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oracle数据库函数手册,Oracle分析函数参考手册（转）

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22/06/2005 12:22 FP

Oracle從8.1.6開始提供分析函數，分析函數用于計算基于組的某種聚合值，它和聚合函數的不同之處是對于每個組返回多行，而聚合函數對于每個組只返回一行。

下面例子中使用的表來自Oracle自帶的HR用戶下的表，如果沒有安裝該用戶，可以在SYS用戶下運行$ORACLE_HOME/demo/schema/human_resources/hr_main.sql來創建。

本文如果未指明，缺省是在HR用戶下運行例子。

開窗函數的的理解：

開窗函數指定了分析函數工作的數據窗口大小，這個數據窗口大小可能會隨著行的變化而變化，舉例如下：

over(order by salary) 按照salary排序進行累計，order by是個默認的開窗函數

over(partition by deptno)按照部門分區

over(order by salary range between 50 preceding and 150 following)

每行對應的數據窗口是之前行幅度值不超過50，之后行幅度值不超過150

over(order by salary rows between 50 preceding and 150 following)

每行對應的數據窗口是之前50行，之后150行

over(order by salary rows between unbounded preceding and unbounded following)

每行對應的數據窗口是從第一行到最后一行，等效：

over(order by salary range between unbounded preceding and unbounded following)

主要參考資料：《expert one-on-one》 Tom Kyte 《Oracle9i SQL Reference》第6章

AVG

功能描述：用于計算一個組和數據窗口內表達式的平均值。

SAMPLE：下面的例子中列c_mavg計算員工表中每個員工的平均薪水報告，該平均值由當前員工和與之具有相同經理的前一個和后一個三者的平均數得來；

SELECT manager_id, last_name, hire_date, salary,

AVG(salary) OVER (PARTITION BY manager_id ORDER BY hire_date

ROWS BETWEEN 1 PRECEDING AND 1 FOLLOWING) AS c_mavg

FROM employees;

MANAGER_ID LAST_NAME HIRE_DATE SALARY C_MAVG

---------- ------------------------- --------- ---------- ----------

100 Kochhar 21-SEP-89 17000 17000

100 De Haan 13-JAN-93 17000 15000

100 Raphaely 07-DEC-94 11000 11966.6667

100 Kaufling 01-MAY-95 7900 10633.3333

100 Hartstein 17-FEB-96 13000 9633.33333

100 Weiss 18-JUL-96 8000 11666.6667

100 Russell 01-OCT-96 14000 11833.3333

CORR

功能描述：返回一對表達式的相關系數，它是如下的縮寫：

COVAR_POP(expr1,expr2)/STDDEV_POP(expr1)*STDDEV_POP(expr2))

從統計上講，相關性是變量之間關聯的強度，變量之間的關聯意味著在某種程度

上一個變量的值可由其它的值進行預測。通過返回一個-1~1之間的一個數, 相關

系數給出了關聯的強度，0表示不相關。

SAMPLE：下例返回1998年月銷售收入和月單位銷售的關系的累積系數(本例在SH用戶下運行)

SELECT t.calendar_month_number,

CORR (SUM(s.amount_sold), SUM(s.quantity_sold))

OVER (ORDER BY t.calendar_month_number) as CUM_CORR

FROM sales s, times t

WHERE s.time_id = t.time_id AND calendar_year = 1998

GROUP BY t.calendar_month_number

ORDER BY t.calendar_month_number;

CALENDAR_MONTH_NUMBER CUM_CORR

--------------------- ----------

2 1

3 .994309382

4 .852040875

5 .846652204

6 .871250628

7 .910029803

8 .917556399

9 .920154356

10 .86720251

11 .844864765

12 .903542662

COVAR_POP

功能描述：返回一對表達式的總體協方差。

SAMPLE：下例CUM_COVP返回定價和最小產品價格的累積總體協方差

SELECT product_id, supplier_id,

COVAR_POP(list_price, min_price)

OVER (ORDER BY product_id, supplier_id) AS CUM_COVP,

COVAR_SAMP(list_price, min_price)

OVER (ORDER BY product_id, supplier_id) AS CUM_COVS

FROM product_information p

WHERE category_id = 29

ORDER BY product_id, supplier_id;

PRODUCT_ID SUPPLIER_ID CUM_COVP CUM_COVS

---------- ----------- ---------- ----------

1774 103088 0

1775 103087 1473.25 2946.5

1794 103096 1702.77778 2554.16667

1825 103093 1926.25 2568.33333

2004 103086 1591.4 1989.25

2005 103086 1512.5 1815

2416 103088 1475.97959 1721.97619

COVAR_SAMP

功能描述：返回一對表達式的樣本協方差

SAMPLE：下例CUM_COVS返回定價和最小產品價格的累積樣本協方差

SELECT product_id, supplier_id,

COVAR_POP(list_price, min_price)

