【原文出處】http://www.51cto.com/html/2005/1128/12343.htm

系統的進入和退出

login:??????輸入用戶名（例如：user01）
password:???輸入用戶口令
若用戶名及口令均正確，則用戶將登陸成功。
此時系統會出現命令提示符$或#，即表示可接收用戶輸入的操作系統命令。
退出系統：或?exit或logout。
例:#(or$)exit
#(or$)Ctrl^D
注，#為ROOT用戶的命令提示符，$為一般用戶

password

password命令用于建立或修改用戶的密碼。
如：
#password?
passwd:????????????????—輸入舊口令
new?passwd:????????????—輸入新口令
re-enter?new?paswd:??????—重新輸入新口令

mkdir、rm、mv和cd

mkdir：用于創建目錄
$?mkdir?oracle
$?ls
oracle
$
rm：用于刪除文件或目錄（rm?–r?刪除目錄時目錄內有內容，用-r一起刪除）
$?rm?-r?oracle
$?ls
$
mv：用于改變文件或目錄名
$?mkdir?ll
$?ls
ll
$?mkdir?kk
$?ls
kk??ll
$?mv?ll?kk
$?ls
kk
$?cd?kk
$?ls
ll
$
cd：用于進入系統某一級目錄中去
$?cd?/
$?pwd
/
$?cd?/home/oracle
$?pwd
/home/oracle
$

ls

功能：顯示目錄中的內容，列出當前目錄中所有文件的文件名
參數說明：
a：列出目錄中所有文件
d：列出所有子目錄
l：列出長格式文件信息
舉例：
ls?–a：列出當前目錄中的所有文件
$?ls?-a
#UNTITLED#???????.dt??????????????createdbscripts??oracle
.????????????????.dtprofile???????dead_letter??????smit.log
..???????????????.profile?????????ll???????????????smit.script
.TTauthority?????.sh_history??????make.log?????????websm.log
.Xauthority??????afiedt.buf???????mbox?????????????websm.script
$
ls?–l：顯示文件的詳細信息
$?ls?-l
total?295
-rw-r--r--???1?201??????dba???????????????3?Sep?01?15:24?#UNTITLED#
-rw-r--r--???1?201??????dba??????????????51?Jul?08?18:18?afiedt.buf
drwxrwxr-x???2?201??????dba?????????????512?May?08?11:49?createdbscripts
drwx------???2?201??????dba?????????????512?Jun?19?09:27?dead_letter
drwxr-xr-x???2?201??????dba?????????????512?Sep?22?10:17?ll
-rw-r--r--???1?201??????dba???????????95987?Apr?18?14:51?make.log
-rw-------???1?201??????dba???????????11174?Sep?17?09:15?mbox
drwxr-xr-x???3?201??????dba?????????????512?Sep?22?10:21?oracle
-rw-r--r--???1?201??????dba????????????8971?Sep?20?11:08?smit.log
-rw-r--r--???1?201??????dba????????????5437?Sep?20?11:08?smit.script
-rw-r--r--???1?201??????system?????????1682?Sep?02?15:18?websm.log
-rw-r--r--???1?201??????system????????21441?Sep?02?15:10?websm.script
$

date

功能：顯示當前日期和時間,超級用戶可以進行修改
舉例：$?date
??????????Mon?Sep?22?10:28:26?BEIST?2003
$

wc

功能：計算文件中的行數、字數和字符數
參數說明：
c：計算字符數
l：計算行數
w：計算字數
舉例：
#?wc???profile
13??????53??????381??????????????profile
|???????|????????|
行數???字數????字符數
$?wc?smit.log
?????422????1162????8971?smit.log
$

