmt.Printf("id: %s; page: %s; name: %s; message: %s", id, page, name, message)

})

router.Run(":8080")

}

結(jié)果：id: 1234; page: 1; name: manu; message: this_is_great

上傳文件

單文件上傳

上傳文件的文件名可以由用戶自定義，所以可能包含非法字符串，為了安全起見，應(yīng)該由服務(wù)端統(tǒng)一文件名規(guī)則

func main() {

router := gin.Default()

// 給表單限制上傳大小 (默認(rèn) 32 MiB)

// router.MaxMultipartMemory = 8 << 20 // 8 MiB

router.POST("/upload", func(c *gin.Context) {

// 單文件

file, _ := c.FormFile("file")

log.Println(file.Filename)

// 上傳文件到指定的路徑

// c.SaveUploadedFile(file, dst)

c.String(http.StatusOK, fmt.Sprintf("'%s' uploaded!", file.Filename))

})

router.Run(":8080")

}

curl 測試：

curl -X POST http://localhost:8080/upload \

-F "file=@/Users/appleboy/test.zip" \

-H "Content-Type: multipart/form-data"

多文件上傳

func main() {

router := gin.Default()

// 給表單限制上傳大小 (默認(rèn) 32 MiB)

// router.MaxMultipartMemory = 8 << 20 // 8 MiB

router.POST("/upload", func(c *gin.Context) {

// 多文件

form, _ := c.MultipartForm()

files := form.File["upload[]"]

for _, file := range files {

log.Println(file.Filename)

// 上傳文件到指定的路徑

// c.SaveUploadedFile(file, dst)

}

c.String(http.StatusOK, fmt.Sprintf("%d files uploaded!", len(files)))

})

router.Run(":8080")

}

curl 測試：

curl -X POST http://localhost:8080/upload \

-F "upload[]=@/Users/appleboy/test1.zip" \

-F "upload[]=@/Users/appleboy/test2.zip" \

-H "Content-Type: multipart/form-data"

路由分組

func main() {

router := gin.Default()

// Simple group: v1

v1 := router.Group("/v1")

{

v1.POST("/login", loginEndpoint)

v1.POST("/submit", submitEndpoint)

v1.POST("/read", readEndpoint)

}

// Simple group: v2

v2 := router.Group("/v2")

{

v2.POST("/login", loginEndpoint)

v2.POST("/submit", submitEndpoint)

v2.POST("/read", readEndpoint)

}

router.Run(":8080")

}

無中間件啟動

使用

r := gin.New()

代替

// 默認(rèn)啟動方式，包含 Logger、Recovery 中間件

r := gin.Default()

使用中間件

func main() {

// 創(chuàng)建一個不包含中間件的路由器

r := gin.New()

// 全局中間件

// 使用 Logger 中間件

r.Use(gin.Logger())

// 使用 Recovery 中間件

r.Use(gin.Recovery())

// 路由添加中間件，可以添加任意多個

r.GET("/benchmark", MyBenchLogger(), benchEndpoint)

// 路由組中添加中間件

// authorized := r.Group("/", AuthRequired())

// exactly the same as:

authorized := r.Group("/")

// per group middleware! in this case we use the custom created

// AuthRequired() middleware just in the "authorized" group.

authorized.Use(AuthRequired())

{

authorized.POST("/login", loginEndpoint)

authorized.POST("/submit", submitEndpoint)

authorized.POST("/read", readEndpoint)

// nested group

testing := authorized.Group("testing")

testing.GET("/analytics", analyticsEndpoint)

}

// Listen and serve on 0.0.0.0:8080

r.Run(":8080")

}

寫日志文件

func main() {

// 禁用控制臺顏色

gin.DisableConsoleColor()

// 創(chuàng)建記錄日志的文件

f, _ := os.Create("gin.log")

gin.DefaultWriter = io.MultiWriter(f)

// 如果需要將日志同時寫入文件和控制臺，請使用以下代碼

// gin.DefaultWriter = io.MultiWriter(f, os.Stdout)

router := gin.Default()

router.GET("/ping", func(c *gin.Context) {

c.String(200, "pong")

})

router.Run(":8080")

}

自定義日志格式

func main() {

router := gin.New()

// LoggerWithFormatter 中間件會將日志寫入 gin.DefaultWriter

// By default gin.DefaultWriter = os.Stdout

router.Use(gin.LoggerWithFormatter(func(param gin.LogFormatterParams) string {

// 你的自定義格式

return fmt.Sprintf("%s - [%s] \"%s %s %s %d %s \"%s\" %s\"\n",

param.ClientIP,

param.TimeStamp.Format(time.RFC1123),

param.Method,

param.Path,

param.Request.Proto,

param.StatusCode,

param.Latency,

param.Request.UserAgent(),

param.ErrorMessage,

)

}))

router.Use(gin.Recovery())

router.GET("/ping", func(c *gin.Context) {

c.String(200, "pong")

