數據整理

1、Natural Earth Data

Natural Earth Data提供了全球范圍內的矢量和影像數據。Natural Earth Data的最大優勢就是數據是開放性的，用戶有傳播和修改數據的權限。

（1）Natural Earth為制作個性化地圖提供方便的資源，而不是為了科學分析和軍事制圖。Natural Earth是為了滿足各種軟件應用制圖的需要，靈活性是Natural Earth的目標。

（2）Natural Earth數據分為文化層、自然層和柵格層。文化層包括了國家（包含屬性）、爭議地區及獨立地區、一級行政區、點狀居民地、面狀城市（按照2002-2003 MODIS數據）、公園及保護區、太平洋島國、水體行政邊界（包含爭議區）；自然圖層包括海岸線、陸地邊界、海洋、島嶼、珊瑚礁、自然注記、河流和湖泊中線、湖、冰川地區、南極冰架、水深（按照SRTM）、地理圈（極地、赤道、日期線等）、經緯網；柵格層包括分層設色（氣候、高層）、土地覆蓋（海底）、歷史覆蓋數據、海底深度、水深、SRTM高程暈眩圖、灰度高程眩暈圖。

（3）矢量數據格式為ESRI shapefile；柵格數據格式為TIFF+TFW world文件；坐標系為WGS84 datum +proj=longlat +ellps=WGS84 +datum=WGS84 +no_defs。
（4）網址：http://www.naturalearthdata.com/

2、USGS Earth Explorer

美國地質勘探局（United States Geological Survey，簡稱USGS），是美國內政部所屬的科學研究機構。其官網上提供最新、最全面的全球衛星影像，包括Landsat、Modis等。

網址：http://earthexplorer.usgs.gov

網站無法登陸（被墻）

3、OpenStreetMap

（略）

4、NASA’s Socioeconomic Data and Applications Center (SEDAC)

SEDAC提供全球范圍內的GIS數據以幫助人們了解人與環境間的相互影響。數據涉及農業、氣候、健康、基礎設施、土地利用、海洋和沿海、人口、貧困、可持續性、城市和水等15種類型。（哥倫比亞大學）

數據分類包括：農業，氣候，保護，框架數據，治理，危害，健康，基礎設施，土地利用，海洋和沿海，人口，貧困，遙感，可持續性，城市，水。

如：全球PM2.5（由MODIS、MISR和WiFS大氣遙感氣融膠粒子厚度得到）1998-2012；全球各國的環境指標（2002-2014）。

網址：http://sedac.ciesin.columbia.edu/data/sets/browse

5、Open Topography

Open Topography是一個提供高空間分辨率的地形數據和操作工具的門戶網站。通過Open Topography，用戶可以下載LiDAR數據（主要包括：美國、加拿大、澳大利亞、巴西、海地、墨西哥和波多黎各）。

數據包括激光雷達點云：186個數據集，覆蓋面積180,122 km2，數據大小20766.28 GB.

OpenTopography_Airborne Lidar Datasets.html

柵格：81個數據集，覆蓋面積239,120,000 km2，其中高分辨率127,009 km2，數據總大小2059.04 GB.數據包括數字高程模型（DEM）全球數據集（從衛星雷達地形測繪任務的空激光雷達測量（SRTM）和柵格數據計算）。航空激光雷達測量DEM可作為裸土（地），高輻射（反射或散射），或強（激光脈沖強度）片區。目錄見OpenTopography_Raster.html。

google地球文件：谷歌地球的激光雷達成像。谷歌地球（或類似的虛擬地球）提供查看來自激光雷達地形數據圖像的一個好方法。這些谷歌地球文件還強大的教育和宣傳，并在工作之前與其他激光雷達產品的天氣瀏覽數據。opentopography這部分數據提供1米分辨率激光雷達圖像KMZ文件。目錄見文件Lidar Derived Imagery in Google Earth.html

元數據:元數據文件目錄見OpenTopography_Metadata.html文件，詳細元數據無法下載。

共享數據:共享數據由Open Topography社區提供，通過鼓勵雷達數據組織將開放數據在此登記，形成數據目錄，以便用戶發現它們。共享數據目錄見OpenTopography_Community Contributed Data.html文件。

網站：http://www.opentopography.org/

6、Diva GIS

Diva GIS包含全球各個國家的基礎地理數據——邊界、鐵路、道路、氣候、生物多樣性以及農作物等。提供DIVA-GIS 7.5工具。

數據包括：（1）國家級的行政邊界、道路、鐵路、海拔、地表覆蓋人口密度；（2）全球國家邊界（2011年）；（3）全球氣候數據；（4）生物多樣性數據；（5）作物（基因庫）收集的數據；（6）全球90m分辨率高程數據；（7）高分辨率遙感影像(LandSat) ,MrSid格式。