OVER (ORDER BY product_id, supplier_id) AS CUM_COVP,

COVAR_SAMP(list_price, min_price)

OVER (ORDER BY product_id, supplier_id) AS CUM_COVS

FROM product_information p

WHERE category_id = 29

ORDER BY product_id, supplier_id;

PRODUCT_ID SUPPLIER_ID CUM_COVP CUM_COVS

---------- ----------- ---------- ----------

1774 103088 0

1775 103087 1473.25 2946.5

1794 103096 1702.77778 2554.16667

1825 103093 1926.25 2568.33333

2004 103086 1591.4 1989.25

2005 103086 1512.5 1815

2416 103088 1475.97959 1721.97619

COUNT

功能描述：對一組內發生的事情進行累積計數，如果指定*或一些非空常數，count將對所有行計數，如果指定一個表達式，count返回表達式非空賦值的計數，當有相同值出現時，這些相等的值都會被納入被計算的值；可以使用DISTINCT來記錄去掉一組中完全相同的數據后出現的行數。

SAMPLE：下面例子中計算每個員工在按薪水排序中當前行附近薪水在[n-50,n+150]之間的行數，n表示當前行的薪水

例如，Philtanker的薪水2200，排在他之前的行中薪水大于等于2200-50的有1行，排在他之后的行中薪水小于等于2200＋150的行沒有，所以count計數值cnt3為2(包括自己當前行)；cnt2值相當于小于等于當前行的SALARY值的所有行數

SELECT last_name, salary, COUNT(*) OVER () AS cnt1,

COUNT(*) OVER (ORDER BY salary) AS cnt2,

COUNT(*) OVER (ORDER BY salary RANGE BETWEEN 50 PRECEDING

AND 150 FOLLOWING) AS cnt3 FROM employees;

LAST_NAME SALARY CNT1 CNT2 CNT3

------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

Olson 2100 107 1 3

Markle 2200 107 3 2

Philtanker 2200 107 3 2

Landry 2400 107 5 8

Gee 2400 107 5 8

Colmenares 2500 107 11 10

Patel 2500 107 11 10

CUME_DIST

功能描述：計算一行在組中的相對位置，CUME_DIST總是返回大于0、小于或等于1的數，該數表示該行在N行中的位置。例如，在一個3行的組中，返回的累計分布值為1/3、2/3、3/3

SAMPLE：下例中計算每個工種的員工按薪水排序依次累積出現的分布百分比

SELECT job_id, last_name, salary, CUME_DIST()

OVER (PARTITION BY job_id ORDER BY salary) AS cume_dist

FROM employees WHERE job_id LIKE 'PU%';

JOB_ID LAST_NAME SALARY CUME_DIST

---------- ------------------------- ---------- ----------

PU_CLERK Colmenares 2500 .2

PU_CLERK Himuro 2600 .4

PU_CLERK Tobias 2800 .6

PU_CLERK Baida 2900 .8

PU_CLERK Khoo 3100 1

PU_MAN Raphaely 11000 1

DENSE_RANK

功能描述：根據ORDER BY子句中表達式的值，從查詢返回的每一行，計算它們與其它行的相對位置。組內的數據按ORDER BY子句排序，然后給每一行賦一個號，從而形成一個序列，該序列從1開始，往后累加。每次ORDER BY表達式的值發生變化時，該序列也隨之增加。有同樣值的行得到同樣的數字序號(認為null時相等的)。密集的序列返回的時沒有間隔的數

SAMPLE：下例中計算每個員工按部門分區再按薪水排序，依次出現的序列號(注意與RANK函數的區別)

SELECT d.department_id , e.last_name, e.salary, DENSE_RANK()

OVER (PARTITION BY e.department_id ORDER BY e.salary) as drank

FROM employees e, departments d

WHERE e.department_id = d.department_id

AND d.department_id IN ('60', '90');

DEPARTMENT_ID LAST_NAME SALARY DRANK

------------- ------------------------- ---------- ----------

60 Lorentz 4200 1

60 Austin 4800 2

60 Pataballa 4800 2

60 Ernst 6000 3

60 Hunold 9000 4

90 Kochhar 17000 1

90 De Haan 17000 1

90 King 24000 2

FIRST

功能描述：從DENSE_RANK返回的集合中取出排在最前面的一個值的行(可能多行，因為值可能相等)，因此完整的語法需要在開始處加上一個集合函數以從中取出記錄

SAMPLE：下面例子中DENSE_RANK按部門分區，再按傭金commission_pct排序，FIRST取出傭金最低的對應的所有行，然后前面的MAX函數從這個集合中取出薪水最低的值；LAST取出傭金最高的對應的所有行，然后前面的MIN函數從這個集合中取出薪水最高的值

SELECT last_name, department_id, salary,

MIN(salary) KEEP (DENSE_RANK FIRST ORDER BY commission_pct)

OVER (PARTITION BY department_id) "Worst",

MAX(salary) KEEP (DENSE_RANK LAST ORDER BY commission_pct)