who

功能：列出當前系統注冊的用戶
舉例：$who?am?i--?列出當前系統使用者身份
$?who
oracle??????lft0????????Sep?22?09:05
oracle??????pts/0???????Sep?22?10:17?????(192.168.100.79)
oracle??????pts/4???????Sep?22?09:05?????(:0.0)
$?who?am?i
oracle??????pts/0???????Sep?22?10:17?????(192.168.100.79)
$finger顯示當前登陸到系統中的用戶的信息
舉例：
#?finger
Login???????????????????????????????Name??????????????TTY?Idle????When????Site?I
nfo
oracle????????????????????????????????????????????????*l0????2:02?Mon?09:05
oracle?????????????????????????????????????????????????p4????1:59?Mon?09:05
root???????????????????????????????????????????????????p0?????????Mon?11:06
#?finger?oracle
Login?name:?oracle
Directory:?/usr/oracle/ora90????????????Shell:?/usr/bin/ksh
On?since?Sep?22?09:05:35?on?lft0,?2?hours?2?minutes?Idle?Time
????(messages?off)
On?since?Sep?22?09:05:41?on?pts/4,?1?hour?59?minutes?Idle?Time
????from?:0.0
No?Plan.
#

ps

功能：顯示后臺進程的有關信息。單獨使用ps將顯示由
當前終端啟動的后臺進程的PID、終端號、進程已執行時間以及啟動該進程的命令
語法：ps?-options?
參數說明：
????-e：顯示系統內當前運行的所有后臺進程
????-f：除ps所提供的信息外，還顯示用戶名、PPID（父進程ID）及啟動時間
????-l：除ps所提供的信息外，還顯示?User?ID,?PPID?和進程優先級
例:
#?ps
?????PID????TTY??TIME?CMD
??803034??pts/0??0:00?-ksh
??917524??pts/0??0:00?ps
#?ps?-ef
?????UID?????PID????PPID???C????STIME????TTY??TIME?CMD
????root???????1???????0???0?09:03:04??????-??0:00?/etc/init
????root???90262???????1???0?09:03:42??????-??0:00?/usr/ccs/bin/shlap64
????root??106572??139368???0?09:03:30??????-??0:01?/usr/lpp/X11/bin/X?-D?/usr
??oracle??123030??155720???0?09:05:36??????-??0:00?dtwm
????root??139368???????1???0?09:03:29??????-??0:00?/usr/dt/bin/dtlogin?-daemo
??oracle??155720??172088???0?09:05:35??????-??0:00?/usr/dt/bin/dtsession
????root??163946??245824???0?09:04:28??????-??0:00?/usr/sbin/rsct/bin/rmcd?-r
????root??172088??139368???0?09:03:30??????-??0:00?dtlogin?<:0>????????-daemo
??oracle??180378??188526???0?09:06:20??pts/4??0:00?-ksh
????root??188526??483470???0?09:06:10??pts/4??0:00?-ksh
????root??196670??303186???0?09:04:34??????-??0:00?rpc.ttdbserver?100083?1
????root??204866??245824???0?09:04:34??????-??0:00?/usr/sbin/rsct/bin/IBM.Aud
??oracle??221370??581780???0?09:05:41??????-??0:03?/usr/dt/bin/dtterm
????root??229440???????1???0?09:03:41??????-??0:01?/usr/sbin/syncd?60
????root??237626???????1???0?09:03:42??????-??0:00?/usr/lib/errdemon
????root??245824???????1???0?09:03:47??????-??0:00?/usr/sbin/srcmstr
????root??262240??245824???0?09:03:50??????-??0:00?/usr/sbin/syslogd
????root??278642??245824???0?09:04:28??????-??0:00?/usr/sbin/rsct/bin/ctcasd
????root??286806??245824???0?09:04:30??????-??0:00?/usr/sbin/rsct/bin/IBM.CSM
??oracle??295050???????1???0?09:07:03??????-??0:00?ora_dbw0_ORCL
????root??303186??245824???0?09:03:59??????-??0:00?/usr/sbin/inetd