})

router.Run(":8080")

}

輸出示例：

::1 - [Fri, 07 Dec 2018 17:04:38 JST] "GET /ping HTTP/1.1 200 122.767μs "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_11_6) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/71.0.3578.80 Safari/537.36" "

模型綁定和驗證

若要將請求主體綁定到結(jié)構(gòu)體中，請使用模型綁定，目前支持JSON、XML、YAML和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)表單值(foo=bar&boo=baz)的綁定。

需要在綁定的字段上設(shè)置tag，比如，綁定格式為json，需要這樣設(shè)置 json:"fieldname" 。

此外，Gin還提供了兩套綁定方法：

Must bind

Methods - Bind, BindJSON, BindXML, BindQuery, BindYAML

Behavior - 這些方法底層使用 MustBindWith，如果存在綁定錯誤，請求將被以下指令中止 c.AbortWithError(400, err).SetType(ErrorTypeBind)，響應(yīng)狀態(tài)代碼會被設(shè)置為400，請求頭Content-Type被設(shè)置為text/plain; charset=utf-8。注意，如果你試圖在此之后設(shè)置響應(yīng)代碼，將會發(fā)出一個警告 [GIN-debug] [WARNING] Headers were already written. Wanted to override status code 400 with 422，如果你希望更好地控制行為，請使用ShouldBind相關(guān)的方法

Should bind

Methods - ShouldBind, ShouldBindJSON, ShouldBindXML, ShouldBindQuery, ShouldBindYAML

Behavior - 這些方法底層使用 ShouldBindWith，如果存在綁定錯誤，則返回錯誤，開發(fā)人員可以正確處理請求和錯誤。

當(dāng)我們使用綁定方法時，Gin會根據(jù)Content-Type推斷出使用哪種綁定器，如果你確定你綁定的是什么，你可以使用MustBindWith或者BindingWith。

你還可以給字段指定特定規(guī)則的修飾符，如果一個字段用binding:"required"修飾，并且在綁定時該字段的值為空，那么將返回一個錯誤。

// 綁定為json

type Login struct {

User string `form:"user" json:"user" xml:"user" binding:"required"`

Password string `form:"password" json:"password" xml:"password" binding:"required"`

}

func main() {

router := gin.Default()

// Example for binding JSON ({"user": "manu", "password": "123"})

router.POST("/loginJSON", func(c *gin.Context) {

var json Login

if err := c.ShouldBindJSON(&json); err != nil {

c.JSON(http.StatusBadRequest, gin.H{"error": err.Error()})

return

}

if json.User != "manu" || json.Password != "123" {

c.JSON(http.StatusUnauthorized, gin.H{"status": "unauthorized"})

return

}

c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"status": "you are logged in"})

})

// Example for binding XML (

// <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

// user

// 123

// )

router.POST("/loginXML", func(c *gin.Context) {

var xml Login

if err := c.ShouldBindXML(&xml); err != nil {

c.JSON(http.StatusBadRequest, gin.H{"error": err.Error()})

return

}

if xml.User != "manu" || xml.Password != "123" {

c.JSON(http.StatusUnauthorized, gin.H{"status": "unauthorized"})

return

}

c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"status": "you are logged in"})

})

// Example for binding a HTML form (user=manu&password=123)

router.POST("/loginForm", func(c *gin.Context) {

var form Login

// This will infer what binder to use depending on the content-type header.

if err := c.ShouldBind(&form); err != nil {

c.JSON(http.StatusBadRequest, gin.H{"error": err.Error()})

return

}

if form.User != "manu" || form.Password != "123" {

c.JSON(http.StatusUnauthorized, gin.H{"status": "unauthorized"})

return

}

c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"status": "you are logged in"})

})

// Listen and serve on 0.0.0.0:8080

router.Run(":8080")

}

請求示例：

$ curl -v -X POST \

http://localhost:8080/loginJSON \

-H 'content-type: application/json' \

-d '{ "user": "manu" }'

> POST /loginJSON HTTP/1.1

> Host: localhost:8080

> User-Agent: curl/7.51.0

> Accept: */*

> content-type: application/json

> Content-Length: 18

* upload completely sent off: 18 out of 18 bytes

< HTTP/1.1 400 Bad Request

< Content-Type: application/json; charset=utf-8

< Date: Fri, 04 Aug 2017 03:51:31 GMT

< Content-Length: 100

{"error":"Key: 'Login.Password' Error:Field validation for 'Password' failed on the 'required' tag"}

跳過驗證：

當(dāng)使用上面的curl命令運行上面的示例時，返回錯誤，因為示例中Password字段使用了binding:"required"，如果我們使用binding:"-"，那么它就不會報錯。

自定義驗證器

Gin允許我們自定義參數(shù)驗證器，參考1，參考2，參考3

package main

import (

"net/http"

"reflect"

"time"

"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"

"github.com/gin-gonic/gin/binding"