網站：http://www.diva-gis.org/Data

7、UNEP Environmental Data Explorer

UNEP（聯合國環境規劃署）包含全球范圍內500多種不同類型的空間和非空間數據，如淡水、人口、森林、污染排放、氣候、災害、衛生和國內生產總值等。

數據功能列表

數據列表

----- 2010 BIP Biodiversity Indicators Adjusted Human Water Security Threat Administrative Boundaries - First Level Administrative Boundaries - First Level (ESRI) Agricultural Area Agricultural Area Actually Irrigated Agricultural Area Certified Organic Agriculture Value Added - Percent of GDP Aid Donors: Rio Conventions Objectives - Biodiversity Aid Donors: Rio Conventions Objectives - Climate Change Adaptation Aid Donors: Rio Conventions Objectives - Climate Change Mitigation Aid Donors: Rio Conventions Objectives - Desertification Aid Recipients: Rio Conventions Objectives - Biodiversity Aid Recipients: Rio Conventions Objectives - Climate Change Mitigation Aid Recipients: Rio Conventions Objectives - Desertification Air Transport - Passengers Carried Alternative Conversion Factor (Exchange Rate) Amounts of Municipal Waste - Total Amphibians - Number of Critically Endangered Species Amphibians - Number of Endangered Species Amphibians - Number of Species Evaluated Amphibians - Number of Species Evaluated, as % of Species Described Amphibians - Number of Threatened Species Amphibians - Number of Vulnerable Species Animal Species - Threatened Animals - Number of Species Evaluated Animals - Number of Species Evaluated, as % of Species Described Animals - Number of Threatened Species Annual Precipitation Annual Temperature Anthropogenic Drivers of Change on Marine Ecosystems: Nutrient Pollution (Fertilizer) Aquaculture Production - Inland Waters Aquaculture Production - Marine Aquaculture Production - Total Arable Land Arable Land and Permanent Crops Arsenic in Groundwater - Probability of Occurrence Artificial Surfaces and Associated Areas - from GlobCover Land Cover (v2.2) Average Carbon Content in the Topsoil Average Monthly Maximum Temperature - April Average Monthly Maximum Temperature - August Average Monthly Maximum Temperature - December Average Monthly Maximum Temperature - February Average Monthly Maximum Temperature - January Average Monthly Maximum Temperature - July Average Monthly Maximum Temperature - June Average Monthly Maximum Temperature - March Average Monthly Maximum Temperature - May Average Monthly Maximum Temperature - November Average Monthly Maximum Temperature - October Average Monthly Maximum Temperature - September Average Monthly Minimum Temperature - April Average Monthly Minimum Temperature - August Average Monthly Minimum Temperature - December Average Monthly Minimum Temperature - February Average Monthly Minimum Temperature - January Average Monthly Minimum Temperature - July Average Monthly Minimum Temperature - June Average Monthly Minimum Temperature - March Average Monthly Minimum Temperature - May Average Monthly Minimum Temperature - November Average Monthly Minimum Temperature - October Average Monthly Minimum Temperature - September Average Supply of Protein of Animal Origin Average Value of Food Production Biodiversity Hotspots Biogeographical Provinces Birds - Number of Critically Endangered Species Birds - Number of Endangered Species Birds - Number of Species Evaluated Birds - Number of Species Evaluated, as % of Species Described Birds - Number of Threatened Species Birds - Number of Vulnerable Species Births Blue Water Footprint of National Production CO2 emissions - per Capita (WDI) Cadmium (Cd) Consumption Cadmium (Cd) Production Carbon Stock in Living Forest Biomass Carbon to the Atm. From Land-Use Change - Ann. Net Flux Cash Surplus/Deficit - Percent of of GDP Central Government Debt - Percent of GDP Cereal Import Dependency Ratio Cereals - Area Harvested Cereals - Area Harvested BIDON for aggregations only Cereals - Production Cereals - Yield Change in Glacier Mass Change in Glacier Mass - Mean Cumulative Net Balance Charges for the Use of Intellectual Property - Payments Charges for the Use of Intellectual Property - Receipts Children Under 5 with Diarrhoea - Percent Civil Aviation Traffic - International Freight Civil Aviation Traffic - International Kilometers Flown Civil Aviation Traffic - International Passengers Carried Civil Aviation Traffic - Total Freight Civil Aviation Traffic - Total Kilometers Flown Civil Aviation Traffic - Total Passengers Carried Claimed Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) Commercial Activity - Shipping Concentration of Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) in Rivers, Lakes and Groundwater Concentration of Nitrogen (NO3+NO2) in Rivers, Lakes and Groundwater Concentrations of Particulate Matter less than 10 microns (PM10) Conservation Agriculture Area: >30% Ground Cover Consumer Price Index (2000 = 100) Consumption of Ozone-Depleting Substances - All Consumption of Ozone-Depleting Substances - Carbon Tetrachloride Consumption of Ozone-Depleting Substances - Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) Consumption of Ozone-Depleting Substances - Halons Consumption of Ozone-Depleting Substances - Hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs) Consumption of Ozone-Depleting Substances - Methyl Bromide Consumption of Ozone-Depleting Substances - Methyl Chloroform Continental Shelf Area Continuos Fields Tree Cover Country Area Crude Birth Rate Crude Death Rate Crustaceans - Number of Species Evaluated Crustaceans - Number of Species Evaluated, as % of Species Described Crustaceans - Number of