????root??311380??245824???0?09:03:53??????-??0:00?sendmail:?accepting?connec
????root??319566??245824???0?09:03:56??????-??0:00?/usr/sbin/portmap
????root??327760??245824???0?09:04:02??????-??0:00?/usr/sbin/snmpd
????root??335954??245824???0?09:04:06??????-??0:00?/usr/sbin/dpid2
????root??344150??245824???0?09:04:09??????-??0:00?/usr/sbin/hostmibd
??oracle??368788???????1???0?11:09:35??????-??0:00?oracleORCL?(LOCAL=NO)
????root??376946???????1???0?09:04:18??????-??0:00?/usr/sbin/cron
????root??385122??245824???0?09:04:12??????-??0:00?/usr/sbin/biod?6
??oracle??393320???????1???0?09:07:03??????-??0:00?ora_reco_ORCL
??daemon??401510??245824???0?09:04:15??????-??0:00?/usr/sbin/rpc.statd
????root??409726???????1???0?09:04:28??????-??0:00?/usr/bin/itesmdem?itesrv.i
????root??417902??245824???0?09:04:18??????-??0:00?/usr/sbin/rpc.lockd
????root??434288???????1???0?09:04:25??????-??0:00?/usr/sbin/uprintfd
????root??442484??245824???0?09:04:25??????-??0:00?/usr/sbin/writesrv
????root??450676??245824???0?09:04:22??????-??0:00?/usr/sbin/qdaemon
????root??458874??245824???0?09:04:31??????-??0:00?/usr/sbin/rsct/bin/IBM.Ser
??oracle??475266???????1???0?09:05:35??????-??0:00?/usr/dt/bin/ttsession?-s
??oracle??483470??221370???0?09:05:41??pts/4??0:00?/usr/bin/ksh
??oracle??491646???????1???0?09:07:02??????-??0:00?ora_pmon_ORCL
??oracle??499860???????1???0?09:07:33??pts/4??0:08?/usr/oracle/ora90/bin/tnsl
??oracle??524452???????1???0?09:07:03??????-??0:01?ora_ckpt_ORCL
????root??532612???????1???0?09:04:25???lft0??0:00?/usr/sbin/getty?/dev/conso
????root??540830??245824???0?09:04:32??????-??0:00?/usr/sbin/rsct/bin/IBM.ERr
??imnadm??557194???????1???0?09:04:25??????-??0:00?/usr/IMNSearch/httpdlite/h
????root??565388???????1???0?09:04:25??????-??0:00?/usr/lpp/diagnostics/bin/d
??oracle??573584???????1???0?09:07:03??????-??0:01?ora_smon_ORCL
??oracle??581780??123030???0?09:05:41??????-??0:00?/usr/dt/bin/dtexec?-open?0
??oracle??589978???????1???0?09:07:03??????-??0:00?ora_lgwr_ORCL
??oracle??598188???????1???0?09:17:14??????-??0:00?oracleORCL?(LOCAL=NO)
??oracle??606440???????1???0?11:09:28??????-??0:00?oracleORCL?(LOCAL=NO)
??oracle??622592???????1???0?11:09:49??????-??0:00?oracleORCL?(LOCAL=NO)
??oracle??631032???????1???0?11:09:34??????-??0:00?oracleORCL?(LOCAL=NO)
??oracle??638984???????1???0?11:09:47??????-??0:00?oracleORCL?(LOCAL=NO)
??oracle??647404???????1???0?10:58:31??????-??0:01?oracleORCL?(LOCAL=NO)
??oracle??655384???????1???0?10:46:10??????-??0:00?oracleORCL?(LOCAL=NO)
??oracle??663756???????1???0?11:09:38??????-??0:00?oracleORCL?(LOCAL=NO)
??oracle??671964???????1???0?10:57:32??????-??0:00?oracleORCL?(LOCAL=NO)
??oracle??679998???????1???0?11:09:32??????-??0:00?oracleORCL?(LOCAL=NO)
