生活随笔
收集整理的這篇文章主要介紹了
提高网站首页载入速度的常用方法
小編覺得挺不錯的,現在分享給大家,幫大家做個參考.
1.采用 HTTP Module 控制頁面的生命周期。
2.自定義Response.Filter得到輸出流stream生成動態頁面的靜態內容(磁盤緩存)。
3.頁面GZIP壓縮。
4.OutputCache 編程方式輸出頁面緩存。
5.刪除頁面空白字符串。(類似Google)
6.完全刪除ViewState。
7.刪除服務器控件生成的垃圾NamingContainer。
8.使用計劃任務按時生成頁面。(本文不包含該做法的實現)
9.JS,CSS壓縮、合并、緩存,圖片緩存。(限于文章篇幅,本文不包含該做法的實現)
10.緩存破壞。(不包含第9做法的實現)
針對上述做法,我們首先需要一個 HTTP 模塊,它是整個頁面流程的入口和核心。
一、自定義Response.Filter得到輸出流stream生成動態頁面的靜態內容(磁盤緩存)
如下的代碼我們可以看出,我們以 request.RawUrl 為緩存基礎,因為它可以包含任意的QueryString變量,然后我們用MD5加密RawUrl 得到服務器本地文件名的變量,再實例化一個FileInfo操作該文件,如果文件最后一次生成時間小于7天,我們就使用.Net2.0新增的TransmitFile方法將存儲文件的靜態內容發送到瀏覽器。如果文件不存在,我們就操作 response.Filter 得到的 Stream 傳遞給 CommonFilter 類,并利用FileStream寫入動態頁面的內容到靜態文件中。
namespace?ASPNET_CL.Code.HttpModules {public?class?CommonModule : IHttpModule {public?void?Init( HttpApplication application ) {application.BeginRequest += Application_BeginRequest;}private?void?Application_BeginRequest(?object?sender, EventArgs e ) {var context = HttpContext.Current;var request = context.Request;var url = request.RawUrl;var response = context.Response;var path = GetPath( url );var file =?new?FileInfo( path );if?( DateTime.Now.Subtract( file.LastWriteTime ).TotalDays < 7 ) {response.TransmitFile( path );response.End();return;}try?{var stream = file.OpenWrite();response.Filter =?new?CommonFilter( response.Filter, stream );}catch?( Exception ) {//Log.Insert("");}}public?void?Dispose() {}private?staticstring?GetPath(?string?url ) {var hash = Hash( url );string?fold = HttpContext.Current.Server.MapPath(?"~/Temp/"?);return?string.Concat( fold, hash );}private?staticstring?Hash(?string?url ) {url = url.ToUpperInvariant();var md5 =?new?System.Security.Cryptography.MD5CryptoServiceProvider();var bs = md5.ComputeHash( Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes( url ) );var s =?new?StringBuilder();foreach?( var b?in?bs ) {s.Append( b.ToString(?"x2"?).ToLower() );}return?s.ToString();}}}二、頁面GZIP壓縮
對頁面GZIP壓縮幾乎是每篇講解高性能WEB程序的幾大做法之一,因為使用GZIP壓縮可以降低服務器發送的字節數,能讓客戶感覺到網頁的速度更快也減少了對帶寬的使用情況。當然,這里也存在客戶端的瀏覽器是否支持它。因此,我們要做的是,如果客戶端支持GZIP,我們就發送GZIP壓縮過的內容,如果不支持,我們直接發送靜態文件的內容。幸運的是,現代瀏覽器IE6.7.8.0,火狐等都支持GZIP。
為了實現這個功能,我們需要改寫上面的 Application_BeginRequest 事件:
privatevoid?Application_BeginRequest(?object?sender, EventArgs e ) {var context = HttpContext.Current;var request = context.Request;var url = request.RawUrl;var response = context.Response;var path = GetPath( url );var file =?new?FileInfo( path );ResponseCompressionType compressionType =?this.GetCompressionMode( request );if?( compressionType != ResponseCompressionType.None ) {response.AppendHeader(?"Content-Encoding", compressionType.ToString().ToLower() );if?( compressionType == ResponseCompressionType.GZip ) {response.Filter =?new?GZipStream( response.Filter, CompressionMode.Compress );}else?{response.Filter =?new?DeflateStream( response.Filter, CompressionMode.Compress );}}if?( DateTime.Now.Subtract( file.LastWriteTime ).TotalMinutes < 5 ) {response.TransmitFile( path );response.End();return;}try?{var stream = file.OpenWrite();response.Filter =?new?CommonFilter( response.Filter, stream );}catch?( Exception ) {}}private?ResponseCompressionType GetCompressionMode( HttpRequest request ) {string?acceptEncoding = request.Headers[?"Accept-Encoding"?];if?(?string.IsNullOrEmpty( acceptEncoding ) )return?ResponseCompressionType.None;acceptEncoding = acceptEncoding.ToUpperInvariant();if?( acceptEncoding.Contains(?"GZIP"?) )return?ResponseCompressionType.GZip;elseif?( acceptEncoding.Contains(?"DEFLATE"?) )return?ResponseCompressionType.Deflate;elsereturn?ResponseCompressionType.None;}privateenum?ResponseCompressionType {None,GZip,Deflate}三、OutputCache 編程方式輸出頁面緩存
