201771010119穷吉第八周
實驗六?接口的定義與使用
實驗時間?2018-10-18
理論知識:
接口體中包含常量定義和方法定義,接口中只進行方法的聲明,不提供方法的實現(xiàn)。
類似建立類的繼承關(guān)系,接口也可以擴展。接口的擴展技術(shù)使得從具有較高通用性的接口存在多條鏈延伸到具有較高專用性的接口。
通常接口的名字以able或ible結(jié)尾;可以使用extends來繼承接口的常量和抽象方法,擴展形成新的接口;接口中的所有常量必須是public static final,方法必須是public abstract,這是系統(tǒng)默認的,不管你在定義接口時,寫不寫修飾符都是一樣的。
一個類使用了某個接口,那么這個類必須實現(xiàn)該接口的所有方法,即為這些方法提供方法體。一個類可以實現(xiàn)多個接口,接口間應(yīng)該用逗號分隔開。例:class Employee implements Cloneable,Comparable
若實現(xiàn)接口的類不是抽象類,則必須實現(xiàn)所有接口的所有方法,即為所有的抽象方法定義方 法體。一個類在實現(xiàn)某接口抽象方法時,必須使用完全相同的方法名、參數(shù)列表和返回值類型。接口抽象方法的訪問控制符已指定為public, 所以類在實現(xiàn)時,必須顯式地使用public修飾符,否則被警告縮小了接口中定義的方法的訪問控制范圍。
接口不能構(gòu)造接口對象,但可以聲明接口變量以指向一個實現(xiàn)了該接口的類對象。可以用instanceof檢查對象是否實現(xiàn)了某個接口
對象克隆
Object類的Clone方法
? Object類的clone()方法是一個native方法。
? Object類中的 clone()方法被protected修飾符修飾。 這意味著在用戶編寫的代碼中不能直接調(diào)用它。如果要直接應(yīng)用clone()方法,就需 覆蓋clone()方法,并要把clone()方法的屬性設(shè)置為 public。
? Object.clone()方法返回一個Object對象。必須進行強 制類型轉(zhuǎn)換才能得到需要的類型。
Lambda 表達式的語法基本結(jié)構(gòu) (arguments) -> body
1、實驗?zāi)康呐c要求
(1) 掌握接口定義方法;
(2) 掌握實現(xiàn)接口類的定義要求;
(3) 掌握實現(xiàn)了接口類的使用要求;
(4) 掌握程序回調(diào)設(shè)計模式;
(5) 掌握Comparator接口用法;
(6) 掌握對象淺層拷貝與深層拷貝方法;
(7) 掌握Lambda表達式語法;
(8) 了解內(nèi)部類的用途及語法要求。
2、實驗內(nèi)容和步驟
實驗1:?導(dǎo)入第6章示例程序,測試程序并進行代碼注釋。
測試程序1:
l?編輯、編譯、調(diào)試運行閱讀教材214頁-215頁程序6-1、6-2,理解程序并分析程序運行結(jié)果;
l?在程序中相關(guān)代碼處添加新知識的注釋。
l?掌握接口的實現(xiàn)用法;
l?掌握內(nèi)置接口Compareable的用法
package interfaces;import java.util.*;/** * This program demonstrates the use of the Comparable interface. * @version 1.30 2004-02-27 * @author Cay Horstmann */ public class EmployeeSortTest { public static void main(String[] args) { Employee[] staff = new Employee[3]; staff[0] = new Employee("Harry Hacker", 35000); staff[1] = new Employee("Carl Cracker", 75000); staff[2] = new Employee("Tony Tester", 38000); Arrays.sort(staff); //輸出所有關(guān)于Employee對象的信息 for (Employee e : staff) System.out.println("name=" + e.getName() + ",salary=" + e.getSalary()); } }第二 package interfaces;public class Employee implements Comparable<Employee> //創(chuàng)建一個泛型Comparable接口,提供一個類型參數(shù),比較Employee類的對象并進行排序 { private String name; private double salary; public Employee(String name, double salary) { this.name = name; this.salary = salary; } public String getName() { return name; } public double getSalary() { return salary; } public void raiseSalary(double byPercent) { double raise = salary * byPercent / 100; salary += raise; } /** * Compares employees by salary * @param other another Employee object * @return a negative value if this employee has a lower salary than * otherObject, 0 if the salaries are the same, a positive value otherwise */ public int compareTo(Employee other) { return Double.compare(salary, other.salary);//運用double調(diào)用compare來進行比較 //salary的大小兩兩互相比較,升序排出salary的大小 } }
結(jié)果:
測試程序2:
l?編輯、編譯、調(diào)試以下程序,結(jié)合程序運行結(jié)果理解程序
interface ?A
{
??double g=9.8;
??void show( );
}
class C implements A
//對C使用A接口的方法
{
??public void show( )
??{
? System.out.println("g="+g);
? }
}
?