"gopkg.in/go-playground/validator.v8"

)

// Booking contains binded and validated data.

type Booking struct {

CheckIn time.Time `form:"check_in" binding:"required,bookabledate" time_format:"2006-01-02"`

CheckOut time.Time `form:"check_out" binding:"required,gtfield=CheckIn" time_format:"2006-01-02"`

}

func bookableDate(

v *validator.Validate, topStruct reflect.Value, currentStructOrField reflect.Value,

field reflect.Value, fieldType reflect.Type, fieldKind reflect.Kind, param string,

) bool {

if date, ok := field.Interface().(time.Time); ok {

today := time.Now()

if today.Year() > date.Year() || today.YearDay() > date.YearDay() {

return false

}

return true

}

func main() {

route := gin.Default()

if v, ok := binding.Validator.Engine().(*validator.Validate); ok {

v.RegisterValidation("bookabledate", bookableDate)

}

route.GET("/bookable", getBookable)

route.Run(":8085")

}

func getBookable(c *gin.Context) {

var b Booking

if err := c.ShouldBindWith(&b, binding.Query); err == nil {

c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"message": "Booking dates are valid!"})

} else {

c.JSON(http.StatusBadRequest, gin.H{"error": err.Error()})

}

$ curl "localhost:8085/bookable?check_in=2018-04-16&check_out=2018-04-17"

{"message":"Booking dates are valid!"}

$ curl "localhost:8085/bookable?check_in=2018-03-08&check_out=2018-03-09"

{"error":"Key: 'Booking.CheckIn' Error:Field validation for 'CheckIn' failed on the 'bookabledate' tag"}

只綁定Get參數(shù)

ShouldBindQuery 函數(shù)只綁定Get參數(shù)，不綁定post數(shù)據(jù)，查看詳細(xì)信息

package main

import (

"log"

"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"

)

type Person struct {

Name string `form:"name"`

Address string `form:"address"`

}

func main() {

route := gin.Default()

route.Any("/testing", startPage)

route.Run(":8085")

}

func startPage(c *gin.Context) {

var person Person

if c.ShouldBindQuery(&person) == nil {

log.Println("====== Only Bind By Query String ======")

log.Println(person.Name)

log.Println(person.Address)

}

c.String(200, "Success")

}

綁定Get參數(shù)或者Post參數(shù)

查看詳細(xì)信息，這個例子很有用，可以自己實踐一下

package main

import (

"log"

"time"

"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"

)

type Person struct {

Name string `form:"name"`

Address string `form:"address"`

Birthday time.Time `form:"birthday" time_format:"2006-01-02" time_utc:"1"`

}

func main() {

route := gin.Default()

route.GET("/testing", startPage)

route.Run(":8085")

}

func startPage(c *gin.Context) {

var person Person

// If `GET`, only `Form` binding engine (`query`) used.

// 如果是Get，那么接收不到請求中的Post的數(shù)據(jù)？？

// 如果是Post, 首先判斷 `content-type` 的類型 `JSON` or `XML`, 然后使用對應(yīng)的綁定器獲取數(shù)據(jù).

// See more at https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin/blob/master/binding/binding.go#L48

if c.ShouldBind(&person) == nil {

log.Println(person.Name)

log.Println(person.Address)

log.Println(person.Birthday)

}

c.String(200, "Success")

}

綁定uri

package main

import "github.com/gin-gonic/gin"

type Person struct {

ID string `uri:"id" binding:"required,uuid"`

Name string `uri:"name" binding:"required"`

}

func main() {

route := gin.Default()

route.GET("/:name/:id", func(c *gin.Context) {

var person Person

if err := c.ShouldBindUri(&person); err != nil {

c.JSON(400, gin.H{"msg": err})

return

}

c.JSON(200, gin.H{"name": person.Name, "uuid": person.ID})

})

route.Run(":8088")

}

測試用例：

$ curl -v localhost:8088/thinkerou/987fbc97-4bed-5078-9f07-9141ba07c9f3

$ curl -v localhost:8088/thinkerou/not-uuid

綁定HTML復(fù)選框

main.go

...

type myForm struct {

Colors []string `form:"colors[]"`

}

...

func formHandler(c *gin.Context) {

var fakeForm myForm

c.ShouldBind(&fakeForm)

c.JSON(200, gin.H{"color": fakeForm.Colors})

}

...

form.html

Check some colors

Red

Green

Blue

result:

{"color":["red","green","blue"]}

綁定Post參數(shù)

package main

import (

"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"

)

type LoginForm struct {

User string `form:"user" binding:"required"`

Password string `form:"password" binding:"required"`

}

func main() {

router := gin.Default()

router.POST("/login", func(c *gin.Context) {

// you can bind multipart form with explicit binding declaration:

// c.ShouldBindWith(&form, binding.Form)