OVER (PARTITION BY department_id) "Best"

FROM employees

WHERE department_id in (20,80)

ORDER BY department_id, salary;

LAST_NAME DEPARTMENT_ID SALARY Worst Best

------------------------- ------------- ---------- ---------- ----------

Fay 20 6000 6000 13000

Hartstein 20 13000 6000 13000

Kumar 80 6100 6100 14000

Banda 80 6200 6100 14000

Johnson 80 6200 6100 14000

Ande 80 6400 6100 14000

Lee 80 6800 6100 14000

Tuvault 80 7000 6100 14000

Sewall 80 7000 6100 14000

Marvins 80 7200 6100 14000

Bates 80 7300 6100 14000

FIRST_VALUE

功能描述：返回組中數據窗口的第一個值。

SAMPLE：下面例子計算按部門分區按薪水排序的數據窗口的第一個值對應的名字，如果薪水的第一個值有多個，則從多個對應的名字中取缺省排序的第一個名字

SELECT department_id, last_name, salary, FIRST_VALUE(last_name)

OVER (PARTITION BY department_id ORDER BY salary ASC ) AS lowest_sal

FROM employees

WHERE department_id in(20,30);

DEPARTMENT_ID LAST_NAME SALARY LOWEST_SAL

------------- ------------------------- ---------- --------------

20 Fay 6000 Fay

20 Hartstein 13000 Fay

30 Colmenares 2500 Colmenares

30 Himuro 2600 Colmenares

30 Tobias 2800 Colmenares

30 Baida 2900 Colmenares

30 Khoo 3100 Colmenares

30 Raphaely 11000 Colmenares

LAG

功能描述：可以訪問結果集中的其它行而不用進行自連接。它允許去處理游標，就好像游標是一個數組一樣。在給定組中可參考當前行之前的行，這樣就可以從組中與當前行一起選擇以前的行。Offset是一個正整數，其默認值為1，若索引超出窗口的范圍，就返回默認值(默認返回的是組中第一行)，其相反的函數是LEAD

SAMPLE：下面的例子中列prev_sal返回按hire_date排序的前1行的salary值

SELECT last_name, hire_date, salary,

LAG(salary, 1, 0) OVER (ORDER BY hire_date) AS prev_sal

FROM employees

WHERE job_id = 'PU_CLERK';

LAST_NAME HIRE_DATE SALARY PREV_SAL

------------------------- ---------- ---------- ----------

Khoo 18-5月 -95 3100 0

Tobias 24-7月 -97 2800 3100

Baida 24-12月-97 2900 2800

Himuro 15-11月-98 2600 2900

Colmenares 10-8月 -99 2500 2600

LAST

功能描述：從DENSE_RANK返回的集合中取出排在最后面的一個值的行(可能多行，因為值可能相等)，因此完整的語法需要在開始處加上一個集合函數以從中取出記錄

SELECT last_name, department_id, salary,

MIN(salary) KEEP (DENSE_RANK FIRST ORDER BY commission_pct)

OVER (PARTITION BY department_id) "Worst",

MAX(salary) KEEP (DENSE_RANK LAST ORDER BY commission_pct)

OVER (PARTITION BY department_id) "Best"

FROM employees

WHERE department_id in (20,80)

ORDER BY department_id, salary;

LAST_NAME DEPARTMENT_ID SALARY Worst Best

------------------------- ------------- ---------- ---------- ----------

Fay 20 6000 6000 13000

Hartstein 20 13000 6000 13000

Kumar 80 6100 6100 14000

Banda 80 6200 6100 14000

Johnson 80 6200 6100 14000

Ande 80 6400 6100 14000

Lee 80 6800 6100 14000

Tuvault 80 7000 6100 14000

Sewall 80 7000 6100 14000

Marvins 80 7200 6100 14000

Bates 80 7300 6100 14000

LAST_VALUE

功能描述：返回組中數據窗口的最后一個值。

SAMPLE：下面例子計算按部門分區按薪水排序的數據窗口的最后一個值對應的名字，如果薪水的最后一個值有多個，則從多個對應的名字中取缺省排序的最后一個名字

SELECT department_id, last_name, salary, LAST_VALUE(last_name)

OVER(PARTITION BY department_id ORDER BY salary) AS highest_sal

FROM employees

WHERE department_id in(20,30);

DEPARTMENT_ID LAST_NAME SALARY HIGHEST_SAL

------------- ------------------------- ---------- ------------

20 Fay 6000 Fay

20 Hartstein 13000 Hartstein

30 Colmenares 2500 Colmenares

30 Himuro 2600 Himuro

30 Tobias 2800 Tobias

30 Baida 2900 Baida

30 Khoo 3100 Khoo

30 Raphaely 11000 Raphaely

LEAD

功能描述：LEAD與LAG相反，LEAD可以訪問組中當前行之后的行。Offset是一個正整數，其默認值為1，若索引超出窗口的范圍，就返回默認值(默認返回的是組中第一行)

