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一次使用duplicate创建测试数据库的过程

發布時間：2025/3/15 数据库 31 豆豆

生活随笔收集整理的這篇文章主要介紹了一次使用duplicate创建测试数据库的过程小編覺得挺不錯的,現在分享給大家,幫大家做個參考.

由于管理不善，測試機的環境和生產機的環境已經相差甚遠了，于是一狠心重建測試機，重建的第一步，重建數據庫，我采用rman的duplicate命令從生產數據庫復制到測試數據庫的方式，雖然過程不太順利，還是有一定的參考性的。

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1。找出數據庫相關文件的位置

spfile/pfile

我用的是spfile，如果您用的是pfile，過程類似，這里就不熬了，先找到這個spfile，通常來說是 $ORACLE_HOME/dbs/spfile$ORACLE_SID 。

view source print?

1	sys$ora8i@4.20 SQL> show parameter spfile

3	NAME????????????? TYPE??????? VALUE

4	----------------- ----------- ------------------------------------

5	spfile??????????? string????? /u01/app/oracle/dbs/spfileora8i.ora

數據文件、日志文件和控制文件

view source print?

01	sys$ora8i@4.20 SQL> select name from v$datafile

02	??2? union all?

03	??3? select name from v$controlfile

04	??4? union all

05	??5? select member from v$logfile;

NAME

08	--------------------------------------------

09	/u02/oradata/ora8i/system01.dbf

10	/u02/oradata/ora8i/undotbs01.dbf

11	/u02/oradata/ora8i/sysaux01.dbf

12	/u02/oradata/ora8i/users01.dbf

13	/u02/oradata/ora8i/E3.dbf

14	/u02/oradata/ora8i/switch01.dbf

15	/u02/oradata/ora8i/PSS.dbf

16	/u02/oradata/ora8i/CTXSYS.dbf

17	/u02/oradata/ora8i/e3_02.dbf

18	/u02/oradata/ora8i/CMS_1.dbf

19	/u02/oradata/ora8i/control01.ctl

20	/u02/oradata/ora8i/control02.ctl

21	/u02/oradata/ora8i/control03.ctl

22	/u02/oradata/ora8i/redo01.log

23	/u02/oradata/ora8i/redo02.log

24	/u02/oradata/ora8i/redo03.log

25	/u02/oradata/ora8i/redo04.log

26	/u02/oradata/ora8i/redo05.log

27	/u02/oradata/ora8i/redo06.log

從以上信息來看spfile放在/u01/app/oracle/dbs/ ，數據文件、重做日志文件和控制文件都放在/u02/oradata/ora8i/。

2。在測試機中建立對應的目錄

在測試機中檢查這些目錄，確保這些目錄都存在:

view source print?

01	# 在測試機中確保這些目錄都存在:?

02	[oracle@test-server ora8i]$ ls? /u01/app/oracle/dbs/???

03	hc_ora8i.dat? initdw.ora? init.ora? lkORA8I? old? orapwora8i? spfileora8i.ora

04	[oracle@test-server ora8i]$ ls /u02/oradata/ora8i/?

05	ls: /u02/oradata/ora8i/: 沒有那個文件或目錄

06	# 不存在的目錄就創建它：

07	[root@test-server ~]# cd /

08	[root@test-server /]# mkdir u02

09	[root@test-server /]# chown oracle:dba /u02

10	[root@test-server /]# mkdir -p /u02/oradata/ora8i/?

11	[root@test-server /]# chown -R oracle:dba /u02

3。清理好測試服務器

測試服務器裝好的時候還有個數據，所以 /u01/app/oracle/dbs/ 中還有文件。
在測試機上關閉數據庫，然后將相關的數據文件都備份好，由于這個不是重點，這里就不熬述了。

4。配置測試服務器

將spfile和密碼文件copy到測試機上面，目錄要對應好。

view source print?

1	[oracle@localhost dbs]$ cd /u01/app/oracle/dbs?

2	[oracle@localhost dbs]$ scp ./spfileora8i.ora ./orapwora8i? 10.168.4.74:`pwd`

3	oracle@10.168.4.74's password:?

4	spfileora8i.ora??????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 100% 3584???? 3.5KB/s?? 00:00????

5	orapwora8i???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 100% 1536???? 1.5KB/s?? 00:00

在測試機中可以這樣檢測這兩個文件是否可用：

檢查spfile：將數據庫啟動到nomount;

由于測試機和生產機的存在硬件上的差異（主要是內容）要將SGA調小一點[跳過]：

view source print?