Threatened Species Cyclone Buffers (WMS Test) DEM 5 minutes - All DEM 5 minutes - Continent DEM 5 minutes - Ocean Dams Desalinated Water Produced Disasters of Natural Origin (Excluding: Earthquakes, Insect Infestation, Volcanic Eruptions) - Killed People Disasters of Natural Origin (Excluding: Earthquakes, Insect Infestation, Volcanic Eruptions) - Killed per Million People Disasters of Natural Origin (Excluding: Earthquakes, Insect Infestation, Volcanic Eruptions) - Total Affected People Disasters of Natural Origin (Excluding: Earthquakes, Insect Infestation, Volcanic Eruptions) - Total Affected per Million People Disasters of Natural Origin - Affected People Disasters of Natural Origin - Killed People Disasters of Natural Origin - Killed per Million People Disasters of Natural Origin - Total Affected per Million People Disasters of Natural Origin - Total Affected People Diseases of the Respiratory System - Number of Deaths Diseases of the Respiratory System - Number of Deaths per 100,000 Population Domestic Food Price Index Dominant Type of Problem Lands Droughts - Killed People Drylands - Percent of Total Area Drylands - Total Area ETOPO1 Global Relief Model Earthquake Intensity Zones Easy Available Water Ecological Footprint Ecological Zones (Holdridge Lifezones) Economically Active Population Economically Active Population in Agriculture Economically Active Population in Agriculture - Female Economically Active Population in Agriculture - Male Electricity - Distribution Losses (IEA) Electricity - Domestic Supply (IEA) Electricity - Nuclear Industry (IEA) Electricity - Production (IEA) Electricity - Total Final Consumption (IEA) Electricity Consumption - Residential (IEA) Electricity Consumption - Transport Sector (IEA) Emissions of CH4 - (National Reports, UNFCCC), Excluding Land Use, Land-Use Change and Forestry Emissions of CH4 - (National Reports, UNFCCC), Including Land Use, Land-Use Change and Forestry Emissions of CH4 - Total (Model Estimations, EDGAR v.4.2 FT2010) Emissions of CH4 - Total (Model Estimations, EDGAR v.4.2) Emissions of CH4 - Waste (Model Estimations, EDGAR v.4.2 FT2010) Emissions of CH4 - from All Anthropogenic Sources (Model Estimations, RIVM-MNP) Emissions of CH4 - from Animal Breeding: Enteric Fermentation (Model Estimations, RIVM-MNP) Emissions of CH4 - from Coal Mining and Solid Fuel Transformation (Model Estimations, EDGAR v.4.2 FT2010) Emissions of CH4 - from Enteric Fermentation Cattle (Model Estimations, EDGAR v.4.2 FT2010) Emissions of CH4 - from Oil and Gas production (Model Estimations, EDGAR v.4.2 FT2010) Emissions of CH4 - from Rice Cultivation (Model Estimations, EDGAR v.4.2 FT2010) Emissions of CO - (National Reports, UNFCCC), Excluding Land Use, Land-Use Change and Forestry Emissions of CO - (National Reports, UNFCCC), Including Land Use, Land-Use Change and Forestry Emissions of CO - from All Anthropogenic Sources (Model Estimations, RIVM-MNP) Emissions of CO2 - (National Reports, UNFCCC), Excluding Land Use, Land-Use Change and Forestry Emissions of CO2 - (National Reports, UNFCCC), Including Land Use, Land-Use Change and Forestry Emissions of CO2 - Total (Model Estimations, EDGAR v.4.2 FT2010) Emissions of CO2 - from Nonmetallic Minerals Production (Model Estimations, EDGAR v.4.2 FT2010) Emissions of CO2 - from All Anthropogenic Sources (Model Estimations, RIVM-MNP) Emissions of CO2 - from Cement Production (CDIAC) Emissions of CO2 - from Cement Production (Model Estimations, RIVM-MNP) Emissions of CO2 - from Forest Fires Decay (Model Estimations, EDGAR v.4.2 FT2010) Emissions of CO2 - from Fossil Fuels - Total (CDIAC) Emissions of CO2 - from Gas Flaring (CDIAC) Emissions of CO2 - from Gas Fuels Consumption (CDIAC) Emissions of CO2 - from Heating/Cooling/Electrical Equipment of Buildings (Model Estimations, EDGAR v.4.2 FT2010) Emissions of CO2 - from Industrial Combustion for Manufacturing (Model Estimations, EDGAR v.4.2 FT2010) Emissions of CO2 - from Liquid Fuels Consumption (CDIAC) Emissions of CO2 - from Manufacturing Industries and Construction (IEA) Emissions of CO2 - from Power Generation (Model Estimations, RIVM-MNP) Emissions of CO2 - from Power Plants (Model Estimations, EDGAR v.4.2 FT2010) Emissions of CO2 - from Public Electricity and Heat Production (IEA) Emissions of CO2 - from Residentials, Commercials and Other Sector (Model Estimations, RIVM-MNP) Emissions of CO2 - from Road Transport (Model Estimations, EDGAR v.4.2 FT2010) Emissions of CO2 - from Solid Fuels Consumption (CDIAC) Emissions of CO2 - from Transport (IEA) Emissions of CO2 - from Transport Road (Model Estimations, RIVM-MNP) Emissions of CO2 per GDP (PPP) Emissions of GHGs - Total (CO2, CH4, N2O, HFCs, PFCs and SF6) (National Reports, UNFCCC), Excluding Land Use, Land-Use Change and Forestry Emissions of GHGs - Total (CO2, CH4, N2O, HFCs, PFCs and SF6) (National Reports, UNFCCC), Including Land Use, Land-Use Change and Forestry Emissions of GHGs - from Agriculture (National Reports, UNFCCC) Emissions of GHGs - from Energy (National Reports, UNFCCC) Emissions of GHGs - from Industrial Processes (National Reports, UNFCCC) Emissions of GHGs - from Transport (National Reports, UNFCCC) Emissions of GHGs - from Waste (National Reports, UNFCCC) Emissions of HFCs - all Gases Emissions of HFCs, PFCs and SF6 - Aggregated (National Reports, UNFCCC) Emissions of N2O (National Reports, UNFCCC), Excluding Land Use, Land-Use Change and Forestry Emissions of N2O (National