class InterfaceTest
{
??public static void main(String[ ] args)
??{
???????A a=new C( );
???????a.show( );
???????System.out.println("g="+C.g);
}
結(jié)果;
測試程序3:
l?在elipse IDE中調(diào)試運行教材223頁6-3,結(jié)合程序運行結(jié)果理解程序;
l?26行、36行代碼參閱224頁,詳細內(nèi)容涉及教材12章。
l?在程序中相關(guān)代碼處添加新知識的注釋。
l?掌握回調(diào)程序設(shè)計模式
package timer;/**@version 1.01 2015-05-12@author Cay Horstmann */ import java.awt.*; import java.awt.event.*; import java.util.*; import javax.swing.*; import javax.swing.Timer; // to resolve conflict with java.util.Timer public class TimerTest { public static void main(String[] args) { ActionListener listener = new TimePrinter();// ActionListener listener被new TimePrinter接口引用 // 構(gòu)造一個timer對象存放在變量里,叫做listener// 每次間隔10秒
Timer t = new Timer(10000, listener);
t.start();//用T調(diào)用start對象
JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null, "Quit program?");
System.exit(0);
}
}
class TimePrinter implements ActionListener
{
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent event)
{
System.out.println("At the tone, the time is " + new Date());
Toolkit.getDefaultToolkit().beep(); //每隔10秒響一次
}
}
結(jié)果:
測試程序4:
l?調(diào)試運行教材229頁-231頁程序6-4、6-5,結(jié)合程序運行結(jié)果理解程序;
l?在程序中相關(guān)代碼處添加新知識的注釋。
l?掌握對象克隆實現(xiàn)技術(shù);
l?掌握淺拷貝和深拷貝的差別。
package clone;/*** This program demonstrates cloning.* @version 1.10 2002-07-01 * @author Cay Horstmann */ public class CloneTest { public static void main(String[] args) { try //放入try中,配合后面的語句捕獲異常 { Employee original = new Employee("John Q. Public", 50000); original.setHireDay(2000, 1, 1); Employee copy = original.clone(); copy.raiseSalary(10); copy.setHireDay(2002, 12, 31); System.out.println("original=" + original); System.out.println("copy=" + copy); } catch (CloneNotSupportedException e) //捕獲異常 { e.printStackTrace(); } } }package clone;import java.util.Date; import java.util.GregorianCalendar; public class Employee implements Cloneable { private String name; private double salary; private Date hireDay; public Employee(String name, double salary) { this.name = name; this.salary = salary; hireDay = new Date(); } public Employee clone() throws CloneNotSupportedException { // call Object.clone() Employee cloned = (Employee) super.clone(); // clone mutable fields cloned.hireDay = (Date) hireDay.clone(); return cloned; } /** * Set the hire day to a given date. * @param year the year of the hire day * @param month the month of the hire day * @param day the day of the hire day */ public void setHireDay(int year, int month, int day) { Date newHireDay = new GregorianCalendar(year, month - 1, day).getTime(); // Example of instance field mutation hireDay.setTime(newHireDay.getTime()); } public void raiseSalary(double byPercent) { double raise = salary * byPercent / 100; salary += raise; } public String toString() { return "Employee[name=" + name + ",salary=" + salary + ",hireDay=" + hireDay + "]"; } }
結(jié)果“
實驗2:?導(dǎo)入第6章示例程序6-6,學(xué)習(xí)Lambda表達式用法。
l?調(diào)試運行教材233頁-234頁程序6-6,結(jié)合程序運行結(jié)果理解程序;
l?在程序中相關(guān)代碼處添加新知識的注釋。
l?將27-29行代碼與教材223頁程序?qū)Ρ?#xff0c;將27-29行代碼與此程序?qū)Ρ?#xff0c;體會Lambda表達式的優(yōu)點。
package lambda;import java.util.*;import javax.swing.*; import javax.swing.Timer; /** * This program demonstrates the use of lambda expressions. * @version 1.0 2015-05-12 * @author Cay Horstmann */ public class LambdaTest { public static void main(String[] args) { String[] planets = new String[] { "Mercury", "Venus", "Earth", "Mars", "Jupiter", "Saturn", "Uranus", "Neptune" }; System.out.println(Arrays.toString(planets)); System.out.println("Sorted in dictionary order:"); Arrays.sort(planets); System.out.println(Arrays.toString(planets)); System.out.println("Sorted by length:"); Arrays.sort(planets, (first, second) -> first.length() - second.length()); System.out.println(Arrays.toString(planets)); Timer t = new Timer(1000, event -> System.out.println("The time is " + new Date())); t.start(); // keep program running until user selects "Ok" JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null, "Quit program?"); System.exit(0); } }結(jié)果:
實驗3:?編程練習(xí)
?