01	SQL> show parameter sga;

03	NAME???????????????????????????????? TYPE?????????????????? VALUE

04	------------------------------------ ---------------------- ------------------------------

05	lock_sga???????????????????????????? boolean??????????????? FALSE

06	pre_page_sga???????????????????????? boolean??????????????? FALSE

07	sga_max_size???????????????????????? big integer??????????? 1600M

08	sga_target?????????????????????????? big integer??????????? 1600M

09	SQL> alter system set sga_target=400M;

11	alter system set sga_target=400M

13	ERROR at line 1:

14	ORA-02097: parameter cannot be modified because specified value is invalid

15	ORA-00827: could not shrink sga_target to specified value

17	SQL> alter system set sga_target=400M scope=spfile;??

19	System altered.

21	SQL> alter system set sga_max_size=500M scope=spfile;??

23	System altered.

25	SQL> shutdown immediate;??

26	ORA-01507: database not mounted

28	ORACLE instance shut down.

29	SQL> startup nomount;?

30	ORA-00821: Specified value of sga_target 400M is too small, needs to be at least 788M

32	-- 沒辦法，創建pfile,改吧

33	SQL> create pfile from spfile;?

34	[oracle@test-server dbs]$ cd /u01/app/oracle/dbs?

35	[oracle@test-server dbs]$ vim initora8i.ora?

36	-- 將開頭那幾行ASMM動態修改的參數去掉，

37	-- 順便把 pga_aggregate_target，db_cache_size，shared_pool_size 也改小，

38	-- 總之就是改到能啟動Oracle 就可以了。

40	SQL> startup nomount pfile='/u01/app/oracle/dbs/initora8i.ora'?

41	ORACLE instance started.

43	Total System Global Area? 524288000 bytes

44	Fixed Size????????????????? 2072472 bytes

45	Variable Size???????????? 205521000 bytes

46	Database Buffers????????? 310378496 bytes

47	Redo Buffers??????????????? 6316032 bytes

48	SQL> shutdown immediate ;???

49	ORA-01507: database not mounted

52	ORACLE instance shut down.

54	-- 參數沒有問題后，可以創建spfile，以后啟動的時候可以使用spfile了

55	SQL> create spfile from pfile;?

57	File created.

59	SQL> startup ;?

60	ORACLE instance started.

62	Total System Global Area? 524288000 bytes

63	Fixed Size????????????????? 2072472 bytes

64	Variable Size???????????? 205521000 bytes

65	Database Buffers????????? 310378496 bytes

66	Redo Buffers??????????????? 6316032 bytes

67	ORA-00205: error in identifying control file, check alert log for more info

68	-- 這個錯誤是肯定了，spfile只能把oracle帶到nomount階段。

檢查密碼文件: 先確定listener啟動了，然后再用sys用戶遠程登錄到測試機。

view source print?

1	[oracle@test-server admin]$ sqlplus sys/oracle@ora8i_4_74? as sysdba

2	SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.2.0 - Production on Mon May 10 14:01:47 2010

3	Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle.? All Rights Reserved.

5	Connected to an idle instance.

SQL>

如果上述兩部有問題的話請認真調試。

5。準備數據

在生產機上面做一個全備，由于機器比較空閑，壓一壓，要依據實際情況寫腳本哦。

view source print?

RMAN> run

2> {

03	3>?? allocate channel c1 device type disk ;

04	4>?? backup

05	5>?? as compressed backupset

06	6>?? tag 'build_test_db'

07	7>?? database

08	8>?? INCLUDE CURRENT CONTROLFILE

09	9>?? format '/u01/app/backup/backup_4.20_%I_%T_%s' ;

10	10>?? release channel c1 ;

11> }

....

15	rman> list backup ;?

16	BS Key? Type LV Size?????? Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time????

17	------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ -------------------

18	856???? Full??? 824.35M??? DISK??????? 00:06:14???? 2010-05-10 14:24:34

19	????????BP Key: 856?? Status: AVAILABLE? Compressed: YES? Tag: BUILD_TEST_DB

20	????????Piece Name: /u01/app/backup/backup_4.20_57919146_20100510_888 *******************

21	??List of Datafiles in backup set 856

22	??File LV Type Ckp SCN??? Ckp Time??????????? Name

23	??---- -- ---- ---------- ------------------- ----

24	??1?????? Full 121784138? 2010-05-10 14:18:20 /u02/oradata/ora8i/system01.dbf

25	??2?????? Full 121784138? 2010-05-10 14:18:20 /u02/oradata/ora8i/undotbs01.dbf

26	??3?????? Full 121784138? 2010-05-10 14:18:20 /u02/oradata/ora8i/sysaux01.dbf

27	??4?????? Full 121784138? 2010-05-10 14:18:20 /u02/oradata/ora8i/users01.dbf

28	??5?????? Full 121784138? 2010-05-10 14:18:20 /u02/oradata/ora8i/E3.dbf

29	??7?????? Full 121784138? 2010-05-10 14:18:20 /u02/oradata/ora8i/switch01.dbf

30	??8?????? Full 121784138? 2010-05-10 14:18:20 /u02/oradata/ora8i/PSS.dbf

31	??11????? Full 121784138? 2010-05-10 14:18:20 /u02/oradata/ora8i/CTXSYS.dbf

32	??13????? Full 121784138? 2010-05-10 14:18:20 /u02/oradata/ora8i/e3_02.dbf

33	??16????? Full 121784138? 2010-05-10 14:18:20 /u02/oradata/ora8i/CMS_1.dbf

35	BS Key? Type LV Size?????? Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time????

36	------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ -------------------

37	857???? Full??? 1.13M????? DISK??????? 00:00:02???? 2010-05-10 14:24:37

38	????????BP Key: 857?? Status: AVAILABLE? Compressed: YES? Tag: BUILD_TEST_DB

39	????????Piece Name: /u01/app/backup/backup_4.20_57919146_20100510_889 *******************

40	??Control File Included: Ckp SCN: 121785222??? Ckp time: 2010-05-10 14:24:35

41	??SPFILE Included: Modification time: 2010-05-08 00:11:48

將這兩個新生成的備份集的文件到copy到測試機對應的目錄中，當然做之前要檢查目錄是否存在：

view source print?

