? ? ? ? 運行pytest可以指定目錄和文件，如果不指定，pytest會搜索當前目錄及其子目錄中以test_開頭或以_test結尾得測試函數。我們把pytest搜索測試文件和測試用例的過程稱為測試搜索（test discovery）。只要遵循pytest的命名規則，pytest就能自動搜索所有待執行的測試用例。

1、測試文件命名規則，test_xxx.py或xxx_test.py

2、方法、測試函數命名規則，test_xxx

3、測試類命名規則，Testxxx，并且不能帶有?init?方法

項目目錄：

test_01/test_01.py代碼如下：

#!/usr/bin/env python # _*_coding:utf-8_*_ import pytestclass Test(object):def test_login_01(self):"""用例1"""print('執行用例test_login_01斷言1')pytest.assume(1 == 1)print('執行用例test_login_01斷言2')pytest.assume(2 == 2)def test_login_02(self):"""用例2"""print('執行用例test_login_02斷言1')pytest.assume(3 == 3)print('執行用例test_login_02斷言2')pytest.assume(True)

test_01/test_02.py代碼如下：

#!/usr/bin/env python # _*_coding:utf-8_*_ import pytestclass Test(object):def test_login_03(self):"""用例1"""print('執行用例test_login_03斷言1')pytest.assume(1 == 1)print('執行用例test_login_03斷言2')pytest.assume(2 == 2)def test_login_04(self):"""用例2"""print('執行用例test_login_04斷言1')pytest.assume(3 == 3)print('執行用例test_login_04斷言2')pytest.assume(True)

?

不加任何參數，控制臺輸出了執行用例所在的文件、用例執行結果（..）、文件百分比

命令行執行：pytest

#test_01.pyif __name__ == '__main__':pytest.main()C:\Users\admin\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37\python.exe C:/Users/admin/Desktop/AutoTest/Test/test/test_01/test_01.py ============================= test session starts ============================= platform win32 -- Python 3.7.4, pytest-5.4.2, py-1.8.1, pluggy-0.13.1 rootdir: C:\Users\admin\Desktop\AutoTest\Test\test\test_01 plugins: assume-2.2.1, ordering-0.6 收集的測試用例:[<Function test_login_01>, <Function test_login_02>, <Function test_login_03>, <Function test_login_04>] collected 4 itemstest_01.py .. [ 50%] test_02.py .. [100%]============================== 4 passed in 0.08s ==============================Process finished with exit code 0

-v 說明：控制臺可以輸出用例更加詳細的執行信息，比如用例所在的文件、類、用例名稱、用例執行結果（PASSED）、用例百分比等。

命令行執行：pytest -v

#test_01.pyif __name__ == '__main__':pytest.main(['-v'])C:\Users\admin\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37\python.exe C:/Users/admin/Desktop/AutoTest/Test/test/test_01/test_01.py ============================= test session starts ============================= platform win32 -- Python 3.7.4, pytest-5.4.2, py-1.8.1, pluggy-0.13.1 -- C:\Users\admin\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37\python.exe cachedir: .pytest_cache rootdir: C:\Users\admin\Desktop\AutoTest\Test\test\test_01 plugins: assume-2.2.1, ordering-0.6 collecting ... 收集的測試用例:[<Function test_login_01>, <Function test_login_02>, <Function test_login_03>, <Function test_login_04>] collected 4 itemstest_01.py::Test::test_login_01 PASSED [ 25%] test_01.py::Test::test_login_02 PASSED [ 50%] test_02.py::Test::test_login_03 PASSED [ 75%] test_02.py::Test::test_login_04 PASSED [100%]============================== 4 passed in 0.08s ==============================Process finished with exit code 0

-k 說明：允許你使用表達式指定希望運行的測試用例，如果某測試用例名是唯一的，或者多個測試用例名的前綴和后綴相同，就可以使用表達式快速定位，如果你想執行的測試用例名字需包含login_01，就可以這么寫pytest.main(['-v', '-k', 'login_01])，如果你想執行的測試用例名字需包含login_01和login_03，就可以這沒寫pytest.main(['-v', '-k', 'login_01 or login_03'])