Reports, UNFCCC), Including Land Use, Land-Use Change and Forestry Emissions of N2O - Total (Model Estimations, EDGAR v.4.2 FT2010) Emissions of N2O - Total (Model Estimations, EDGAR v.4.2) Emissions of N2O - from Agriculture (Model Estimations, EDGAR v.4.2 FT2010) Emissions of N2O - from Agriculture (Model Estimations, EDGAR v.4.2) Emissions of N2O - from All Anthropogenic Sources (Model Estimations, RIVM-MNP) Emissions of N2O - from Fertilizer Use in Arable Land (Model Estimations, RIVM-MNP) Emissions of N2O - from Soil Emissions (Model Estimations, EDGAR v.4.2 FT2010) Emissions of NMVOC (Non-Methane Volatile Organic Compounds) - from All Anthropogenic Sources (Model Estimations, RIVM-MNP) Emissions of NMVOC - (National Reports, UNFCCC), Excluding Land Use, Land-Use Change and Forestry Emissions of NMVOC - (National Reports, UNFCCC), Including Land Use, Land-Use Change and Forestry Emissions of NMVOC - Total (Model Estimations, EDGAR v.4.2) Emissions of NOx (National Reports, UNFCCC), Excluding Land Use, Land-Use Change and Forestry Emissions of NOx (National Reports, UNFCCC), Including Land Use, Land-Use Change and Forestry Emissions of NOx - Total (Model Estimations, EDGAR v.4.2) Emissions of NOx - from All Anthropogenic Sources (Model Estimations, RIVM-MNP) Emissions of Organic Water Pollutants (BOD) - Total Emissions of Organic Water Pollutants (BOD) - per Worker Emissions of Particulates Smaller than 2.5 Microns Emissions of SO2 (National Reports, UNFCCC), Excluding Land Use, Land-Use Change and Forestry Emissions of SO2 (National Reports, UNFCCC), Including Land Use, Land-Use Change and Forestry Emissions of SO2 - Total (Model Estimations, EDGAR v.4.2) Emissions of SO2 - from All Anthropogenic Sources (Model Estimations, RIVM-MNP) Energy Capacity - Nuclear Energy Consumption for Road Transport Sector - Total (IEA) Energy Consumption for Total Transport Sector - Total (IEA) Energy Imports Net - Percent of Energy Use Energy Production Energy Production - Biodiesel (IEA) Energy Production - Biogasoline (IEA) Energy Production - Combustible Renewables and Waste (IEA) Energy Production - Crude Oil (IEA) Energy Production - Hydro (IEA) Energy Production - Natural gas (IEA) Energy Production - Nuclear (IEA) Energy Production - Other Liquid Biofuels (IEA) Energy Production - Total (IEA) Energy Use - per Capita Energy use (kg oil equivalent) per $1,000 GDP (Constant 2005 PPP $) European Remote Sensing Forest/Non-forest Digital Map Exclusive Fishing Zone (EFZ) Exports of Goods and Services External Debt Stocks - Total Extreme Temperatures - Killed People Fertility Fish Catch - Inland Waters Fish Catch - Marine Fish Catch - Total Fish Stocks Exploitation - Fully Exploited Fish Stocks Exploitation - Not Fully Exploited Fish Stocks Exploitation - Overexploited Fishery Production - Inland Waters Fishery Production - Marine Fishery Production - Total Fishes - Number of Critically Endangered Species Fishes - Number of Endangered Species Fishes - Number of Species Evaluated Fishes - Number of Species Evaluated, as % of Species Described Fishes - Number of Threatened Species Fishes - Number of Vulnerable Species Floods - Killed People Fluoride in Groundwater - Probability of Occurrence Food Supply Quantity - Cereals Food Supply Quantity - Fish and Seafood Food Supply Quantity - Meat Foreign Direct Investment - Net Inflows Forest Area Forest Average Annual Change Forest Fire Extent Forest Harvest Rate Forest Plantation Annual Change Forest Plantation Extent Forest Primary Designated Function - Conservation of Biodiversity Forest Primary Designated Function - Production Forest Revenue Forest within Protected Areas Forests - Current Forests - Original Forests Certified by FSC- Accredited Certification Bodies Forests Certified by PEFC Chain of Custody - Area Forests Certified by PEFC Chain of Custody - Number of Certifications GTOPO30 Global Shaded Relief Gender Empowerment Measure (GEM) Gender-related Development Index (GDI) General Government Final Consumption Expenditure Gini Index Girls to Boys Ratio in Primary Education Enrolment GlobCover Land Cover (v2.2) Global 1Km Land Cover - UMD Legend Global 1km Land Cover - IGBP Legend Global 1km Land Cover - Olson Global Ecosystem Legend Global 1km Land Cover - USGS Legend Global Average Temperature Global Burnt Area Global Forest Canopy Density Global Forest Cover Global Humidity Index Global Lakes and Wetlands Database (GLWD-1) - Level 1 Global Lakes and Wetlands Database (GLWD-2) - Level 2 Global Lakes and Wetlands Database (GLWD-3) - Level 3 Global Land Cover 2000 (GLC 2000) Global Land-Ocean Temperature Anomaly Global Mean GHG in the Atmosphere Global Mean Land Surface Temperature Global Mean Sea Level (CSIRO) Global Mean Sea Level (NOAA/LSA) Global Mean Sea Level (University of Colorado) Global Mean Sea Surface Temperature Global Net Primary Production (NPP) Anomaly from Multi-year Average, 2000 Global Net Primary Production (NPP) Anomaly from Multi-year Average, 2001 Global Net Primary Production (NPP) Anomaly from Multi-year Average, 2002 Global Net Primary Production (NPP) Anomaly from Multi-year Average, 2003 Global Net Primary Production (NPP) Anomaly from Multi-year Average, 2004 Global Net Primary Production (NPP) Anomaly from Multi-year Average, 2005 Global Net Primary Production (NPP) Anomaly from Multi-year Average, 2006 Global Net Primary Production (NPP) Anomaly from Multi-year Average, 2007 Global Net Primary Production (NPP) Anomaly from Multi-year Average, 2008 Global Net Primary Production (NPP) Anomaly from Multi-year Average, 2009 Global Net Primary Production (NPP) Anomaly from Multi-year Average, 2010 Global Vegetation Index 1983-1990 Globally Averaged Marine Surface Annual Mean Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Concentration Green Water Footprint of National Production Grey Water Footprint of National Production Gridded Population of the World - Population Gridded Population of the World - Population Density Gridded Population of the World: Future Estimates - Population Gridded Population of the World: Future Estimates - Population Density Gross Domestic Product Gross Domestic Product - Annual Percentage Growth Rate Gross Domestic Product - Purchasing Power Parity Gross Enrolment Ratio in Primary Education Gross Enrolment Ratio in Secondary Education Gross Enrolment Ratio in Tertiary Education (ISCED Categories 5 and 6) Gross National Income Groundwater Produced Internally Groundwater Resources and Recharge (WMS Test) Growing Stock in Forest Hazardous Pesticides - Exports Hazardous Pesticides - Imports Hazardous Waste - Production Healthy Life Expectancy (HALE) Hospital Beds - per 10 000 Population Household Final Consumption Expenditure - Total Human Appropriation of Net Primary Productivity (HANPP) as a Percentage of Net Primary Productivity (NPP) Human Development Index (HDI) Human Impact on Marine Ecosystems Human Induced Soil Degradation (GLASOD) Human Poverty Index for Developing Countries (HPI-1) ISO 14001 Certifications Imports of Goods and Services Improved Drinking Water Coverage - Rural Population Improved Drinking Water Coverage - Rural Population as Percentage of Rural Population Improved Drinking Water Coverage - Total Population Improved Drinking Water Coverage - Total Population as Percentage of Total Population Improved Drinking Water Coverage - Urban Population Improved Drinking Water Coverage - Urban Population as Percentage of Urban Population Improved Sanitation Coverage - Rural Population Improved Sanitation Coverage - Rural Population as Percentage of Rural Population Improved Sanitation Coverage - Total Population Improved Sanitation Coverage - Total Population as Percentage of Total Population Improved Sanitation Coverage - Urban Population Improved Sanitation Coverage - Urban Population as Percentage of Urban Population Industry Value Added Infant Mortality Rate Insects - Number of Critically Endangered Species Insects - Number of Endangered Species Insects - Number of Species Evaluated Insects - Number of Species Evaluated, as % of Species Described Insects - Number of Threatened Species Insects - Number of Vulnerable Species International Tourism - Arrivals International Tourism - Departures Irrigated Areas Land Area Land Area where Elevation is Below 5 meters - Percent of Land Area Large Marine Ecosystem (LME) Lead (Pb) Consumption Lead (Pb) Production Length of Available Growing Period Length of Coastline Life Expectancy Living Planet Index - Freshwater Living Planet Index - Global Living Planet Index - Marine Living Planet Index - Temperate Living Planet Index - Terrestrial Living Planet Index - Tropical Major Rare Earth Element (REE) Mines, Deposits and Occurrences of the World Mammals - Number of Critically Endangered Species Mammals - Number of Endangered Species Mammals - Number of Species Evaluated Mammals - Number of Species Evaluated, as % of Species Described Mammals - Number of Threatened Species Mammals - Number of Vulnerable Species Mangroves Mangroves Forest Extent - Protected Area Mangroves Forest Extent - Total Area Manufacturing Value Added Map of the Natural Vegetation Marine + Terrestrial Area for WDPA - BIDON Marine Area for WDPA - BIDON Maternal Mortality Ratio Matthews Cultivation Intensity Matthews Vegetation Mean Annual Precipitation Mean Annual Rainfall Mercury (Hg) Production Military Expenditures - Percent of GDP Mineral Resources Data System (MRDS) Mineral Resources Outside the United States Mobile Cellular Subscriptions per 100 Inhabitants Modis Blue Marble Land Surface Molluscs - Number of Critically Endangered Species Molluscs - Number of Endangered Species Molluscs - Number of Species Evaluated Molluscs - Number of Species Evaluated, as % of Species Described Molluscs - Number of Threatened Species Molluscs - Number of Vulnerable Species Most Suitable Cereal Motor Vehicles in Use - Commercial Vehicles per Thousand People Motor Vehicles in Use - Number of Commercial Vehicles Motor Vehicles in Use - Number of Passenger Cars Motor Vehicles in Use - Passenger Cars per Thousand People Municipal Waste Collection Net Enrolment Ratios in Primary Education Net Enrolment Ratios in Secondary Education Net Migration Net Migration Rate Net Number of Migrants Net ODA Received - per Capita Net Official Aid Received Net Production Index - Agriculture Net Production Index - Cereals Net Production Index - Crops Net Production Index - Food Net Production Index - Livestock Net Reproduction Rate Nighttime Lights of the World - Human Settlements Nitrogen (N Total Nutrients) - Consumption in Nutrients Nitrogen (N Total Nutrients) - Export Quantity in Nutrients Nitrogen (N Total Nutrients) - Import Quantity in Nutrients Nitrogen (N Total Nutrients) - Production in Nutrients Nuclear Power Reactors Operable - Electrical Output Nuclear Power Reactors Operable - Number Nuclear Power Reactors Planned - Electrical Output Nuclear Power Reactors