1	[oracle@localhost backup]$ cd /u01/app/backup/

2	[oracle@localhost backup]$ scp /u01/app/backup/backup_4.20_57919146_20100510_888 10.168.4.74:`pwd`?

3	oracle@10.168.4.74's password:?

4	backup_4.20_57919146_20100510_888????????????????????????????????????? 100%? 824MB? 14.7MB/s?? 00:56????

5	[oracle@localhost backup]$ scp /u01/app/backup/backup_4.20_57919146_20100510_889 10.168.4.74:`pwd`

6	oracle@10.168.4.74's password:?

7	backup_4.20_57919146_20100510_889????????????????????????????????????? 100% 1168KB?? 1.1MB/s?? 00:00

6。開始duplicate

確定一下測試機（在rman的角度來說是auxiliary）處于nomount 階段，生產機（在rman的角度來說是target）處于mount或open階段。在生產機的rman中執行：

view source print?

1	[oracle@localhost backup]$ rman target /? auxiliary sys/oracle@ora8i_4_74?

2	關鍵是這兩句，最后確定一下兩個數據的狀態：

3	connected to target database: ORA8I (DBID=57919146)

4	connected to auxiliary database: ORA8I (not mounted)

6	RMAN> DUPLICATE TARGET DATABASE TO ORA8I NOFILENAMECHECK;

我建議，此時在生產機上作一次日志切換，并將從全備開始時到剛生成的所有日志文件復制到測試服務器相對應的目錄中，否則有可能出現以下問題[跳過]

view source print?

01	channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: starting datafile backupset restore

02	channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set

.....

05	channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /u01/app/backup/backup_4.20_57919146_20100510_886

06	ORA-19870: error reading backup piece /u01/app/backup/backup_4.20_57919146_20100510_886

07	ORA-19505: failed to identify file "/u01/app/backup/backup_4.20_57919146_20100510_886"

08	ORA-27037: unable to obtain file status

09	Linux-x86_64 Error: 2: No such file or directory

10	Additional information: 3

11	failover to previous backup

13	channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: starting datafile backupset restore

14	channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set

.....

17	channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /u01/app/backup/backup_4.20_57919146_20100509_884

18	ORA-19870: error reading backup piece /u01/app/backup/backup_4.20_57919146_20100509_884

19	ORA-19505: failed to identify file "/u01/app/backup/backup_4.20_57919146_20100509_884"

20	ORA-27037: unable to obtain file status

21	Linux-x86_64 Error: 2: No such file or directory

22	Additional information: 3

23	failover to previous backup

25	RMAN-00571: ===========================================================

26	RMAN-00569: =============== ERROR MESSAGE STACK FOLLOWS ===============

27	RMAN-00571: ===========================================================

28	RMAN-03002: failure of Duplicate Db command at 05/10/2010 14:47:54

29	RMAN-03015: error occurred in stored script Memory Script

30	RMAN-06026: some targets not found - aborting restore

原因是不能在測試機（auxiliary）找不到備份集，仔細看一下rman是從“最近”的備份集開始找的，但就是跳過了最最新的，這是由于在歸檔模式下的備份是非一致性備份，還需要redo的信息才能使之變成一致性的，而這些信息暫時還在online redo log中，簡單來說就是還沒有出生（歸檔），我們可以切換一下日志文件，使之生成歸檔日志文件，并傳到測試服務器上，對應的目錄下面。

將剛才duplicate在測試機上生成的文件統統刪掉，再次duplicate

view source print?

1	RMAN> DUPLICATE TARGET DATABASE TO ORA8I NOFILENAMECHECK;

........

4	contents of Memory Script:

{

6	???Alter clone database open resetlogs;

}

8	executing Memory Script

rman停在這里了。此時可以從測試機的alert文件中找到這么一句話：

view source print?

1	Active process 6260 user 'oracle' program 'oracle@test-server (TNS V1-V3)'

2	SHUTDOWN: waiting for logins to complete.

現在只要登錄到數據庫中就大功告成了。

總結

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数据库

一次使用duplicate创建测试数据库的过程

1。找出數據庫相關文件的位置

spfile/pfile

數據文件、日志文件和控制文件

2。在測試機中建立對應的目錄

3。清理好測試服務器

4。配置測試服務器

5。準備數據

6。開始duplicate

總結

1。找出數據庫相關文件的位置

數據文件、日志文件和控制文件

3。清理好測試服務器

5。準備數據

6。開始duplicate