l?編制一個程序,將身份證號.txt 中的信息讀入到內(nèi)存中;
?
l?按姓名字典序輸出人員信息;
?
l?查詢最大年齡的人員信息;
?
l?查詢最小年齡人員信息;
?
l?輸入你的年齡,查詢身份證號.txt中年齡與你最近人的姓名、身份證號、年齡、性別和出生地;
?
查詢?nèi)藛T中是否有你的同鄉(xiāng)。
package ID;public class Person implements Comparable<Person> { private String name; private String ID; private int age; private String sex; private String birthplace;public String getname() { return name; } public void setname(String name) { this.name = name; } public String getID() { return ID; } public void setID(String ID) { this.ID= ID; } public int getage() {return age; } public void setage(int age) {this.age= age; } public String getsex() { return sex; } public void setsex(String sex) { this.sex= sex; } public String getbirthplace() { return birthplace; } public void setbirthplace(String birthplace) { this.birthplace= birthplace; }public int compareTo(Person o) {return this.name.compareTo(o.getname()); } public String toString() {return name+"\t"+sex+"\t"+age+"\t"+ID+"\t"+birthplace+"\n"; }} package ID;import java.io.BufferedReader; import java.io.File; import java.io.FileInputStream; import java.io.FileNotFoundException; import java.io.IOException; import java.io.InputStreamReader; import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.Arrays; import java.util.Collections; import java.util.Scanner;public class Main{private static ArrayList<Person> Personlist;public static void main(String[] args) {Personlist = new ArrayList<>();Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);File file = new File("C:\\mydirectory\\身份證號.txt");try {FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(file);BufferedReader in = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(fis));String temp = null;while ((temp = in.readLine()) != null) {Scanner linescanner = new Scanner(temp);linescanner.useDelimiter(" "); String name = linescanner.next();String ID = linescanner.next();String sex = linescanner.next();String age = linescanner.next();String place =linescanner.nextLine();Person Person = new Person();Person.setname(name);Person.setID(ID);Person.setsex(sex);int a = Integer.parseInt(age);Person.setage(a);Person.setbirthplace(place);Personlist.add(Person);}} catch (FileNotFoundException e) {System.out.println("查找不到信息");e.printStackTrace();} catch (IOException e) {System.out.println("信息讀取有誤");e.printStackTrace();}boolean isTrue = true;while (isTrue) {System.out.println("1:按姓名字典序輸出人員信息");System.out.println("2:查詢最大年齡與最小年齡人員信息");System.out.println("3:按省份找同鄉(xiāng)");System.out.println("4:輸入你的年齡,查詢年齡與你最近人的信息");System.out.println("5:退出");int nextInt = scanner.nextInt(); switch (nextInt) {case 1:Collections.sort(Personlist);System.out.println(Personlist.toString());break;case 2: int max=0,min=100;int j,k1 = 0,k2=0;for(int i=1;i<Personlist.size();i++){j=Personlist.get(i).getage();if(j>max){max=j; k1=i;}if(j<min){min=j; k2=i;}} System.out.println("年齡最大:"+Personlist.get(k1));System.out.println("年齡最小:"+Personlist.get(k2));break;case 3:System.out.println("省份?");String find = scanner.next(); String place=find.substring(0,3);String place2=find.substring(0,3);for (int i = 0; i <Personlist.size(); i++) {if(Personlist.get(i).getbirthplace().substring(1,4).equals(place)) System.out.println("同鄉(xiāng) "+Personlist.get(i));} break;case 4:System.out.println("年齡:");int yourage = scanner.nextInt();int near=agenear(yourage);int d_value=yourage-Personlist.get(near).getage();System.out.println(""+Personlist.get(near));break;case 5:isTrue = false;System.out.println("歡迎使用!");break;default:System.out.println("輸入有誤");}}}public static int agenear(int age) {int j=0,min=53,d_value=0,k=0;for (int i = 0; i < Personlist.size(); i++){d_value=Personlist.get(i).getage()-age;if(d_value<0) d_value=-d_value; if (d_value<min) {min=d_value;k=i;}} return k;}}?