// or you can simply use autobinding with ShouldBind method:

var form LoginForm

// in this case proper binding will be automatically selected

if c.ShouldBind(&form) == nil {

if form.User == "user" && form.Password == "password" {

c.JSON(200, gin.H{"status": "you are logged in"})

} else {

c.JSON(401, gin.H{"status": "unauthorized"})

}

})

router.Run(":8080")

}

測試用例：

$ curl -v --form user=user --form password=password http://localhost:8080/login

XML、JSON、YAML和ProtoBuf 渲染(輸出格式)

即接口返回的數(shù)據(jù)格式

func main() {

r := gin.Default()

// gin.H is a shortcut for map[string]interface{}

r.GET("/someJSON", func(c *gin.Context) {

c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"message": "hey", "status": http.StatusOK})

})

r.GET("/moreJSON", func(c *gin.Context) {

// You also can use a struct

var msg struct {

Name string `json:"user"`

Message string

Number int

}

msg.Name = "Lena"

msg.Message = "hey"

msg.Number = 123

// Note that msg.Name becomes "user" in the JSON

// Will output : {"user": "Lena", "Message": "hey", "Number": 123}

c.JSON(http.StatusOK, msg)

})

r.GET("/someXML", func(c *gin.Context) {

c.XML(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"message": "hey", "status": http.StatusOK})

})

r.GET("/someYAML", func(c *gin.Context) {

c.YAML(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"message": "hey", "status": http.StatusOK})

})

r.GET("/someProtoBuf", func(c *gin.Context) {

reps := []int64{int64(1), int64(2)}

label := "test"

// The specific definition of protobuf is written in the testdata/protoexample file.

data := &protoexample.Test{

Label: &label,

Reps: reps,

}

// Note that data becomes binary data in the response

// Will output protoexample.Test protobuf serialized data

c.ProtoBuf(http.StatusOK, data)

})

// Listen and serve on 0.0.0.0:8080

r.Run(":8080")

}

SecureJSON

使用SecureJSON可以防止json劫持，如果返回的數(shù)據(jù)是數(shù)組，則會默認(rèn)在返回值前加上"while(1)"

func main() {

r := gin.Default()

// 可以自定義返回的json數(shù)據(jù)前綴

// r.SecureJsonPrefix(")]}',\n")

r.GET("/someJSON", func(c *gin.Context) {

names := []string{"lena", "austin", "foo"}

// 將會輸出: while(1);["lena","austin","foo"]

c.SecureJSON(http.StatusOK, names)

})

// Listen and serve on 0.0.0.0:8080

r.Run(":8080")

}

JSONP

使用JSONP可以跨域傳輸，如果參數(shù)中存在回調(diào)參數(shù)，那么返回的參數(shù)將是回調(diào)函數(shù)的形式

func main() {

r := gin.Default()

r.GET("/JSONP", func(c *gin.Context) {

data := map[string]interface{}{

"foo": "bar",

}

// 訪問 http://localhost:8080/JSONP?callback=call

// 將會輸出: call({foo:"bar"})

c.JSONP(http.StatusOK, data)

})

// Listen and serve on 0.0.0.0:8080

r.Run(":8080")

}

AsciiJSON

使用AsciiJSON將使特殊字符編碼

func main() {

r := gin.Default()

r.GET("/someJSON", func(c *gin.Context) {

data := map[string]interface{}{

"lang": "GO語言",

"tag": "
",

}

// 將輸出: {"lang":"GO\u8bed\u8a00","tag":"\u003cbr\u003e"}

c.AsciiJSON(http.StatusOK, data)

})

// Listen and serve on 0.0.0.0:8080

r.Run(":8080")

}

PureJSON

通常情況下，JSON會將特殊的HTML字符替換為對應(yīng)的unicode字符，比如

func main() {

r := gin.Default()

// Serves unicode entities

r.GET("/json", func(c *gin.Context) {

c.JSON(200, gin.H{

"html": "Hello, world!",

})

// Serves literal characters

r.GET("/purejson", func(c *gin.Context) {

c.PureJSON(200, gin.H{

"html": "Hello, world!",

})

// listen and serve on 0.0.0.0:8080

r.Run(":8080")

}

設(shè)置靜態(tài)文件路徑

訪問靜態(tài)文件需要先設(shè)置路徑

func main() {

router := gin.Default()

router.Static("/assets", "./assets")

router.StaticFS("/more_static", http.Dir("my_file_system"))

router.StaticFile("/favicon.ico", "./resources/favicon.ico")

// Listen and serve on 0.0.0.0:8080

router.Run(":8080")

}

返回第三方獲取的數(shù)據(jù)

func main() {

router := gin.Default()

router.GET("/someDataFromReader", func(c *gin.Context) {

response, err := http.Get("https://raw.githubusercontent.com/gin-gonic/logo/master/color.png")

if err != nil || response.StatusCode != http.StatusOK {

c.Status(http.StatusServiceUnavailable)

return

}

reader := response.Body

contentLength := response.ContentLength

contentType := response.Header.Get("Content-Type")

extraHeaders := map[string]string{

"Content-Disposition": `attachment; filename="gopher.png"`,

}

c.DataFromReader(http.StatusOK, contentLength, contentType, reader, extraHeaders)