ASP.NET內置的 OutputCache 緩存可以將內容緩存在三個地方:Web服務器、代理服務器和瀏覽器。當用戶訪問一個被設置為 OutputCache的頁面時,ASP.NET在MSIL之后,先將結果寫入output cache緩存,然后在發送到瀏覽器,當用戶訪問同一路徑的頁面時,ASP.NET將直接發送被Cache的內容,而不經過.aspx編譯以及執行MSIL的過程,所以,雖然程序的本身效率沒有提升,但是頁面載入速度卻得到了提升。
為了實現這個功能,我們繼續改寫上面的 Application_BeginRequest 事件,我們在 TransmitFile 后,將這個路徑的頁面以OutputCache編程的方式緩存起來:
privatevoid?Application_BeginRequest(?object?sender, EventArgs e ) {if?( DateTime.Now.Subtract( file.LastWriteTime ).TotalMinutes < 5 ) {response.TransmitFile( path );response.Cache.SetExpires( DateTime.Now.AddMinutes( 5 ) );response.Cache.SetCacheability( HttpCacheability.Public );response.End();return;}}四、實現CommonFilter類過濾ViewState、過濾NamingContainer、空白字符串,以及生成磁盤的緩存文件
我們傳入response.Filter的Stream對象給CommonFilter類:
首先,我們用先Stream的Write方法實現生成磁盤的緩存文件,代碼如下,在這些代碼中,只有初始化構造函數,Write方法,Close方式是有用的,其中FileStream字段是生成靜態文件的操作對象:
namespace?ASPNET_CL.Code.HttpModules {publicclass?CommonFilter : Stream {privatereadonly?Stream _responseStream;privatereadonly?FileStream _cacheStream;publicoverridebool?CanRead {get?{returnfalse;}}publicoverridebool?CanSeek {get?{returnfalse;}}publicoverridebool?CanWrite {get?{return?_responseStream.CanWrite;}}publicoverridelong?Length {get?{thrownew?NotSupportedException();}}publicoverridelong?Position {get?{thrownew?NotSupportedException();}set?{thrownew?NotSupportedException();}}public?CommonFilter( Stream responseStream, FileStream stream ) {_responseStream = responseStream;_cacheStream = stream;}publicoverridelong?Seek(?long?offset, SeekOrigin origin ) {thrownew?NotSupportedException();}publicoverridevoid?SetLength(?long?length ) {thrownew?NotSupportedException();}publicoverrideint?Read(?byte[] buffer,?int?offset,?int?count ) {thrownew?NotSupportedException();}publicoverridevoid?Flush() {_responseStream.Flush();_cacheStream.Flush();}publicoverridevoid?Write(?byte[] buffer,?int?offset,?int?count ) {_cacheStream.Write( buffer, offset, count );_responseStream.Write( buffer, offset, count );}publicoverridevoid?Close() {_responseStream.Close();_cacheStream.Close();}protectedoverridevoid?Dispose(?bool?disposing ) {if?( disposing ) {_responseStream.Dispose();_cacheStream.Dispose();}}}}然后我們利用正則完全刪除ViewState:
privatestring?ViewStateFilter(?string?strHTML ) {string?matchString1 =?"type=\"hidden\" name=\"__VIEWSTATE\" id=\"__VIEWSTATE\"";string?matchString2 =?"type=\"hidden\" name=\"__EVENTVALIDATION\" id=\"__EVENTVALIDATION\"";string?matchString3 =?"type=\"hidden\" name=\"__EVENTTARGET\" id=\"__EVENTTARGET\"";string?matchString4 =?"type=\"hidden\" name=\"__EVENTARGUMENT\" id=\"__EVENTARGUMENT\"";string?positiveLookahead1 =?"(?=.*("?+ Regex.Escape( matchString1 ) +?"))";string?positiveLookahead2 =?"(?=.*("?+ Regex.Escape( matchString2 ) +?"))";string?positiveLookahead3 =?"(?=.*("?+ Regex.Escape( matchString3 ) +?"))";string?positiveLookahead4 =?"(?=.*("?