實驗4:內(nèi)部類語法驗證實驗
實驗程序1:
l?編輯、調(diào)試運行教材246頁-247頁程序6-7,結(jié)合程序運行結(jié)果理解程序;
l?了解內(nèi)部類的基本用法。
package innerClass;import java.awt.*; import java.awt.event.*; import java.util.*; import javax.swing.*; import javax.swing.Timer; /** * This program demonstrates the use of inner classes. * @version 1.11 2015-05-12 * @author Cay Horstmann */ public class InnerClassTest { public static void main(String[] args) { TalkingClock clock = new TalkingClock(1000, true); clock.start(); // keep program running until user selects "Ok" JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null, "Quit program?"); System.exit(0); } } /** * A clock that prints the time in regular intervals. */ class TalkingClock { private int interval; private boolean beep; /** * Constructs a talking clock * @param interval the interval between messages (in milliseconds) * @param beep true if the clock should beep */ public TalkingClock(int interval, boolean beep) { this.interval = interval; this.beep = beep; } /** * Starts the clock. */ public void start() { ActionListener listener = new TimePrinter(); Timer t = new Timer(interval, listener); t.start(); } public class TimePrinter implements ActionListener { public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent event) { System.out.println("At the tone, the time is " + new Date()); if (beep) Toolkit.getDefaultToolkit().beep(); } } }結(jié)果:
實驗程序2:
l?編輯、調(diào)試運行教材254頁程序6-8,結(jié)合程序運行結(jié)果理解程序;
l?了解匿名內(nèi)部類的用法。
package anonymousInnerClass;import java.awt.*; import java.awt.event.*; import java.util.*; import javax.swing.*; import javax.swing.Timer; /** * This program demonstrates anonymous inner classes. * @version 1.11 2015-05-12 * @author Cay Horstmann */ public class AnonymousInnerClassTest { public static void main(String[] args) { TalkingClock clock = new TalkingClock(); clock.start(1000, true); // keep program running until user selects "Ok" JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null, "Quit program?"); System.exit(0); } } /** * A clock that prints the time in regular intervals. */ class TalkingClock { /** * Starts the clock. * @param interval the interval between messages (in milliseconds) * @param beep true if the clock should beep */ public void start(int interval, boolean beep) { ActionListener listener = new ActionListener() { public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent event) { System.out.println("At the tone, the time is " + new Date()); if (beep) Toolkit.getDefaultToolkit().beep(); } }; Timer t = new Timer(interval, listener); t.start(); } }結(jié)果:
實驗程序3:
l?在elipse IDE中調(diào)試運行教材257頁-258頁程序6-9,結(jié)合程序運行結(jié)果理解程序;
l?了解靜態(tài)內(nèi)部類的用法。
package staticInnerClass;/*** This program demonstrates the use of static inner classes.* @version 1.02 2015-05-12 * @author Cay Horstmann */ public class StaticInnerClassTest { public static void main(String[] args) { double[] d = new double[20]; for (int i = 0; i < d.length; i++) d[i] = 100 * Math.random(); ArrayAlg.Pair p = ArrayAlg.minmax(d); System.out.println("min = " + p.getFirst()); System.out.println("max = " + p.getSecond()); } } class ArrayAlg { /** * A pair of floating-point numbers */ public static class Pair { private double first; private double second; /** * Constructs a pair from two floating-point numbers * @param f the first number * @param s the second number */ public Pair(double f, double s) { first = f; second = s; } /** * Returns the first number of the pair * @return the first number */ public double getFirst() { return first; } /** * Returns the second number of the pair * @return the second number */ public double getSecond() { return second; } } /** * Computes both the minimum and the maximum of an array * @param values an array of floating-point numbers * @return a pair whose first element is the minimum and whose second element * is the maximum */ public static Pair minmax(double[] values) { double min = Double.POSITIVE_INFINITY; double max = Double.NEGATIVE_INFINITY; for (double v : values) { if (min > v) min = v; if (max < v) max = v; } return new Pair(min, max); } }結(jié)果: 實驗總結(jié):通過這次學(xué)習(xí)了解了接口的定義和接口的種種知識,還有克隆和拷貝知識。
轉(zhuǎn)載于:https://www.cnblogs.com/qiongji/p/9824838.html
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