解一元一次方程的那些坑(记洛谷P1022题RE的经历,Java语言描述)
important!!!
遇到RE不可怕,純粹的RE還行(后面沒有WA的話,可能你的算法本身沒錯)。
這固然會使得我們困惑,但我們只需要記得最常見的幾種RE,加以分析,給一些腦洞大的測試樣例就一般可以測出隱藏的語法Bug。。。
空指針還好吧,在OJ里的大問題不是空指針,一般是NumberFormatException或者越界的異常等等………………自己去測測,必有驚喜,必有福報~~
終于做了一個黃題,Nice!!!
題目要求
P1022題目鏈接
分析
其實就是拿過來一個一元一次方程然后求解。。。
問題是,坑是真多。。下面分享幾個。。。。
- 首先是你得處理符號,因為比如說“-”即是減號也是負號,“+”只代表加號(我們不會在正數前面加+)。
- 接下來你要注意怎么去split到數據,如果你不想逐個處理,可以分治,先按照“=”切分為左右兩部分字符串,然后左右分別按照“+”或者“-”切分。(正則為"[+]|[-]")
- 然后你得注意開頭的符號要消去,不要直接split導致出現"",這是糟糕的情況,會RE。(比如“-2x+2=3”)
- 還有就是你得知道:-0.0000000000001這樣的數在截出來以后是-0.000,這不能被OJ接收。。。
- 接著上面一條說,另外非常惡心的是,-0.0/2得到的是-0.000(保留三位小數),這個-0.000其實按照我們補碼理論是不存在的,它的存在就很惡心,在jshell里測試的時候就是與0.000相等的(包括與0相等)。其實一樣,但你放OJ里就gg了,是不行的。。。
- ……
第一次提交——WA+RE
這個WA的比較弱智,因為沒注意輸出格式。。。
import java.util.*;public class Main {public static void main(String[] args) {Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);String expression = scanner.nextLine();scanner.close();//未知變量的表示(小寫字母)char x = 'x';for (char c : expression.toCharArray()) {if (c >= 'a' && c <= 'z') {x = c;break;}}String[] expressionArr = expression.split("=");boolean leftNeg = false, rightNeg = false;String left = expressionArr[0], right = expressionArr[1];if (left.startsWith("-")) {leftNeg = true;left = left.substring(1, left.length());}if (right.startsWith("-")) {rightNeg = true;right = right.substring(1, right.length());}Queue<Character> leftCharacters = new LinkedList<>();if (leftNeg) {leftCharacters.offer('-');} else {leftCharacters.offer('+');}for(char c : left.toCharArray()) {if (c == '+' || c == '-') {leftCharacters.offer(c);}}Queue<Character> rightCharacters = new LinkedList<>();if (rightNeg) {rightCharacters.offer('-');} else {rightCharacters.offer('+');}for(char c : right.toCharArray()) {if (c == '+' || c == '-') {rightCharacters.offer(c);}}String[] leftArr = left.split("[+]|[-]"), rightArr = right.split("[+]|[-]");int leftCounter = 0, leftCoefficient = 0, rightCounter = 0, rightCoefficient = 0;outer:for (String leftObj : leftArr) {char[] chars = leftObj.toCharArray();char sign = leftCharacters.poll();for (char c : chars) {if (c == x) {leftObj = leftObj.substring(0, leftObj.length()-1);leftCoefficient += Integer.parseInt(sign+leftObj);continue outer;}}//不是未知量leftCounter += Integer.parseInt(sign+leftObj);}outer:for (String rightObj : rightArr) {char[] chars = rightObj.toCharArray();char sign = rightCharacters.poll();for (char c : chars) {if (c == x) {rightObj = rightObj.substring(0, rightObj.length()-1);rightCoefficient += Integer.parseInt(sign+rightObj);continue outer;}}//不是未知量rightCounter += Integer.parseInt(sign+rightObj);}System.out.printf("%.3f", ((double)(rightCounter-leftCounter))/(leftCoefficient-rightCoefficient));} }第二次提交——RE
第二次RE了,平時測試沒問題,但就很不解。。。
import java.util.*;public class Main {public static void main(String[] args) {Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);String expression = scanner.nextLine();scanner.close();//未知變量的表示(小寫字母)char x = 'x';for (char c : expression.toCharArray()) {if (c >= 'a' && c <= 'z') {x = c;break;}}String[] expressionArr = expression.split("=");boolean leftNeg = false, rightNeg = false;String left = expressionArr[0], right = expressionArr[1];if (left.startsWith("-")) {leftNeg = true;left = left.substring(1, left.length());}if (right.startsWith("-")) {rightNeg = true;right = right.substring(1, right.length());}Queue<Character> leftCharacters = new LinkedList<>();if (leftNeg) {leftCharacters.offer('-');} else {leftCharacters.offer('+');}for(char c : left.toCharArray()) {if (c == '+' || c == '-') {leftCharacters.offer(c);}}Queue<Character> rightCharacters = new LinkedList<>();if (rightNeg) {rightCharacters.offer('-');} else {rightCharacters.offer('+');}for(char