SAMPLE：下面的例子中每行的"NextHired"返回按hire_date排序的下一行的hire_date值

SELECT last_name, hire_date,

LEAD(hire_date, 1) OVER (ORDER BY hire_date) AS "NextHired"

FROM employees WHERE department_id = 30;

LAST_NAME HIRE_DATE NextHired

------------------------- --------- ---------

Raphaely 07-DEC-94 18-MAY-95

Khoo 18-MAY-95 24-JUL-97

Tobias 24-JUL-97 24-DEC-97

Baida 24-DEC-97 15-NOV-98

Himuro 15-NOV-98 10-AUG-99

Colmenares 10-AUG-99

MAX

功能描述：在一個組中的數據窗口中查找表達式的最大值。

SAMPLE：下面例子中dept_max返回當前行所在部門的最大薪水值

SELECT department_id, last_name, salary,

MAX(salary) OVER (PARTITION BY department_id) AS dept_max

FROM employees WHERE department_id in (10,20,30);

DEPARTMENT_ID LAST_NAME SALARY DEPT_MAX

------------- ------------------------- ---------- ----------

10 Whalen 4400 4400

20 Hartstein 13000 13000

20 Fay 6000 13000

30 Raphaely 11000 11000

30 Khoo 3100 11000

30 Baida 2900 11000

30 Tobias 2800 11000

30 Himuro 2600 11000

30 Colmenares 2500 11000

MIN

功能描述：在一個組中的數據窗口中查找表達式的最小值。

SAMPLE：下面例子中dept_min返回當前行所在部門的最小薪水值

SELECT department_id, last_name, salary,

MIN(salary) OVER (PARTITION BY department_id) AS dept_min

FROM employees WHERE department_id in (10,20,30);

DEPARTMENT_ID LAST_NAME SALARY DEPT_MIN

------------- ------------------------- ---------- ----------

10 Whalen 4400 4400

20 Hartstein 13000 6000

20 Fay 6000 6000

30 Raphaely 11000 2500

30 Khoo 3100 2500

30 Baida 2900 2500

30 Tobias 2800 2500

30 Himuro 2600 2500

30 Colmenares 2500 2500

NTILE

功能描述：將一個組分為"表達式"的散列表示，例如，如果表達式=4，則給組中的每一行分配一個數(從1到4)，如果組中有20行，則給前5行分配1，給下5行分配2等等。如果組的基數不能由表達式值平均分開，則對這些行進行分配時，組中就沒有任何percentile的行數比其它percentile的行數超過一行，最低的percentile是那些擁有額外行的percentile。例如，若表達式=4，行數=21，則percentile=1的有5行，percentile=2的有5行等等。

SAMPLE：下例中把6行數據分為4份

SELECT last_name, salary,

NTILE(4) OVER (ORDER BY salary DESC) AS quartile FROM employees

WHERE department_id = 100;

LAST_NAME SALARY QUARTILE

------------------------- ---------- ----------

Greenberg 12000 1

Faviet 9000 1

Chen 8200 2

Urman 7800 2

Sciarra 7700 3

Popp 6900 4

PERCENT_RANK

功能描述：和CUME_DIST(累積分配)函數類似，對于一個組中給定的行來說，在計算那行的序號時，先減1，然后除以n-1(n為組中所有的行數)。該函數總是返回0～1(包括1)之間的數。

SAMPLE：下例中如果Khoo的salary為2900，則pr值為0.6，因為RANK函數對于等值的返回序列值是一樣的

SELECT department_id, last_name, salary,

PERCENT_RANK()

OVER (PARTITION BY department_id ORDER BY salary) AS pr

FROM employees

WHERE department_id < 50

ORDER BY department_id,salary;

DEPARTMENT_ID LAST_NAME SALARY PR

------------- ------------------------- ---------- ----------

10 Whalen 4400 0

20 Fay 6000 0

20 Hartstein 13000 1

30 Colmenares 2500 0

30 Himuro 2600 0.2

30 Tobias 2800 0.4

30 Baida 2900 0.6

30 Khoo 3100 0.8

30 Raphaely 11000 1

40 Mavris 6500 0

PERCENTILE_CONT

功能描述：返回一個與輸入的分布百分比值相對應的數據值，分布百分比的計算方法見函數PERCENT_RANK，如果沒有正好對應的數據值，就通過下面算法來得到值：

RN = 1+ (P*(N-1)) 其中P是輸入的分布百分比值，N是組內的行數

CRN = CEIL(RN) FRN = FLOOR(RN)

if (CRN = FRN = RN) then

(value of expression from row at RN)

else

(CRN - RN) * (value of expression for row at FRN) +

(RN - FRN) * (value of expression for row at CRN)