控制臺輸出了選擇了2個用例，未選擇2個用例、通過了2個用例

collected 4 items / 2 deselected / 2 selected

======================= 2 passed, 2 deselected in 0.05s =======================

命令行執行：pytest -k?'login_01 or login_03'

#test_01.pyif __name__ == '__main__':pytest.main(['-v', '-k', 'login_01 or login_03'])C:\Users\admin\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37\python.exe C:/Users/admin/Desktop/AutoTest/Test/test/test_01/test_01.py ============================= test session starts ============================= platform win32 -- Python 3.7.4, pytest-5.4.2, py-1.8.1, pluggy-0.13.1 -- C:\Users\admin\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37\python.exe cachedir: .pytest_cache rootdir: C:\Users\admin\Desktop\AutoTest\Test\test\test_01 plugins: assume-2.2.1, ordering-0.6 collecting ... 收集的測試用例:[<Function test_login_01>, <Function test_login_02>, <Function test_login_03>, <Function test_login_04>] collected 4 items / 2 deselected / 2 selectedtest_01.py::Test::test_login_01 PASSED [ 50%] test_02.py::Test::test_login_03 PASSED [100%]======================= 2 passed, 2 deselected in 0.05s =======================Process finished with exit code 0

-m 說明：標記用于測試用例并分組，以便快速選中并運行，以test_login_01（）和test_login_02（）為例，希望同時選中并執行，需預先做好標記，假設標記名是run，則可使用@pytest.mark.run裝飾器來做標記,調用執行用pytest.main(['-v', '-m', 'run'])

命令行執行：pytest -m run

#test_01.py#!/usr/bin/env python # _*_coding:utf-8_*_ import pytestclass Test(object):@pytest.mark.rundef test_login_01(self):"""用例1"""print('執行用例test_login_01斷言1')pytest.assume(1 == 1)print('執行用例test_login_01斷言2')pytest.assume(2 == 2)@pytest.mark.rundef test_login_02(self):"""用例2"""print('執行用例test_login_02斷言1')pytest.assume(3 == 3)print('執行用例test_login_02斷言2')pytest.assume(True)if __name__ == '__main__':pytest.main(['-v', '-m', 'run'])C:\Users\admin\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37\python.exe C:/Users/admin/Desktop/AutoTest/Test/test/test_01/test_01.py ============================= test session starts ============================= platform win32 -- Python 3.7.4, pytest-5.4.2, py-1.8.1, pluggy-0.13.1 -- C:\Users\admin\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37\python.exe cachedir: .pytest_cache rootdir: C:\Users\admin\Desktop\AutoTest\Test\test\test_01 plugins: assume-2.2.1, ordering-0.6 collecting ... 收集的測試用例:[<Function test_login_01>, <Function test_login_02>, <Function test_login_03>, <Function test_login_04>] collected 4 items / 2 deselected / 2 selectedtest_01.py::Test::test_login_01 PASSED [ 50%] test_01.py::Test::test_login_02 PASSED [100%]======================= 2 passed, 2 deselected in 0.07s =======================Process finished with exit code 0

-s 說明：該選項允許測試運行時輸出任何符合標準的輸出流信息，例如代碼里面的print。正常情況下，所有輸出都會被捕獲，測試失敗時，pytest會做出判斷并輸出失敗報告。

命令行執行：pytest -s

#test_01.pyif __name__ == '__main__':pytest.main(['-v', '-s'])C:\Users\admin\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37\python.exe C:/Users/admin/Desktop/AutoTest/Test/test/test_01/test_01.py ============================= test session starts ============================= platform win32 -- Python 3.7.4, pytest-5.4.2, py-1.8.1, pluggy-0.13.1 -- C:\Users\admin\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37\python.exe cachedir: .pytest_cache rootdir: C:\Users\admin\Desktop\AutoTest\Test\test\test_01 plugins: assume-2.2.1, ordering-0.6 collecting ... 收集的測試用例:[<Function test_login_01>, <Function test_login_02>, <Function test_login_03>, <Function test_login_04>] collected 4 itemstest_01.py::Test::test_login_01 執行用例test_login_01斷言1 執行用例test_login_01斷言2 PASSED test_01.py::Test::test_login_02 執行用例test_login_02斷言1 執行用例test_login_02斷言2 PASSED test_02.py::Test::test_login_03 執行用例test_login_03斷言1 執行用例test_login_03斷言2 PASSED test_02.py::Test::test_login_04 執行用例test_login_04斷言1 執行用例test_login_04斷言2 PASSED============================== 4 passed in 0.07s ==============================Process finished with exit code 0