??oracle??688340???????1???0?11:01:09??????-??0:00?oracleORCL?(LOCAL=NO)
??oracle??696500???????1???0?11:09:32??????-??0:00?oracleORCL?(LOCAL=NO)
??oracle??704756???????1???0?11:09:32??????-??0:00?oracleORCL?(LOCAL=NO)
??oracle??712916???????1???0?09:31:17??????-??0:00?oracleORCL?(LOCAL=NO)
??oracle??721104???????1???0?09:33:58??????-??0:00?oracleORCL?(LOCAL=NO)
????root??729308??803034???4?11:09:56??pts/0??0:00?ps?-ef
??oracle??737532???????1???0?11:07:43??????-??0:00?oracleORCL?(LOCAL=NO)
??oracle??753856???????1???0?09:34:03??????-??0:00?oracleORCL?(LOCAL=NO)
??oracle??762104???????1???1?11:09:53??????-??0:00?oracleORCL?(LOCAL=NO)
??oracle??770280???????1???0?11:09:46??????-??0:00?oracleORCL?(LOCAL=NO)
??oracle??778466???????1???0?11:04:42??????-??0:00?oracleORCL?(LOCAL=NO)
??oracle??786634???????1???0?11:09:50??????-??0:00?oracleORCL?(LOCAL=NO)
??oracle??794656???????1???0?11:08:10??????-??0:00?oracleORCL?(LOCAL=NO)
????root??803034?1056846???0?11:06:38??pts/0??0:00?-ksh
??oracle??811034???????1???0?10:59:20??????-??0:00?oracleORCL?(LOCAL=NO)
??oracle??819402???????1???0?09:47:03??????-??0:00?oracleORCL?(LOCAL=NO)
??oracle??827620???????1???0?10:10:40??????-??0:00?oracleORCL?(LOCAL=NO)
??oracle??835810???????1???0?10:57:30??????-??0:00?oracleORCL?(LOCAL=NO)
??oracle??843988???????1???0?09:49:16??????-??0:00?oracleORCL?(LOCAL=NO)
??oracle??852190???????1???0?10:52:22??????-??0:00?oracleORCL?(LOCAL=NO)
??oracle??860378???????1???0?09:33:55??????-??0:00?oracleORCL?(LOCAL=NO)
??oracle??868586???????1???0?10:52:21??????-??0:00?oracleORCL?(LOCAL=NO)
??oracle??876796???????1???0?11:09:29??????-??0:00?oracleORCL?(LOCAL=NO)
??oracle??884784???????1???0?10:59:22??????-??0:00?oracleORCL?(LOCAL=NO)
??oracle??893164???????1???0?10:42:26??????-??0:00?oracleORCL?(LOCAL=NO)
??oracle??909556???????1???0?11:09:49??????-??0:00?oracleORCL?(LOCAL=NO)
??oracle??917528???????1???1?11:09:53??????-??0:00?oracleORCL?(LOCAL=NO)
??oracle??925948???????1???0?11:09:47??????-??0:00?oracleORCL?(LOCAL=NO)
??oracle??942326???????1???0?11:07:47??????-??0:00?oracleORCL?(LOCAL=NO)
??oracle??950360???????1???0?11:07:35??????-??0:00?oracleORCL?(LOCAL=NO)
??oracle??958486???????1???0?11:09:39??????-??0:00?oracleORCL?(LOCAL=NO)
??oracle??974934???????1???0?11:07:23??????-??0:00?oracleORCL?(LOCAL=NO)
??oracle??983294???????1???0?10:48:40??????-??0:00?oracleORCL?(LOCAL=NO)
??oracle??999438???????1???0?10:58:51??????-??0:00?oracleORCL?(LOCAL=NO)
??oracle?1007638???????1???0?10:52:27??????-??0:00?oracleORCL?(LOCAL=NO)
??oracle?1015834???????1???0?11:08:09??????-??0:00?oracleORCL?(LOCAL=NO)
??oracle?1024012???????1???0?09:45:28??????-??0:00?oracleORCL?(LOCAL=NO)