})

router.Run(":8080")

}

HTML渲染

使用LoadHTMLGlob() 或者 LoadHTMLFiles()

func main() {

router := gin.Default()

router.LoadHTMLGlob("templates/*")

//router.LoadHTMLFiles("templates/template1.html", "templates/template2.html")

router.GET("/index", func(c *gin.Context) {

c.HTML(http.StatusOK, "index.tmpl", gin.H{

"title": "Main website",

})

router.Run(":8080")

}

templates/index.tmpl

在不同目錄中使用具有相同名稱的模板

func main() {

router := gin.Default()

router.LoadHTMLGlob("templates/**/*")

router.GET("/posts/index", func(c *gin.Context) {

c.HTML(http.StatusOK, "posts/index.tmpl", gin.H{

"title": "Posts",

})

router.GET("/users/index", func(c *gin.Context) {

c.HTML(http.StatusOK, "users/index.tmpl", gin.H{

"title": "Users",

})

router.Run(":8080")

}

templates/posts/index.tmpl

Using posts/index.tmpl

templates/users/index.tmpl

Using users/index.tmpl

自定義模板渲染器

import "html/template"

func main() {

router := gin.Default()

html := template.Must(template.ParseFiles("file1", "file2"))

router.SetHTMLTemplate(html)

router.Run(":8080")

}

自定義渲染分隔符

r := gin.Default()

r.Delims("{[{", "}]}")

r.LoadHTMLGlob("/path/to/templates")

自定義模板函數(shù)

main.go

import (

"fmt"

"html/template"

"net/http"

"time"

"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"

)

func formatAsDate(t time.Time) string {

year, month, day := t.Date()

return fmt.Sprintf("%d%02d/%02d", year, month, day)

}

func main() {

router := gin.Default()

router.Delims("{[{", "}]}")

router.SetFuncMap(template.FuncMap{

"formatAsDate": formatAsDate,

})

router.LoadHTMLFiles("./testdata/template/raw.tmpl")

router.GET("/raw", func(c *gin.Context) {

c.HTML(http.StatusOK, "raw.tmpl", map[string]interface{}{

"now": time.Date(2017, 07, 01, 0, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC),

})

router.Run(":8080")

}

raw.tmpl

然后就可以在html中直接使用formatAsDate函數(shù)了

Date: {[{.now | formatAsDate}]}

Result:

Date: 2017/07/01

多個模板文件

Gin默認(rèn)情況下只允許使用一個html模板文件(即一次可以加載多個模板文件)，點擊這里查看實現(xiàn)案例

重定向

發(fā)布HTTP重定向很容易，支持內(nèi)部和外部鏈接

r.GET("/test", func(c *gin.Context) {

c.Redirect(http.StatusMovedPermanently, "http://www.google.com/")

})

Gin路由重定向，使用如下的HandleContext

r.GET("/test", func(c *gin.Context) {

c.Request.URL.Path = "/test2"

r.HandleContext(c)

})

r.GET("/test2", func(c *gin.Context) {

c.JSON(200, gin.H{"hello": "world"})

})

自定義中間件

func Logger() gin.HandlerFunc {

return func(c *gin.Context) {

t := time.Now()

// Set example variable

c.Set("example", "12345")

// before request

c.Next()

// after request

latency := time.Since(t)

log.Print(latency)

// access the status we are sending

status := c.Writer.Status()

log.Println(status)

}

func main() {

r := gin.New()

r.Use(Logger())

r.GET("/test", func(c *gin.Context) {

example := c.MustGet("example").(string)

// it would print: "12345"

log.Println(example)

})

// Listen and serve on 0.0.0.0:8080

r.Run(":8080")

}

使用BasicAuth()(驗證)中間件

// simulate some private data

var secrets = gin.H{

"foo": gin.H{"email": "foo@bar.com", "phone": "123433"},

"austin": gin.H{"email": "austin@example.com", "phone": "666"},

"lena": gin.H{"email": "lena@guapa.com", "phone": "523443"},

}

func main() {

r := gin.Default()

// Group using gin.BasicAuth() middleware

// gin.Accounts is a shortcut for map[string]string

authorized := r.Group("/admin", gin.BasicAuth(gin.Accounts{

"foo": "bar",

"austin": "1234",

"lena": "hello2",

"manu": "4321",

}))

// /admin/secrets endpoint

// hit "localhost:8080/admin/secrets

authorized.GET("/secrets", func(c *gin.Context) {

// get user, it was set by the BasicAuth middleware

user := c.MustGet(gin.AuthUserKey).(string)

if secret, ok := secrets[user]; ok {

c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"user": user, "secret": secret})

} else {

c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"user": user, "secret": "NO SECRET :("})