Planned - Number Nuclear Power Reactors Proposed - Electrical Output Nuclear Power Reactors Proposed - Number Nuclear Power Reactors Under Construction - Electrical Output Nuclear Power Reactors Under Construction - Number Nuclear Waste - Spent Fuel Arisings Number of Parties to 13 Multilateral Environmental Agreements (MEAs) Number of Physicians Number of people undernourished Nursing and Midwifery Personnel Density - per 10 000 Population Ocean Acidification Official Development Assistance and Official Aid Official List of MDG Indicators Oil Palm Fruit - Area Harvested Other Wooded Land Extent Participation in Treaties - Basel Convention Participation in Treaties - Convention on Biological Diversity Participation in Treaties - Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora Participation in Treaties - Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals Participation in Treaties - Kyoto Protocol Participation in Treaties - Ramsar Convention on Wetlands Participation in Treaties - Rotterdam Convention Participation in Treaties - Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants Participation in Treaties - United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea Participation in Treaties - United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification Participation in Treaties - United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change Participation in Treaties - Vienna Convention and Montreal Protocol Participation in Treaties - World Heritage Convention Patent Applications - Residents Patent Applications - non Residents Per Capita Food Production Variability Per Capita Food Supply Variability Percentage of Arable Land Equipped for Irrigation Percentage of Population Below US $ 1.25 per Day Consumption Percentage of Population Below US $ 2 per Day Consumption Permanent Crops Permanent Crops Irrigated Permanent Meadows and Pastures Personal Computers per 100 People Pesticides Consumption - Fungicides, Bactericides Pesticides Consumption - Herbicides Pesticides Consumption - Insecticides Pesticides Consumption - Mineral Oils Pesticides Consumption - Plant Growth Regulators Pesticides Consumption - Rodenticides Phosphate (P2O5 Total Nutrients) - Consumption Phosphate (P2O5 Total Nutrients) - Production Phosphate Fertilizers (P205 Total Nutrients) - Export Quantity in Nutrients Phosphate Fertilizers (P205 Total Nutrients) - Import Quantity in Nutrients Plant Species - Threatened Plants - Number of Critically Endangered Species Plants - Number of Endangered Species Plants - Number of Species Evaluated Plants - Number of Species Evaluated, as % of Species Described Plants - Number of Threatened Species Plants - Number of Vulnerable Species Plastics Production Population - Aged 0 - 4 Population - Aged 15 - 64 Population - Aged 65 and Over Population - Female - BIDON Population - Median Age Population - Sex Ratio Population - Total - BIDON Population - Total Female Population - Total Male Population - Total both Sexes Population Affected by Water Related Disease Population Connected to Public Waste Water Treatement Plants Population Density Population Growth Rate Population Using Solid Fuels Population Within 100 Kilometers of Coast Population in Drylands - Percent of Total Population Population in Drylands - Total Potash (K2O Total Nutrients) - Consumption Potash (K2O Total Nutrients) - Production Potential Evapotranspiration Potential Grain Production per Person - High Inputs Potential Grain Production per Person - Low Inputs Potential Rainfed Food Production - Low Inputs Poverty Gap at US $ 1.25 (PPP) Poverty Gap at US $ 2 (PPP) Precipitation - Cubic Kilometers Precipitation - Millimeters Primary Forest Annual Change Primary Forest Extent Proportion of Households with Access to Secure Tenure Proportion of Land Area Covered by Forest Proportion of Total Renewable Water Resources Protected Areas (Marine, IUCN Categories I-VI and not Classified) - Percent of Marine Area Protected Areas (Marine, IUCN Categories I-VI and not Classified) - Total Protected Areas (Terrestrial and Marine Combined, IUCN Categories I-VI and not Classified) - Percent of Total Territorial Area Protected Areas (Terrestrial and Marine Combined, IUCN Categories I-VI and not Classified) - Total Protected Areas (Terrestrial, IUCN Categories I-VI and not Classified) - Percent of Terrestrial Area Protected Areas (Terrestrial, IUCN Categories I-VI and not Classified) - Total Protected Areas International - All International Sites (Points) Protected Areas International - All International Sites (Polygons) Protected Areas International - All National Sites (Points) Protected Areas International - All National Sites (Polygons) Protected Areas International - All National and International Marine Sites (Points) Protected Areas International - All National and International Marine Sites (Polygons) Protected Areas International - All National and International Sites (Points) Protected Areas International - All National and International Sites (Polygons) Protected Areas International - Biosphere Reserves, Ramsar and World Heritage Sites (Points) Protected Areas International - Biosphere Reserves, Ramsar and World Heritage Sites (Polygons) Protected Areas International - Regional Conventions and Agreements (Points) Protected Areas International - Regional Conventions and Agreements (Polygons) Protected Areas National - IUCN category I to VI (Points) Protected Areas National - IUCN category