注意：本函數與PERCENTILE_DISC的區別在找不到對應的分布值時返回的替代值的計算方法不同

SAMPLE：在下例中，對于部門60的Percentile_Cont值計算如下：

P=0.7 N=5 RN =1+ (P*(N-1)=1+(0.7*(5-1))=3.8 CRN = CEIL(3.8)=4

FRN = FLOOR(3.8)=3

(4 - 3.8)* 4800 + (3.8 - 3) * 6000 = 5760

SELECT last_name, salary, department_id,

PERCENTILE_CONT(0.7) WITHIN GROUP (ORDER BY salary)

OVER (PARTITION BY department_id) "Percentile_Cont",

PERCENT_RANK()

OVER (PARTITION BY department_id ORDER BY salary) "Percent_Rank"

FROM employees WHERE department_id IN (30, 60);

LAST_NAME SALARY DEPARTMENT_ID Percentile_Cont Percent_Rank

------------------------- ---------- ------------- --------------- ------------

Colmenares 2500 30 3000 0

Himuro 2600 30 3000 0.2

Tobias 2800 30 3000 0.4

Baida 2900 30 3000 0.6

Khoo 3100 30 3000 0.8

Raphaely 11000 30 3000 1

Lorentz 4200 60 5760 0

Austin 4800 60 5760 0.25

Pataballa 4800 60 5760 0.25

Ernst 6000 60 5760 0.75

Hunold 9000 60 5760 1

PERCENTILE_DISC

功能描述：返回一個與輸入的分布百分比值相對應的數據值，分布百分比的計算方法見函數CUME_DIST，如果沒有正好對應的數據值，就取大于該分布值的下一個值。

注意：本函數與PERCENTILE_CONT的區別在找不到對應的分布值時返回的替代值的計算方法不同

SAMPLE：下例中0.7的分布值在部門30中沒有對應的Cume_Dist值，所以就取下一個分布值0.83333333所對應的SALARY來替代

SELECT last_name, salary, department_id,

PERCENTILE_DISC(0.7) WITHIN GROUP (ORDER BY salary )

OVER (PARTITION BY department_id) "Percentile_Disc",

CUME_DIST() OVER (PARTITION BY department_id ORDER BY salary) "Cume_Dist"

FROM employees

WHERE department_id in (30, 60);

LAST_NAME SALARY DEPARTMENT_ID Percentile_Disc Cume_Dist

------------------------- ---------- ------------- --------------- ----------

Colmenares 2500 30 3100 .166666667

Himuro 2600 30 3100 .333333333

Tobias 2800 30 3100 .5

Baida 2900 30 3100 .666666667

Khoo 3100 30 3100 .833333333

Raphaely 11000 30 3100 1

Lorentz 4200 60 6000 .2

Austin 4800 60 6000 .6

Pataballa 4800 60 6000 .6

Ernst 6000 60 6000 .8

Hunold 9000 60 6000 1

RANK

SAMPLE：下例中計算每個員工按部門分區再按薪水排序，依次出現的序列號(注意與DENSE_RANK函數的區別)

SELECT d.department_id , e.last_name, e.salary, RANK()

OVER (PARTITION BY e.department_id ORDER BY e.salary) as drank

FROM employees e, departments d

WHERE e.department_id = d.department_id

AND d.department_id IN ('60', '90');

DEPARTMENT_ID LAST_NAME SALARY DRANK

------------- ------------------------- ---------- ----------

60 Lorentz 4200 1

60 Austin 4800 2

60 Pataballa 4800 2

60 Ernst 6000 4

60 Hunold 9000 5

90 Kochhar 17000 1

90 De Haan 17000 1

90 King 24000 3

RATIO_TO_REPORT

功能描述：該函數計算expression/(sum(expression))的值，它給出相對于總數的百分比，即當前行對sum(expression)的貢獻。

SAMPLE：下例計算每個員工的工資占該類員工總工資的百分比

SELECT last_name, salary, RATIO_TO_REPORT(salary) OVER () AS rr

FROM employees

WHERE job_id = 'PU_CLERK';

LAST_NAME SALARY RR

------------------------- ---------- ----------

Khoo 3100 .223021583

Baida 2900 .208633094

Tobias 2800 .201438849

Himuro 2600 .18705036

Colmenares 2500 .179856115

REGR_ (Linear Regression) Functions

功能描述：這些線性回歸函數適合最小二乘法回歸線，有9個不同的回歸函數可使用。

REGR_SLOPE：返回斜率，等于COVAR_POP(expr1, expr2) / VAR_POP(expr2)

REGR_INTERCEPT：返回回歸線的y截距，等于

AVG(expr1) - REGR_SLOPE(expr1, expr2) * AVG(expr2)

REGR_COUNT：返回用于填充回歸線的非空數字對的數目

REGR_R2：返回回歸線的決定系數，計算式為：

If VAR_POP(expr2) = 0 then return NULL

If VAR_POP(expr1) = 0 and VAR_POP(expr2) != 0 then return 1

If VAR_POP(expr1) > 0 and VAR_POP(expr2 != 0 then

return POWER(CORR(expr1,expr),2)