}

})

// Listen and serve on 0.0.0.0:8080

r.Run(":8080")

}

中間件中使用Goroutines

在中間件或處理程序中啟動新的Goroutines時，你不應(yīng)該使用其中的原始上下文，你必須使用只讀副本(c.Copy())

func main() {

r := gin.Default()

r.GET("/long_async", func(c *gin.Context) {

// 創(chuàng)建要在goroutine中使用的副本

cCp := c.Copy()

go func() {

// simulate a long task with time.Sleep(). 5 seconds

time.Sleep(5 * time.Second)

// 這里使用你創(chuàng)建的副本

log.Println("Done! in path " + cCp.Request.URL.Path)

}()

})

r.GET("/long_sync", func(c *gin.Context) {

// simulate a long task with time.Sleep(). 5 seconds

time.Sleep(5 * time.Second)

// 這里沒有使用goroutine，所以不用使用副本

log.Println("Done! in path " + c.Request.URL.Path)

})

// Listen and serve on 0.0.0.0:8080

r.Run(":8080")

}

自定義HTTP配置

直接像這樣使用http.ListenAndServe()

func main() {

router := gin.Default()

http.ListenAndServe(":8080", router)

}

或者

func main() {

router := gin.Default()

s := &http.Server{

Addr: ":8080",

Handler: router,

ReadTimeout: 10 * time.Second,

WriteTimeout: 10 * time.Second,

MaxHeaderBytes: 1 << 20,

}

s.ListenAndServe()

}

支持Let's Encrypt證書

1行代碼實現(xiàn)LetsEncrypt HTTPS服務(wù)器

package main

import (

"log"

"github.com/gin-gonic/autotls"

"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"

)

func main() {

r := gin.Default()

// Ping handler

r.GET("/ping", func(c *gin.Context) {

c.String(200, "pong")

})

log.Fatal(autotls.Run(r, "example1.com", "example2.com"))

}

自定義autocert管理器的示例

package main

import (

"log"

"github.com/gin-gonic/autotls"

"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"

"golang.org/x/crypto/acme/autocert"

)

func main() {

r := gin.Default()

// Ping handler

r.GET("/ping", func(c *gin.Context) {

c.String(200, "pong")

})

m := autocert.Manager{

Prompt: autocert.AcceptTOS,

HostPolicy: autocert.HostWhitelist("example1.com", "example2.com"),

Cache: autocert.DirCache("/var/www/.cache"),

}

log.Fatal(autotls.RunWithManager(r, &m))

}

Gin運行多個服務(wù)

請參閱問題并嘗試以下示例

package main

import (

"log"

"net/http"

"time"

"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"

"golang.org/x/sync/errgroup"

)

var (

g errgroup.Group

)

func router01() http.Handler {

e := gin.New()

e.Use(gin.Recovery())

e.GET("/", func(c *gin.Context) {

c.JSON(

http.StatusOK,

gin.H{

"code": http.StatusOK,

"error": "Welcome server 01",

)

})

return e

}

func router02() http.Handler {

e := gin.New()

e.Use(gin.Recovery())

e.GET("/", func(c *gin.Context) {

c.JSON(

http.StatusOK,

gin.H{

"code": http.StatusOK,

"error": "Welcome server 02",

)

})

return e

}

func main() {

server01 := &http.Server{

Addr: ":8080",

Handler: router01(),

ReadTimeout: 5 * time.Second,

WriteTimeout: 10 * time.Second,

}

server02 := &http.Server{

Addr: ":8081",

Handler: router02(),

ReadTimeout: 5 * time.Second,

WriteTimeout: 10 * time.Second,

}

g.Go(func() error {

return server01.ListenAndServe()

})

g.Go(func() error {

return server02.ListenAndServe()

})

if err := g.Wait(); err != nil {

log.Fatal(err)

}

優(yōu)雅重啟或停止

想要優(yōu)雅地重啟或停止你的Web服務(wù)器，使用下面的方法

我們可以使用fvbock/endless來替換默認(rèn)的ListenAndServe，有關(guān)詳細(xì)信息，請參閱問題＃296

router := gin.Default()

router.GET("/", handler)

// [...]

endless.ListenAndServe(":4242", router)

一個替換方案

manners：一個Go HTTP服務(wù)器，能優(yōu)雅的關(guān)閉

graceful：Graceful是一個go的包，支持優(yōu)雅地關(guān)閉http.Handler服務(wù)器

grace：對Go服務(wù)器進行優(yōu)雅的重啟和零停機部署

如果你的Go版本是1.8，你可能不需要使用這個庫，考慮使用http.Server內(nèi)置的Shutdown()方法進行優(yōu)雅關(guān)閉，查看例子

// +build go1.8

package main

import (

"context"

"log"

"net/http"

"os"

"os/signal"

"time"

"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"

)

func main() {

router := gin.Default()

router.GET("/", func(c *gin.Context) {

time.Sleep(5 * time.Second)

c.String(http.StatusOK, "Welcome Gin Server")

})

srv := &http.Server{

Addr: ":8080",

Handler: router,

}

go func() {

// service connections

if err := srv.ListenAndServe(); err != nil && err != http.ErrServerClosed {

log.Fatalf("listen: %s\n", err)

}

}()

// Wait for interrupt signal to gracefully shutdown the server with

// a timeout of 5 seconds.

quit := make(chan os.Signal)

signal.Notify(quit, os.Interrupt)

log.Println("Shutdown Server ...")

ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 5*time.Second)

defer cancel()

if err := srv.Shutdown(ctx); err != nil {

log.Fatal("Server Shutdown:", err)

}

log.Println("Server exiting")

}

構(gòu)建包含模板的二進制文件

你可以使用go-assets將服務(wù)器構(gòu)建成一個包含模板的二進制文件

func main() {

r := gin.New()

t, err := loadTemplate()

if err != nil {

panic(err)

}

r.SetHTMLTemplate(t)

r.GET("/", func(c *gin.Context) {

c.HTML(http.StatusOK, "/html/index.tmpl",nil)

})

r.Run(":8080")

}

// loadTemplate loads templates embedded by go-assets-builder

func loadTemplate() (*template.Template, error) {

t := template.New("")

for name, file := range Assets.Files {

if file.IsDir() || !strings.HasSuffix(name, ".tmpl") {

continue

}

h, err := ioutil.ReadAll(file)

if err != nil {

return nil, err

}

t, err = t.New(name).Parse(string(h))

if err != nil {

return nil, err

}

return t, nil

}

請參見examples/assets-in-binary目錄中的例子

使用自定義結(jié)構(gòu)綁定表單數(shù)據(jù)

以下示例使用自定義結(jié)構(gòu)

type StructA struct {

FieldA string `form:"field_a"`

}

type StructB struct {

NestedStruct StructA

FieldB string `form:"field_b"`

}

type StructC struct {

NestedStructPointer *StructA

FieldC string `form:"field_c"`

}

type StructD struct {

NestedAnonyStruct struct {

FieldX string `form:"field_x"`

}

FieldD string `form:"field_d"`

}

func GetDataB(c *gin.Context) {

var b StructB

c.Bind(&b)

c.JSON(200, gin.H{

"a": b.NestedStruct,

"b": b.FieldB,

})

}

func GetDataC(c *gin.Context) {

var b StructC

c.Bind(&b)

c.JSON(200, gin.H{

"a": b.NestedStructPointer,

"c": b.FieldC,

})

}

func GetDataD(c *gin.Context) {

var b StructD

c.Bind(&b)

c.JSON(200, gin.H{

"x": b.NestedAnonyStruct,

"d": b.FieldD,

})

}

func main() {

r := gin.Default()

r.GET("/getb", GetDataB)

r.GET("/getc", GetDataC)

r.GET("/getd", GetDataD)

r.Run()

}

運行示例：

$ curl "http://localhost:8080/getb?field_a=hello&field_b=world"

{"a":{"FieldA":"hello"},"b":"world"}

$ curl "http://localhost:8080/getc?field_a=hello&field_c=world"

{"a":{"FieldA":"hello"},"c":"world"}

$ curl "http://localhost:8080/getd?field_x=hello&field_d=world"

{"d":"world","x":{"FieldX":"hello"}}

注意：不支持以下樣式結(jié)構(gòu)

type StructX struct {

X struct {} `form:"name_x"` // HERE have form

}

type StructY struct {

Y StructX `form:"name_y"` // HERE have form

}

type StructZ struct {

Z *StructZ `form:"name_z"` // HERE have form

}

總之，現(xiàn)在只支持現(xiàn)在沒有form標(biāo)簽的自定義結(jié)構(gòu)

將請求體綁定到不同的結(jié)構(gòu)體中

綁定請求體的常規(guī)方法使用c.Request.Body，并且不能多次調(diào)用

type formA struct {

Foo string `json:"foo" xml:"foo" binding:"required"`

}

type formB struct {

Bar string `json:"bar" xml:"bar" binding:"required"`

}

func SomeHandler(c *gin.Context) {

objA := formA{}

objB := formB{}

// This c.ShouldBind consumes c.Request.Body and it cannot be reused.

if errA := c.ShouldBind(&objA); errA == nil {

c.String(http.StatusOK, `the body should be formA`)

// Always an error is occurred by this because c.Request.Body is EOF now.

} else if errB := c.ShouldBind(&objB); errB == nil {

c.String(http.StatusOK, `the body should be formB`)

} else {

...

}

同樣，你能使用c.ShouldBindBodyWith

func SomeHandler(c *gin.Context) {

objA := formA{}

objB := formB{}

// This reads c.Request.Body and stores the result into the context.

if errA := c.ShouldBindBodyWith(&objA, binding.JSON); errA == nil {

c.String(http.StatusOK, `the body should be formA`)

// At this time, it reuses body stored in the context.