I to VI (Polygons) Protected Areas National - IUCN unkown (Points) Protected Areas National - IUCN unkown (Polygons) Protected Areas National - Other Areas (Points) Protected Areas National - Other Areas (Polygons) Railways Lines - Total Route-km Railways Traffic - Goods Hauled Railways Traffic - Passenger Carried Rapeseed (Colza) - Area Harvested Ratio of Literate Women to Men Aged 15-24 Refugee Population by Country of Asylum Refugee Population by Country of Origin Renewable Energy Supply Index - Biofuels (IEA) Renewable Energy Supply Index - Geothermal (IEA) Renewable Energy Supply Index - Hydro (IEA) Renewable Energy Supply Index - Solar (IEA) Renewable Energy Supply Index - Tide, Wave, Ocean (IEA) Renewable Energy Supply Index - Total Renewables (including Waste) (IEA) Renewable Energy Supply Index - Wind (IEA) Reported Cholera Cases - Number of Cases Reported Cholera Cases - Number of Deaths Reported Malaria Cases - Total Number Reported Malaria Cases - Total Number per 100,000 Population Reptiles - Number of Critically Endangered Species Reptiles - Number of Endangered Species Reptiles - Number of Species Evaluated Reptiles - Number of Species Evaluated, as % of Species Described Reptiles - Number of Threatened Species Reptiles - Number of Vulnerable Species Research and Development Expenditure - percent of GDP Rice - Area Harvested Rice - Area Harvested BIDON for aggregations only Rice - Production Rice - Yield River Network - HydroSHEDS Roundwood - Production Rural Population - Total School Age Population - Primary School Age Population - Secondary School Age Population - Tertiary Sea Ice Area (North) Sea Ice Area (South) Sea Ice Extent (North) Sea Ice Extent (South) September Sea Ice Extent (North) Services Value Added - Percent of GDP Sewage Sludge Production Share of Food Expenditure of the Poor Slides - Killed People Soil Map of the European Communities (CORINE) Soil Production Index Soybeans - Area Harvested Sugar Beet - Area Harvested Sugar Cane - Area Harvested Sunflower Seed - Area Harvested Surface Micro- and Mesoplastic Concentrations in Western Mediterranean Sea and Eastern Atlantic Ocean Surface Water Produced Internally Teaching Staff in Primary Education Teaching Staff in Secondary Education Teaching Staff in Tertiary Education Telephone Main Lines in Use Telephone Main Lines in Use per 100 People Television Sets Television Sets per 1000 People Terrestrial Area for WDPA - BIDON Territorial Sea Threats to Reefs Total Amount of Generated Hazardous Wastes Total Amount of Generated Other Wastes Total Area Equipped for Irrigation Total Dam Capacity Total Final Energy Consumption - Biodiesel (IEA) Total Final Energy Consumption - Biogasoline (IEA) Total Final Energy Consumption - Other Liquid Biofuels (IEA) Total Final Energy Consumption - Total (IEA) Total Forest Extent Total Health Expenditure - Percent of GDP Total Number of Graduates in Tertiary Education Total Pesticides - Exports Total Pesticides - Imports Total Primary Energy Supply - Coal and Coal Products (IEA) Total Primary Energy Supply - Combustible Renewables and Waste (IEA) Total Primary Energy Supply - Crude Oil (IEA) Total Primary Energy Supply - Geothermal (IEA) Total Primary Energy Supply - Hydro (IEA) Total Primary Energy Supply - Natural Gas (IEA) Total Primary Energy Supply - Nuclear (IEA) Total Primary Energy Supply - Petroleum Products (IEA) Total Primary Energy Supply - Solar, Wind, Tide and Other (IEA) Total Primary Energy Supply - Total (IEA) Total Surface Area Total Unemployment - Percent of Total Labor Force Trade - Percent of GDP Transboundary Movements of Hazardous and Other Wastes - Exports Transboundary Movements of Hazardous and Other Wastes - Imports Transport Sector Diesel Fuel Consumption per Capita Transport Sector Gasoline Fuel Consumption per Capita Traveltime to Major Cities: A Global Map of Accessibility Treated Waste Water Reused Under-Five Mortality Rate Urban Population - Average Annual Growth Rate Urban Population - Average Annual Growth Rate - BIDON Urban Population - Percent of Total Population Urban Population - Total WWF Ecoregions - Major Habitat Types (Biomes) Legend WWF Ecoregions - Terrestrial Ecoregions Legend Waste Recycling Rates - Glass Waste Recycling Rates - Paper and Cardboard Water Footprint Water Quality for Major Watersheds Water Quality for Selected Lakes Water Resources - Dependency Ratio Water Resources - Overlap Between Surface Water and Groundwater Water Resources - Total Exploitable Water Resources - Total External (Actual) Water Resources - Total Internal Renewable Water Resources - Total Renewable (Actual) Water Use - Agricultural Water Withdrawal Water Use - Industrial Water Withdrawal Water Use - Municipal Water Withdrawal Water Use - Total Groundwater Withdrawal Water Use - Total Surface Water Withdrawal Water Use - Total Water Withdrawal Water footprint of consumption of agricultural products Water footprint of consumption of industrial products Water footprint of domestic water consumption Watershed Boundaries - HydroSHEDS Watershed Boundaries Level 1 - HYDRO1k Watershed Boundaries Level 2 - HYDRO1k Watershed Boundaries Level 3 - HYDRO1k Waves/Surges - Killed People Wetlands Wetlands of International Importance (Ramsar Sites) - Area Wetlands of International Importance (Ramsar Sites) - Number Whites Vegetation Map Wild Fires - Killed People Wilderness Areas Wind Storms - Killed People Wood Fuel Production World Heritage Sites - Number