+ Regex.Escape( matchString4 ) +?"))";RegexOptions opt = RegexOptions.IgnoreCase | RegexOptions.Singleline | RegexOptions.CultureInvariant | RegexOptions.Compiled;Regex[] arrRe =?new?Regex[] {new?Regex("\\s*<div>"?+ positiveLookahead1 +?"(.*?)</div>\\s*", opt),new?Regex("\\s*<div>"?+ positiveLookahead2 +?"(.*?)</div>\\s*", opt),new?Regex("\\s*<div>"?+ positiveLookahead3 +?"(.*?)</div>\\s*", opt),new?Regex("\\s*<div>"?+ positiveLookahead3 +?"(.*?)</div>\\s*", opt),new?Regex("\\s*<div>"?+ positiveLookahead4 +?"(.*?)</div>\\s*", opt)};foreach?( Regex re?in?arrRe ) {strHTML = re.Replace( strHTML,?""?);}return?strHTML;}以下是刪除頁面空白的方法:
private?Regex tabsRe =?new?Regex(?"\\t", RegexOptions.Compiled | RegexOptions.Multiline );private?Regex carriageReturnRe =?new?Regex(?">\\r\\n<", RegexOptions.Compiled | RegexOptions.Multiline );private?Regex carriageReturnSafeRe =?new?Regex(?"\\r\\n", RegexOptions.Compiled | RegexOptions.Multiline );private?Regex multipleSpaces =?new?Regex(?" ", RegexOptions.Compiled | RegexOptions.Multiline );private?Regex spaceBetweenTags =?new?Regex(?">\\s<", RegexOptions.Compiled | RegexOptions.Multiline );privatestring?WhitespaceFilter(?string?html ) {html = tabsRe.Replace( html,?string.Empty );html = carriageReturnRe.Replace( html,?"><"?);html = carriageReturnSafeRe.Replace( html,?" "?);while?( multipleSpaces.IsMatch( html ) )html = multipleSpaces.Replace( html,?" "?);html = spaceBetweenTags.Replace( html,?"><"?);html = html.Replace(?"//<![CDATA[",?""?);html = html.Replace(?"//]]>",?""?);return?html;}以下是刪除ASP.NET控件的垃圾UniqueID名稱方法:
privatestring?NamingContainerFilter(?string?html ) {RegexOptions opt =RegexOptions.IgnoreCase |RegexOptions.Singleline |RegexOptions.CultureInvariant |RegexOptions.Compiled;Regex re =?new?Regex(?"( name=\")(?=.*("?+ Regex.Escape(?"$"?) +?"))([^\"]+?)(\")", opt );html = re.Replace( html,?new?MatchEvaluator(?delegate( Match m ) {int?lastDollarSignIndex = m.Value.LastIndexOf(?'$'?);if?( lastDollarSignIndex >= 0 ) {return?m.Groups[ 1 ].Value + m.Value.Substring( lastDollarSignIndex + 1 );}else?{return?m.Value;}} ) );return?html;}最后,我們把以上過濾方法整合到CommonFilter類的Write方法:
publicoverridevoid?Write(?byte[] buffer,?int?offset,?int?count ) {byte[] data =?newbyte[ count ];Buffer.BlockCopy( buffer, offset, data, 0, count );string?html = System.Text.Encoding.UTF8.GetString( buffer );html = NamingContainerFilter( html );html = ViewStateFilter( html );html = WhitespaceFilter( html );byte[] outdata = System.Text.Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes( html );_cacheStream.Write( outdata, 0, outdata.GetLength( 0 ) );_responseStream.Write( outdata, 0, outdata.GetLength( 0 ) );}五、緩存破壞
經過以上程序的實現,網頁已經被高速緩存在客戶端了,如果果用戶訪問網站被緩存過的頁面,則頁面會以0請求的速度加載頁面。但是,如果后臺更新了某些數據,前臺用戶則不能及時看到最新的數據,因此要改變這種情況,我們必須破壞緩存。根據我們如上的程序,我們破壞緩存只需要做2步:更新服務器上的臨時文件,刪除OutputCache過的頁面。
更新服務器上的文件我們只需刪除這個文件即可,當某一用戶第一次訪問該頁面時會自動生成,當然,你也可以用程序先刪除后生成:
foreach?( var file?in?Directory.GetFiles( HttpRuntime.AppDomainAppPath +?"Temp"?) ) {File.Delete( file );}要刪除OutputCache關聯的緩存項,代碼如下,我們只需要保證該方法的參數,指頁面的絕對路徑是正確的,路徑不能使用../這樣的相對路徑:
HttpResponse.RemoveOutputCacheItem(?"/Default.aspx"?);
轉載于:https://www.cnblogs.com/hai-ping/articles/2788276.html
總結
以上是生活随笔為你收集整理的提高网站首页载入速度的常用方法的全部內容,希望文章能夠幫你解決所遇到的問題。
如果覺得生活随笔網站內容還不錯,歡迎將生活随笔推薦給好友。