} else if errB := c.ShouldBindBodyWith(&objB, binding.JSON); errB == nil {

c.String(http.StatusOK, `the body should be formB JSON`)

// And it can accepts other formats

} else if errB2 := c.ShouldBindBodyWith(&objB, binding.XML); errB2 == nil {

c.String(http.StatusOK, `the body should be formB XML`)

} else {

...

}

c.ShouldBindBodyWith 在綁定之前將body存儲到上下文中，這對性能有輕微影響，因此如果你要立即調(diào)用，則不應(yīng)使用此方法

此功能僅適用于這些格式 -- JSON, XML, MsgPack, ProtoBuf。對于其他格式，Query, Form, FormPost, FormMultipart, 可以被c.ShouldBind()多次調(diào)用而不影響性能(參考 #1341)

HTTP/2 服務(wù)器推送

http.Pusher只支持Go 1.8或更高版本，有關(guān)詳細(xì)信息，請參閱golang博客

package main

import (

"html/template"

"log"

"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"

)

var html = template.Must(template.New("https").Parse(`

Https Test

Welcome, Ginner!

`))

func main() {

r := gin.Default()

r.Static("/assets", "./assets")

r.SetHTMLTemplate(html)

r.GET("/", func(c *gin.Context) {

if pusher := c.Writer.Pusher(); pusher != nil {

// use pusher.Push() to do server push

if err := pusher.Push("/assets/app.js", nil); err != nil {

log.Printf("Failed to push: %v", err)

}

c.HTML(200, "https", gin.H{

"status": "success",

})

// Listen and Server in https://127.0.0.1:8080

r.RunTLS(":8080", "./testdata/server.pem", "./testdata/server.key")

}

自定義路由日志的格式

默認(rèn)的路由日志是這樣的：

[GIN-debug] POST /foo --> main.main.func1 (3 handlers)

[GIN-debug] GET /bar --> main.main.func2 (3 handlers)

[GIN-debug] GET /status --> main.main.func3 (3 handlers)

如果你想以給定的格式記錄這些信息(例如 JSON，鍵值對或其他格式)，你可以使用gin.DebugPrintRouteFunc來定義格式，在下面的示例中，我們使用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)日志包記錄路由日志，你可以使用其他適合你需求的日志工具

import (

"log"

"net/http"

"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"

)

func main() {

r := gin.Default()

gin.DebugPrintRouteFunc = func(httpMethod, absolutePath, handlerName string, nuHandlers int) {

log.Printf("endpoint %v %v %v %v\n", httpMethod, absolutePath, handlerName, nuHandlers)

}

r.POST("/foo", func(c *gin.Context) {

c.JSON(http.StatusOK, "foo")

})

r.GET("/bar", func(c *gin.Context) {

c.JSON(http.StatusOK, "bar")

})

r.GET("/status", func(c *gin.Context) {

c.JSON(http.StatusOK, "ok")

})

// Listen and Server in http://0.0.0.0:8080

r.Run()

}

設(shè)置并獲取cookie

import (

"fmt"

"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"

)

func main() {

router := gin.Default()

router.GET("/cookie", func(c *gin.Context) {

cookie, err := c.Cookie("gin_cookie")

if err != nil {

cookie = "NotSet"

c.SetCookie("gin_cookie", "test", 3600, "/", "localhost", false, true)

}

fmt.Printf("Cookie value: %s \n", cookie)

})

router.Run()

}

測試

net/http/httptest包是http測試的首選方式

package main

func setupRouter() *gin.Engine {

r := gin.Default()

r.GET("/ping", func(c *gin.Context) {

c.String(200, "pong")

})

return r

}

func main() {

r := setupRouter()

r.Run(":8080")

}

測試上面的示例代碼

package main

import (

"net/http"

"net/http/httptest"

"testing"

"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"

)

func TestPingRoute(t *testing.T) {

router := setupRouter()

w := httptest.NewRecorder()

req, _ := http.NewRequest("GET", "/ping", nil)

router.ServeHTTP(w, req)

assert.Equal(t, 200, w.Code)

assert.Equal(t, "pong", w.Body.String())

}

用戶

以下是使用Gin的一些用戶

drone: Drone is a Continuous Delivery platform built on Docker, written in Go.

gorush: A push notification server written in Go.

fnproject: The container native, cloud agnostic serverless platform.

photoprism: Personal photo management powered by Go and Google TensorFlow.

krakend: Ultra performant API Gateway with middlewares.

picfit: An image resizing server written in Go.

總結(jié)

以上是生活随笔為你收集整理的gin 项目结构_Gin框架中文文档的全部內(nèi)容，希望文章能夠幫你解決所遇到的問題。

如果覺得生活随笔網(wǎng)站內(nèi)容還不錯，歡迎將生活随笔推薦給好友。

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