c : right.toCharArray()) {if (c == '+' || c == '-') {rightCharacters.offer(c);}}String[] leftArr = left.split("[+]|[-]"), rightArr = right.split("[+]|[-]");int leftCounter = 0, leftCoefficient = 0, rightCounter = 0, rightCoefficient = 0;outer:for (String leftObj : leftArr) {char[] chars = leftObj.toCharArray();char sign = leftCharacters.poll();for (char c : chars) {if (c == x) {leftObj = leftObj.substring(0, leftObj.length()-1);leftCoefficient += Integer.parseInt(sign+leftObj);continue outer;}}//不是未知量leftCounter += Integer.parseInt(sign+leftObj);}outer:for (String rightObj : rightArr) {char[] chars = rightObj.toCharArray();char sign = rightCharacters.poll();for (char c : chars) {if (c == x) {rightObj = rightObj.substring(0, rightObj.length()-1);rightCoefficient += Integer.parseInt(sign+rightObj);continue outer;}}//不是未知量rightCounter += Integer.parseInt(sign+rightObj);}System.out.print(x + "=");System.out.printf("%.3f", ((double)(rightCounter-leftCounter))/(leftCoefficient-rightCoefficient));} }自檢過程
其實試了很多,都沒問題,于是就開一個大數,,,
先是嘗試了大數,被爆了NumberFormatException,如我所料,題沒限制范圍,就改為long保保險。。
但還是這樣:所以就意識到一個巨大的思維差別:我們寫的一元一次方程一般+x這樣就OK,但我們的程序只能直接認識+1x,這就得我們再分出一種情況討論。。。
然后繼續,還是WA:
就是分析部分分析到的-0.000的問題,我們應該讓它輸出0.000,這就要求必須在上面操作。
偏偏這個數不是0.000(因為這是截出來的,我們在上面judge的是原數,所以是大于-0.0005而不能變成-0.001的數值,是負數,所以處理一下就OK)
第三次提交——RE(好一些了,就剩一個RE了)
這次純屬智障行為,因為左邊改了,右邊沒改,這點一定要注意!!!
不要犯這種無腦錯。。。
代碼不放了,顯得智障。。。
第四次提交——AC
寫的比較冗長,不是很好。。也沒抽出來函數,直接main到底、。。。。
import java.util.*;public class Main {public static void main(String[] args) {Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);String expression = scanner.nextLine();scanner.close();//未知變量的表示(小寫字母)char x = 'x';for (char c : expression.toCharArray()) {if (c >= 'a' && c <= 'z') {x = c;break;}}String[] expressionArr = expression.split("=");boolean leftNeg = false, rightNeg = false;String left = expressionArr[0], right = expressionArr[1];if (left.startsWith("-")) {leftNeg = true;left = left.substring(1, left.length());}if (right.startsWith("-")) {rightNeg = true;right = right.substring(1, right.length());}Queue<Character> leftCharacters = new LinkedList<>();if (leftNeg) {leftCharacters.offer('-');} else {leftCharacters.offer('+');}for(char c : left.toCharArray()) {if (c == '+' || c == '-') {leftCharacters.offer(c);}}Queue<Character> rightCharacters = new LinkedList<>();if (rightNeg) {rightCharacters.offer('-');} else {rightCharacters.offer('+');}for(char c : right.toCharArray()) {if (c == '+' || c == '-') {rightCharacters.offer(c);}}String[] leftArr = left.split("[+]|[-]"), rightArr = right.split("[+]|[-]");long leftCounter = 0, leftCoefficient = 0, rightCounter = 0, rightCoefficient = 0;outer:for (String leftObj : leftArr) {char[] chars = leftObj.toCharArray();char sign = leftCharacters.poll();for (char c : chars) {if (c == x) {leftObj = leftObj.substring(0, leftObj.length()-1);if ("".equals(leftObj)) {leftCoefficient++;} else {leftCoefficient += Long.parseLong(sign+leftObj);}continue outer;}}//不是未知量leftCounter += Long.parseLong(sign+leftObj);}outer:for (String rightObj : rightArr) {char[] chars = rightObj.toCharArray();char sign = rightCharacters.poll();for (char c : chars) {if (c == x) {rightObj = rightObj.substring(0, rightObj.length()-1);if ("".equals(rightObj)) {rightCoefficient++;} else {rightCoefficient += Long.parseLong(sign+rightObj);}continue outer;}}//不是未知量rightCounter += Long.parseLong(sign+rightObj);}double result = ((double)(rightCounter-leftCounter))/(leftCoefficient-rightCoefficient);if (result > -0.0005 && result < 0) {System.out.printf("%c=%.3f", x, 0.000);} else {System.out.printf("%c=%.3f", x, result);}} }慶祝一下:
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