??oracle?1032230??155720???0?11:08:33??????-??0:00?/usr/dt/bin/dtexec?-open?0
??oracle?1040390???????1???0?10:58:52??????-??0:00?oracleORCL?(LOCAL=NO)
????root?1056846??303186???0?11:06:38??????-??0:00?telnetd?-a
??oracle?1064970???????1???0?10:05:40??????-??0:00?oracleORCL?(LOCAL=NO)
??oracle?1081404???????1???0?11:09:31??????-??0:00?oracleORCL?(LOCAL=NO)
??oracle?1089562???????1???0?11:09:32??????-??0:00?oracleORCL?(LOCAL=NO)
??oracle?1097770???????1???1?11:09:53??????-??0:00?oracleORCL?(LOCAL=NO)
??oracle?1105962???????1???0?11:09:32??????-??0:00?oracleORCL?(LOCAL=NO)
??oracle?1114198???????1???0?11:07:47??????-??0:00?oracleORCL?(LOCAL=NO)
??oracle?1122406???????1???0?11:07:00??????-??0:00?oracleORCL?(LOCAL=NO)
??oracle?1130564???????1???0?10:27:48??????-??0:00?oracleORCL?(LOCAL=NO)
??oracle?1138778???????1???0?10:57:28??????-??0:00?oracleORCL?(LOCAL=NO)
??oracle?1146948???????1???0?11:07:26??????-??0:00?oracleORCL?(LOCAL=NO)
??oracle?1155106?1032230???0?11:08:33??????-??0:00?/usr/dt/bin/dtscreen
??oracle?1163312???????1???0?11:09:39??????-??0:00?oracleORCL?(LOCAL=NO)
??oracle?1171526???????1???0?11:00:39??????-??0:01?oracleORCL?(LOCAL=NO)
??oracle?1179700???????1???0?10:53:31??????-??0:00?oracleORCL?(LOCAL=NO)
??oracle?1196136???????1???0?11:09:32??????-??0:00?oracleORCL?(LOCAL=NO)
??oracle?1204300???????1???0?10:58:52??????-??0:00?oracleORCL?(LOCAL=NO)
??oracle?1212516???????1???0?10:54:08??????-??0:00?oracleORCL?(LOCAL=NO)
??oracle?1220718???????1???0?10:42:22??????-??0:00?oracleORCL?(LOCAL=NO)
??oracle?1237084???????1???0?10:42:20??????-??0:00?oracleORCL?(LOCAL=NO)
??oracle?1245250???????1???0?11:09:33??????-??0:00?oracleORCL?(LOCAL=NO)
??oracle?1253470???????1???0?11:08:09??????-??0:00?oracleORCL?(LOCAL=NO)
??oracle?1261658???????1???0?11:09:32??????-??0:00?oracleORCL?(LOCAL=NO)
??oracle?1269822???????1???0?10:28:05??????-??0:10?oracleORCL?(LOCAL=NO)
??oracle?1294398???????1???0?10:46:13??????-??0:00?oracleORCL?(LOCAL=NO)
??oracle?1302590???????1???0?10:46:08??????-??0:00?oracleORCL?(LOCAL=NO)
??oracle?1310814???????1???0?11:09:34??????-??0:00?oracleORCL?(LOCAL=NO)
??oracle?1318996???????1???0?11:04:45??????-??0:00?oracleORCL?(LOCAL=NO)
??oracle?1335400???????1???0?11:09:47??????-??0:00?oracleORCL?(LOCAL=NO)
??oracle?1343576???????1???0?11:09:39??????-??0:00?oracleORCL?(LOCAL=NO)
??oracle?1351830???????1???0?11:09:31??????-??0:00?oracleORCL?(LOCAL=NO)
??oracle?1368176???????1???0?11:09:32??????-??0:00?oracleORCL?(LOCAL=NO)
#
#?ps?-l
???????F?S?UID?????PID????PPID???C?PRI?NI?ADDR????SZ????WCHAN????TTY??TIME?CMD
??240001?A???0??803034?1056846???1??60?20?20009284???952???????????pts/0??0:00?k
sh
??200001?A???0?1114200??803034???1??60?20?2003549a???488???????????pts/0??0:00?p
s
#