網址：http://geodata.grid.unep.ch
8、FAO GeoNetwork

FAO是一個全球地理信息系統數據集，通過它你可以下載到農業、漁業、土地資源相關的GIS數據，同時它提供相關衛星圖像數據。

數據類型包括：行政和政治邊界，農業和畜牧業，應用生態學，基礎地圖、遙感和地名，生物和生態資源，氣候，漁業和水產養殖，林業，人類健康，水文水資源，基礎設施，土地覆蓋與土地利用，人口與社會經濟指標，土壤和土壤資源，地形

包含源數據。

元數據結構：

數據分類體系：

網址：http://www.fao.org/geonetwork/srv/en/main.home

9、NASA Earth Observations (NEO)

NEO專注于提供全球范圍內的衛星影像（大氣、能源、土地、生活、海洋等50多種不同數據專題）。通過NEO可以查看地球氣候和環境狀況的每日快照。

網址：http://neo.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov

10、ISCGM Global Map

全球制圖指導委員會（iscgm）：ISCGM提供的數據種類包括全球土地和森林覆蓋數據集。同時一些文化和自然矢量數（邊界、排水、交通、人口中心、海拔、土地覆蓋、土地利用和植被）也能在這里獲取。

網址：http://www.iscgm.org

11、中國科學院數據云

免費數據包括：

LANDSAT 系列數據（52.6TB），MODIS 陸地標準產品（80.0TB），MODIS 中國合成產品（8.7TB），MODISL1B 標準產品（165.1TB），DEM 數字高程數據（1.3TB），EO-1 系列數據（3.2TB），NOAAA VHRR 數據產品（），大氣污染插值數據（），Sentinel數據（4.8TB）……

商業數據包括：

高分一號、高分二號、高分三號。

注：網站還提供了數據的空間檢索、數據眾包等。

網站：http://www.gscloud.cn

轉載于:https://www.cnblogs.com/Micang/p/5750659.html

總結

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