REGR_AVGX：計算回歸線的自變量(expr2)的平均值，去掉了空對(expr1, expr2)后，等于AVG(expr2)

REGR_AVGY：計算回歸線的應變量(expr1)的平均值，去掉了空對(expr1, expr2)后，等于AVG(expr1)

REGR_SXX：返回值等于REGR_COUNT(expr1, expr2) * VAR_POP(expr2)

REGR_SYY：返回值等于REGR_COUNT(expr1, expr2) * VAR_POP(expr1)

REGR_SXY: 返回值等于REGR_COUNT(expr1, expr2) * COVAR_POP(expr1, expr2)

(下面的例子都是在SH用戶下完成的)

SAMPLE 1：下例計算1998年最后三個星期中兩種產品(260和270)在周末的銷售量中已×××數量和總數量的累積斜率和回歸線的截距

SELECT t.fiscal_month_number "Month", t.day_number_in_month "Day",

REGR_SLOPE(s.amount_sold, s.quantity_sold)

OVER (ORDER BY t.fiscal_month_desc, t.day_number_in_month) AS CUM_SLOPE,

REGR_INTERCEPT(s.amount_sold, s.quantity_sold)

OVER (ORDER BY t.fiscal_month_desc, t.day_number_in_month) AS CUM_ICPT

FROM sales s, times t

WHERE s.time_id = t.time_id

AND s.prod_id IN (270, 260)

AND t.fiscal_year=1998

AND t.fiscal_week_number IN (50, 51, 52)

AND t.day_number_in_week IN (6,7)

ORDER BY t.fiscal_month_desc, t.day_number_in_month;

Month Day CUM_SLOPE CUM_ICPT

---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

12 12 -68 1872

12 13 -20.244898 1254.36735

12 19 -18.826087 1287

12 20 62.4561404 125.28655

12 26 67.2658228 58.9712313

12 27 37.5245541 284.958221

SAMPLE 2：下例計算1998年4月每天的累積交易數量

SELECT UNIQUE t.day_number_in_month,

REGR_COUNT(s.amount_sold, s.quantity_sold)

OVER (PARTITION BY t.fiscal_month_number ORDER BY t.day_number_in_month)

"Regr_Count"

FROM sales s, times t

WHERE s.time_id = t.time_id

AND t.fiscal_year = 1998 AND t.fiscal_month_number = 4;

DAY_NUMBER_IN_MONTH Regr_Count

------------------- ----------

1 825

2 1650

3 2475

4 3300

26 21450

30 22200

SAMPLE 3：下例計算1998年每月銷售量中已×××數量和總數量的累積回歸線決定系數

SELECT t.fiscal_month_number,

REGR_R2(SUM(s.amount_sold), SUM(s.quantity_sold))

OVER (ORDER BY t.fiscal_month_number) "Regr_R2"

FROM sales s, times t

WHERE s.time_id = t.time_id

AND t.fiscal_year = 1998

GROUP BY t.fiscal_month_number

ORDER BY t.fiscal_month_number;

FISCAL_MONTH_NUMBER Regr_R2

------------------- ----------

2 1

3 .927372984

4 .807019972

5 .932745567

6 .94682861

7 .965342011

8 .955768075

9 .959542618

10 .938618575

11 .880931415

12 .882769189

SAMPLE 4：下例計算1998年12月最后兩周產品260的銷售量中已×××數量和總數量的累積平均值

SELECT t.day_number_in_month,

REGR_AVGY(s.amount_sold, s.quantity_sold)

OVER (ORDER BY t.fiscal_month_desc, t.day_number_in_month)

"Regr_AvgY",

REGR_AVGX(s.amount_sold, s.quantity_sold)

OVER (ORDER BY t.fiscal_month_desc, t.day_number_in_month)

"Regr_AvgX"

FROM sales s, times t

WHERE s.time_id = t.time_id

AND s.prod_id = 260

AND t.fiscal_month_desc = '1998-12'

AND t.fiscal_week_number IN (51, 52)

ORDER BY t.day_number_in_month;

DAY_NUMBER_IN_MONTH Regr_AvgY Regr_AvgX

------------------- ---------- ----------

14 882 24.5

15 801 22.25

16 777.6 21.6

18 642.857143 17.8571429

20 589.5 16.375

21 544 15.1111111

22 592.363636 16.4545455

24 553.846154 15.3846154

26 522 14.5

27 578.4 16.0666667

SAMPLE 5：下例計算產品260和270在1998年2月周末銷售量中已×××數量和總數量的累積REGR_SXY, REGR_SXX, and REGR_SYY統計值

SELECT t.day_number_in_month,

REGR_SXY(s.amount_sold, s.quantity_sold)