kill

功能：殺死后臺進程
語法：kill?-num?PID
舉例：
??kill?–9?23094????????(-9?是軟件終止進程的信號，是不可忽略的)

find

功能：在一個或多個目錄中查找符合指定條件的文件，
顯示文件名或對這些文件進行特定的操作
語法：find?path?expression
參數說明：
?
-typef文件???
d目錄???
-size+n文件大小超過n?blocks(1block=512?bytes)???
-n文件大小小于n?blocks???
n文件大小等于n?blocks???
-mtime+xX天以前被修改的文件???
-xX天以內被修改的文件???
-permonum訪問指定權限的文件（權限以8進制表示）???
mode訪問指定權限的文件（權限以字母表示，如rwx）???
-userUser屬于用戶user的文件???
-o邏輯‘或’?

舉例：
find?.?–name?‘unix’?–print??????
在當前目錄及其子目錄中查找文件名為“m*”的所有文件（‘*’是通配符）并顯示文件名。
#?find?.?-name?"unix"?-print
./usr/lib/boot/unix
./usr/oracle/ora90/inventory/filemap/md/demo/unix
./usr/oracle/ora90/inventory/filemap/ultrasearch/tools/remotecrawler/scripts/unix
./usr/oracle/ora90/md/demo/unix
./usr/oracle/ora90/ultrasearch/tools/remotecrawler/scripts/unix
./upload/Disk2/stage/Components/oracle.sysman.website.nls/9.2.0.1.0/1/DataFiles/
Expanded/websitehtm/unix
./unix
#
find?.?–name?‘m*’?–exec?ls?–l??{}?\;
在當前目錄及其子目錄中查找文件名為“m*”的所有文件（‘*’是通配符）
并顯示詳細的文件列表信息。-exec?使得find以非交互的方式執行-exec后的命令。
‘{}’用于保留find的查找結果，并將其作為ls?–l?的輸入。
find?.?–name?‘m*’?–ok??rm??{}?\;
在當前目錄及其子目錄中查找文件名為“m*”的所有文件（‘*’是通配符）刪除之。
-ok?使得find以交互的方式執行-ok后的命令。
find?.?-perm?644?-mtime?+4?–print
在當前目錄及其子目錄中查找權限為644、4天以前被修改過的文件。

grep

功能：在文件或標準輸入中搜索與指定格式相匹配的行
語法：grep?[options]?pattern?[file1?file?2..]?
參數說明：
-v：顯示與指定格式不匹配的行?
-c：統計滿足條件的行數?
-l：只顯示滿足匹配條件的文件名
-n：顯示滿足條件的行所在的行號
-I：查找時忽略大小寫
-w：做全單詞匹配

舉例：
grep?a?websm.log???????
搜索.profile文件中與mail匹配的行并顯示。
#?grep?a?websm.log
com.ibm.websm.preferences.WXPreferenceException:?Unable?to?load?preferences?from
?/WebSM.pref.
Default?settings?will?be?used.??This?preference?file?will?be?updated
if?the?Check?Button?in?the?Exit?Confirmation?Dialog?is?checked.
????????at?com.ibm.websm.preferences.WSPreferenceImpl.loadData(WSPreferenceImpl.
java:185)
????????at?com.ibm.websm.preferences.WCPreferences.LoadData(WCPreferences.java:1
94)
????????at?com.ibm.websm.preferences.WCPreferences.(WCPreferences.java:111
)
????????at?com.ibm.websm.console.WConsole.getPreferences(WConsole.java:592)
????????at?com.ibm.websm.console.WConsole.getPrefData(WConsole.java:559)
????????at?com.ibm.websm.console.WConsole.(WConsole.java:119)
????????at?com.ibm.websm.console.WConsole.main(WConsole.java:1294)
??com.ibm.websm.bridge.directory.WDirectoryException:?Caught?EOFException?while
reading?the?stream?header
????????at?com.ibm.websm.bridge.directory.WDirectory.get(WDirectory.java:128)
????????at?com.ibm.websm.preferences.WSPreferenceImpl.loadData(WSPreferenceImpl.
java:178)
????????at?com.ibm.websm.preferences.WCPreferences.LoadData(WCPreferences.java:1
94)
????????at?com.ibm.websm.preferences.WCPreferences.(WCPreferences.java:111
)
????????at?com.ibm.websm.console.WConsole.getPreferences(WConsole.java:592)
????????at?com.ibm.websm.console.WConsole.getPrefData(WConsole.java:559)
????????at?com.ibm.websm.console.WConsole.(WConsole.java:119)
????????at?com.ibm.websm.console.WConsole.main(WConsole.java:1294)
#
grep?–v?mail?.profile??????
顯示與mail不匹配的行。
grep?“^a[0-9]z$”?filename
在filename中查找以’a’開頭、以’z’結尾、中間包含數字’0’-‘9’的串。

?

轉載于:https://blog.51cto.com/chenchangchun/1425565

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