-x 說明：正常情況下，pytest會運行每一個搜索到的測試用例，如果某個測試函數被斷言失敗，或者觸發了外部異常，則該測試用例的運行就會停止，pytest將其標記為失敗后會繼續運行下一個測試用例。通常這就是我們期望的運行模式，但是在debug時，我們希望遇到失敗時立即停止整個會話，這時-x就派上用場了。

命令行執行：pytest -x

#test_01.py#!/usr/bin/env python # _*_coding:utf-8_*_ import pytestclass Test(object):def test_login_01(self):"""用例1"""print('執行用例test_login_01斷言1')pytest.assume(1 == 0)print('執行用例test_login_01斷言2')pytest.assume(2 == 2)def test_login_02(self):"""用例2"""print('執行用例test_login_02斷言1')pytest.assume(3 == 3)print('執行用例test_login_02斷言2')pytest.assume(True)if __name__ == '__main__':pytest.main(['-v', '-x'])C:\Users\admin\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37\python.exe C:/Users/admin/Desktop/AutoTest/Test/test/test_01/test_01.py ============================= test session starts ============================= platform win32 -- Python 3.7.4, pytest-5.4.2, py-1.8.1, pluggy-0.13.1 -- C:\Users\admin\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37\python.exe cachedir: .pytest_cache rootdir: C:\Users\admin\Desktop\AutoTest\Test\test\test_01 plugins: assume-2.2.1, ordering-0.6 collecting ... 收集的測試用例:[<Function test_login_01>, <Function test_login_02>, <Function test_login_03>, <Function test_login_04>] collected 4 itemstest_01.py::Test::test_login_01 FAILED [ 25%]================================== FAILURES =================================== _____________________________ Test.test_login_01 ______________________________tp = <class 'pytest_assume.plugin.FailedAssumption'>, value = None, tb = Nonedef reraise(tp, value, tb=None):try:if value is None:value = tp()if value.__traceback__ is not tb: > raise value.with_traceback(tb) E pytest_assume.plugin.FailedAssumption: E 1 Failed Assumptions: E E test_01.py:11: AssumptionFailure E >> pytest.assume(1 == 0) E AssertionError: assert FalseC:\Users\admin\AppData\Roaming\Python\Python37\site-packages\six.py:702: FailedAssumption ---------------------------- Captured stdout call ----------------------------- 執行用例test_login_01斷言1 執行用例test_login_01斷言2 =========================== short test summary info =========================== FAILED test_01.py::Test::test_login_01 - pytest_assume.plugin.FailedAssumption: !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! stopping after 1 failures !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! ============================== 1 failed in 0.08s ==============================Process finished with exit code 0

--maxfail=num 說明：假設你允許pytest失敗幾次后再停止，則可以使用--maxfail選項，明確指定可以失敗幾次后停止整個會話。

命令行執行：pytest --maxfail=2

#test_01.py#!/usr/bin/env python # _*_coding:utf-8_*_ import pytestclass Test(object):def test_login_01(self):"""用例1"""print('執行用例test_login_01斷言1')pytest.assume(1 == 0)print('執行用例test_login_01斷言2')pytest.assume(2 == 2)def test_login_02(self):"""用例2"""print('執行用例test_login_02斷言1')pytest.assume(3 == 3)print('執行用例test_login_02斷言2')pytest.assume(True)

test_01.py中有一個斷言失敗，最大失敗次數設置成1 pytest.main(['-v', '--maxfail=1'])和pytest.main(['-v', '-x'])效果一樣的，當遇到第一個失敗時，就停止整個會話執行