OVER (ORDER BY t.fiscal_year, t.fiscal_month_desc) "Regr_sxy",

REGR_SYY(s.amount_sold, s.quantity_sold)

OVER (ORDER BY t.fiscal_year, t.fiscal_month_desc) "Regr_syy",

REGR_SXX(s.amount_sold, s.quantity_sold)

OVER (ORDER BY t.fiscal_year, t.fiscal_month_desc) "Regr_sxx"

FROM sales s, times t

WHERE s.time_id = t.time_id

AND prod_id IN (270, 260)

AND t.fiscal_month_desc = '1998-02'

AND t.day_number_in_week IN (6,7)

ORDER BY t.day_number_in_month;

DAY_NUMBER_IN_MONTH Regr_sxy Regr_syy Regr_sxx

------------------- ---------- ---------- ----------

1 18870.4 2116198.4 258.4

7 18870.4 2116198.4 258.4

8 18870.4 2116198.4 258.4

14 18870.4 2116198.4 258.4

15 18870.4 2116198.4 258.4

21 18870.4 2116198.4 258.4

22 18870.4 2116198.4 258.4

ROW_NUMBER

功能描述：返回有序組中一行的偏移量，從而可用于按特定標準排序的行號。

SAMPLE：下例返回每個員工再在每個部門中按員工號排序后的順序號

SELECT department_id, last_name, employee_id, ROW_NUMBER()

OVER (PARTITION BY department_id ORDER BY employee_id) AS emp_id

FROM employees

WHERE department_id < 50;

DEPARTMENT_ID LAST_NAME EMPLOYEE_ID EMP_ID

------------- ------------------------- ----------- ----------

10 Whalen 200 1

20 Hartstein 201 1

20 Fay 202 2

30 Raphaely 114 1

30 Khoo 115 2

30 Baida 116 3

30 Tobias 117 4

30 Himuro 118 5

30 Colmenares 119 6

40 Mavris 203 1

STDDEV

功能描述：計算當前行關于組的標準偏離。(Standard Deviation)

SAMPLE：下例返回部門30按雇傭日期排序的薪水值的累積標準偏離

SELECT last_name, hire_date,salary,

STDDEV(salary) OVER (ORDER BY hire_date) "StdDev"

FROM employees

WHERE department_id = 30;

LAST_NAME HIRE_DATE SALARY StdDev

------------------------- ---------- ---------- ----------

Raphaely 07-12月-94 11000 0

Khoo 18-5月 -95 3100 5586.14357

Tobias 24-7月 -97 2800 4650.0896

Baida 24-12月-97 2900 4035.26125

Himuro 15-11月-98 2600 3649.2465

Colmenares 10-8月 -99 2500 3362.58829

STDDEV_POP

功能描述：該函數計算總體標準偏離，并返回總體變量的平方根，其返回值與VAR_POP函數的平方根相同。(Standard Deviation－Population)

SAMPLE：下例返回部門20、30、60的薪水值的總體標準偏差

SELECT department_id, last_name, salary,

STDDEV_POP(salary) OVER (PARTITION BY department_id) AS pop_std

FROM employees

WHERE department_id in (20,30,60);

DEPARTMENT_ID LAST_NAME SALARY POP_STD

------------- ------------------------- ---------- ----------

20 Hartstein 13000 3500

20 Fay 6000 3500

30 Raphaely 11000 3069.6091

30 Khoo 3100 3069.6091

30 Baida 2900 3069.6091

30 Colmenares 2500 3069.6091

30 Himuro 2600 3069.6091

30 Tobias 2800 3069.6091

60 Hunold 9000 1722.32401

60 Ernst 6000 1722.32401

60 Austin 4800 1722.32401

60 Pataballa 4800 1722.32401

60 Lorentz 4200 1722.32401

STDDEV_SAMP

功能描述：該函數計算累積樣本標準偏離，并返回總體變量的平方根，其返回值與VAR_POP函數的平方根相同。(Standard Deviation－Sample)

SAMPLE：下例返回部門20、30、60的薪水值的樣本標準偏差

SELECT department_id, last_name, hire_date, salary,

STDDEV_SAMP(salary) OVER

(PARTITION BY department_id ORDER BY hire_date

ROWS BETWEEN UNBOUNDED PRECEDING AND CURRENT ROW) AS cum_sdev

FROM employees

WHERE department_id in (20,30,60);

