《专门替中国人写的英语语法》(四)
??? 本文主要介紹“一般過去時”(the past tense)和“過去進行時”(the past continuous tense)兩種時態(tài)。
一、一般過去時
??? 一般過去時主要用于敘述過去的事,僅陳述事實;過去進行時強調(diào)某個時間點或時間段正在進行的動作。
1,一般過去時敘述過去的狀態(tài)、動作或事件。(注意,這一條是最容易混淆的,也是“一般過去時”和“一般現(xiàn)在時”最大的不同點)
??? He went to Beijing the other day.??? (帶具體時間)
??? I took an English class yesterday.??? (帶具體時間)
??? I was a student before 2011.???????????(過去狀態(tài),帶具體時間)
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2,一般過去時表示過去的習慣??? (第一條和第二條是“一般過去時”最常見的用法)
1)would、used to 與過去時
would表示間斷性不規(guī)則的習慣,常帶頻率時間
used to 表示一貫性有規(guī)律的習慣
??? They used to meet and would sometimes exchange one or two words.??? (他們過去常碰面,有時會交談一兩個字,注意would后的sometimes)
??? He smoked a lot two years ago.??? (過去的習慣)
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2)would用于句中,不用于句首,表示過去的習慣;
??? used to 表示今昔對比的含義,敘述習慣動作,可以與would互換。
??? When he was a boy, he would often go there.??? (習慣,副詞“often”)
??? She isn't what she used to be.??? (今昔對比)
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3)表示狀態(tài)時,一般只用used to
??? Tom used to be fat.
??? There used to stand a tree there.
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4)was/were used to +ing 表示“合適于,適用于...”
??? He used to work at night.??? (他以前經(jīng)常在晚上工作,規(guī)律)
??? He was used to working at night.??? (他以前習慣晚上工作,主動)
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3,表示客氣委婉的語氣,用于情態(tài)動詞,助詞和want,wonder,hope等 (高級用法)
??? How did you like the film ?
??? Could you help me ?
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二、過去進行時
1,表示在過去某階段或某一時刻正在發(fā)生
??? What were you doing at 8:30 last night ?
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2,短暫性動詞用過去進行時表示“按計劃...”,“打算...”
??? During that time he was going with us.?? (打算)
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3,與頻率詞,如often,always,usually等連用,表示喜愛,討厭等情感。??? (高級用法)
??? He was always changing his mind.
三、區(qū)別
1,進行時表示某一行為的“片段”;一般時表示某一行為的“整體”和存在的狀態(tài)。
??? I was reading the book at that time.??? (強調(diào)參考時間段的動作)
??? I read the book yesterday.????????????????? (陳述事實,強調(diào)結(jié)果或狀態(tài),“這本書我昨天讀過了”)
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2,一般持續(xù)時間狀語多與進行時連用
??? It was raining all night.??? (優(yōu)先用進行時,不過rained為持續(xù)動作,也可以用)
??? He was writing a letter the whole of aternoon.??? (持續(xù)時間狀語,本句不可用一般過去時)
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3,when狀語從句,描述過去的多件事,主句用過去進行時,從句用一般過去時
??? It was raining when he went to school yesterday.??? (實際上,從句是參考點)
??? He was reading newspaper when the train stopped.
??? I was brushing my teetch when my father called me.
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4,while狀語從句包含短暫性動詞時,只能用進行時
??? He broke the chair while he was jumping up and down.
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5,while所在主從句動作大致持續(xù)相等時,主從句一般都用進行時;兩個動作持續(xù)時間一長一短,短的用一般過去時,長的用過去進行時。
??? I was cooking the dinner while he was playing the piano.??? (并列)
??? I saw him while I was walking to the station.
注:while 和 when 剛好相反。
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四、英語中有四類動詞不用進行時(現(xiàn)在進行時和過去進行時)
1)表心理、情感的動詞。???
??? love,like,care,hate,respect,please,prefer,know等
2)表存在和狀態(tài)的動詞
??? appear,exist,lie,remain,stand,seem等
3)表感覺的動詞
??? see,hear,feel,smell,sound,taste等
對應(yīng):watch,listen,share,...
4)表一時性的動詞
??? accept,allow,admit,decide,end,refuse,permit,promise等。
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Exercise:
1,As she was reading newspaper, Granny fell asleep.
??? 短暫動作和持續(xù)動作
2,Tom slipped into the house when no one was looking.
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3,Is Smith in America ?
??? Yes,he was living in China for these years.
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4,The method he had stuck to?was proved right.
?Explaination: stick to something, stuck
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5,Tom burnt his hand when he was cooking dinner.
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轉(zhuǎn)載于:https://www.cnblogs.com/codingmarmot/p/6149937.html
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