#test_01.pyif __name__ == '__main__':pytest.main(['-v', '--maxfail=1'])C:\Users\admin\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37\python.exe C:/Users/admin/Desktop/AutoTest/Test/test/test_01/test_01.py ============================= test session starts ============================= platform win32 -- Python 3.7.4, pytest-5.4.2, py-1.8.1, pluggy-0.13.1 -- C:\Users\admin\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37\python.exe cachedir: .pytest_cache rootdir: C:\Users\admin\Desktop\AutoTest\Test\test\test_01 plugins: assume-2.2.1, ordering-0.6 collecting ... 收集的測試用例:[<Function test_login_01>, <Function test_login_02>, <Function test_login_03>, <Function test_login_04>] collected 4 itemstest_01.py::Test::test_login_01 FAILED [ 25%]================================== FAILURES =================================== _____________________________ Test.test_login_01 ______________________________tp = <class 'pytest_assume.plugin.FailedAssumption'>, value = None, tb = Nonedef reraise(tp, value, tb=None):try:if value is None:value = tp()if value.__traceback__ is not tb: > raise value.with_traceback(tb) E pytest_assume.plugin.FailedAssumption: E 1 Failed Assumptions: E E test_01.py:11: AssumptionFailure E >> pytest.assume(1 == 0) E AssertionError: assert FalseC:\Users\admin\AppData\Roaming\Python\Python37\site-packages\six.py:702: FailedAssumption ---------------------------- Captured stdout call ----------------------------- 執行用例test_login_01斷言1 執行用例test_login_01斷言2 =========================== short test summary info =========================== FAILED test_01.py::Test::test_login_01 - pytest_assume.plugin.FailedAssumption: !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! stopping after 1 failures !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! ============================== 1 failed in 0.06s ==============================Process finished with exit code 0

test_01.py中有一個斷言失敗，最大失敗次數設置成2?pytest.main(['-v', '--maxfail=2'])，當遇到第一個失敗時，未滿足2個失敗的條件，所以會繼續執行后續的用例。

#test_01.py#!/usr/bin/env python # _*_coding:utf-8_*_ import pytestclass Test(object):def test_login_01(self):"""用例1"""print('執行用例test_login_01斷言1')pytest.assume(1 == 0)print('執行用例test_login_01斷言2')pytest.assume(2 == 2)def test_login_02(self):"""用例2"""print('執行用例test_login_02斷言1')pytest.assume(3 == 3)print('執行用例test_login_02斷言2')pytest.assume(True)if __name__ == '__main__':pytest.main(['-v', '--maxfail=2'])C:\Users\admin\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37\python.exe C:/Users/admin/Desktop/AutoTest/Test/test/test_01/test_01.py ============================= test session starts ============================= platform win32 -- Python 3.7.4, pytest-5.4.2, py-1.8.1, pluggy-0.13.1 -- C:\Users\admin\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python37\python.exe cachedir: .pytest_cache rootdir: C:\Users\admin\Desktop\AutoTest\Test\test\test_01 plugins: assume-2.2.1, ordering-0.6 collecting ... 收集的測試用例:[<Function test_login_01>, <Function test_login_02>, <Function test_login_03>, <Function test_login_04>] collected 4 itemstest_01.py::Test::test_login_01 FAILED [ 25%] test_01.py::Test::test_login_02 PASSED [ 50%] test_02.py::Test::test_login_03 PASSED [ 75%] test_02.py::Test::test_login_04 PASSED [100%]================================== FAILURES =================================== _____________________________ Test.test_login_01 ______________________________tp = <class 'pytest_assume.plugin.FailedAssumption'>, value = None, tb = Nonedef reraise(tp, value, tb=None):try:if value is None:value = tp()if value.__traceback__ is not tb: > raise value.with_traceback(tb) E pytest_assume.plugin.FailedAssumption: E 1 Failed Assumptions: E E test_01.py:11: AssumptionFailure E >> pytest.assume(1 == 0) E AssertionError: assert FalseC:\Users\admin\AppData\Roaming\Python\Python37\site-packages\six.py:702: FailedAssumption ---------------------------- Captured stdout call ----------------------------- 執行用例test_login_01斷言1 執行用例test_login_01斷言2 =========================== short test summary info =========================== FAILED test_01.py::Test::test_login_01 - pytest_assume.plugin.FailedAssumption: ========================= 1 failed, 3 passed in 0.09s =========================Process finished with exit code 0

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