DEPARTMENT_ID LAST_NAME HIRE_DATE SALARY CUM_SDEV

------------- ------------------------- ---------- ---------- ----------

20 Hartstein 17-2月 -96 13000

20 Fay 17-8月 -97 6000 4949.74747

30 Raphaely 07-12月-94 11000

30 Khoo 18-5月 -95 3100 5586.14357

30 Tobias 24-7月 -97 2800 4650.0896

30 Baida 24-12月-97 2900 4035.26125

30 Himuro 15-11月-98 2600 3649.2465

30 Colmenares 10-8月 -99 2500 3362.58829

60 Hunold 03-1月 -90 9000

60 Ernst 21-5月 -91 6000 2121.32034

60 Austin 25-6月 -97 4800 2163.33077

60 Pataballa 05-2月 -98 4800 1982.42276

60 Lorentz 07-2月 -99 4200 1925.61678

SUM

功能描述：該函數計算組中表達式的累積和。

SAMPLE：下例計算同一經理下員工的薪水累積值

SELECT manager_id, last_name, salary,

SUM (salary) OVER (PARTITION BY manager_id ORDER BY salary

RANGE UNBOUNDED PRECEDING) l_csum

FROM employees

WHERE manager_id in (101,103,108);

MANAGER_ID LAST_NAME SALARY L_CSUM

---------- ------------------------- ---------- ----------

101 Whalen 4400 4400

101 Mavris 6500 10900

101 Baer 10000 20900

101 Greenberg 12000 44900

101 Higgins 12000 44900

103 Lorentz 4200 4200

103 Austin 4800 13800

103 Pataballa 4800 13800

103 Ernst 6000 19800

108 Popp 6900 6900

108 Sciarra 7700 14600

108 Urman 7800 22400

108 Chen 8200 30600

108 Faviet 9000 39600

VAR_POP

功能描述：(Variance Population)該函數返回非空集合的總體變量(忽略null)，VAR_POP進行如下計算：

(SUM(expr2) - SUM(expr)2 / COUNT(expr)) / COUNT(expr)

SAMPLE：下例計算1998年每月銷售的累積總體和樣本變量(本例在SH用戶下運行)

SELECT t.calendar_month_desc,

VAR_POP(SUM(s.amount_sold))

OVER (ORDER BY t.calendar_month_desc) "Var_Pop",

VAR_SAMP(SUM(s.amount_sold))

OVER (ORDER BY t.calendar_month_desc) "Var_Samp"

FROM sales s, times t

WHERE s.time_id = t.time_id AND t.calendar_year = 1998

GROUP BY t.calendar_month_desc;

CALENDAR Var_Pop Var_Samp

-------- ---------- ----------

1998-01 0

1998-02 6.1321E+11 1.2264E+12

1998-03 4.7058E+11 7.0587E+11

1998-04 4.6929E+11 6.2572E+11

1998-05 1.5524E+12 1.9405E+12

1998-06 2.3711E+12 2.8453E+12

1998-07 3.7464E+12 4.3708E+12

1998-08 3.7852E+12 4.3260E+12

1998-09 3.5753E+12 4.0222E+12

1998-10 3.4343E+12 3.8159E+12

1998-11 3.4245E+12 3.7669E+12

1998-12 4.8937E+12 5.3386E+12

VAR_SAMP

功能描述：(Variance Sample)該函數返回非空集合的樣本變量(忽略null)，VAR_POP進行如下計算：

(SUM(expr*expr)-SUM(expr)*SUM(expr)/COUNT(expr))/(COUNT(expr)-1)

SAMPLE：下例計算1998年每月銷售的累積總體和樣本變量

SELECT t.calendar_month_desc,

VAR_POP(SUM(s.amount_sold))

OVER (ORDER BY t.calendar_month_desc) "Var_Pop",

VAR_SAMP(SUM(s.amount_sold))

OVER (ORDER BY t.calendar_month_desc) "Var_Samp"

FROM sales s, times t

WHERE s.time_id = t.time_id AND t.calendar_year = 1998

GROUP BY t.calendar_month_desc;

CALENDAR Var_Pop Var_Samp

-------- ---------- ----------

1998-01 0

1998-02 6.1321E+11 1.2264E+12

1998-03 4.7058E+11 7.0587E+11

1998-04 4.6929E+11 6.2572E+11

1998-05 1.5524E+12 1.9405E+12

1998-06 2.3711E+12 2.8453E+12

1998-07 3.7464E+12 4.3708E+12

1998-08 3.7852E+12 4.3260E+12

1998-09 3.5753E+12 4.0222E+12

1998-10 3.4343E+12 3.8159E+12

1998-11 3.4245E+12 3.7669E+12

1998-12 4.8937E+12 5.3386E+12

VARIANCE

功能描述：該函數返回表達式的變量，Oracle計算該變量如下：

如果表達式中行數為1，則返回0

如果表達式中行數大于1，則返回VAR_SAMP

SAMPLE：下例返回部門30按雇傭日期排序的薪水值的累積變化

SELECT last_name, salary, VARIANCE(salary)

OVER (ORDER BY hire_date) "Variance"

FROM employees

WHERE department_id = 30;

LAST_NAME SALARY Variance

------------------------- ---------- ----------

Raphaely 11000 0

Khoo 3100 31205000

Tobias 2800 21623333.3

Baida 2900 16283333.3

Himuro 2600 13317000

Colmenares 2500 11307000

=====================================

連續求和問題：

select name,sum(cnt) over(order by rownum) from t1;

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