什么是動態定時任務：是由客戶制定生成的，服務端只知道該去執行什么任務，但任務的定時是不確定的（是由客戶制定）。 這樣總不能修改配置文件每定制個定時任務就增加一個trigger吧，即便允許客戶修改配置文件，但總需要重新啟動web服務啊，研究了下Quartz在Spring中的動態定時，發現<bean id="cronTrigger" class="org.springframework.scheduling.quartz.CronTriggerBean" > ???????? <property name="jobDetail" ref="schedulerJobDetail"/> ???????? <property name="cronExpression"> ???????????? <value>0/10 * * * * ?</value> ???????? </property> ???? 中cronExpression是關鍵，如果可以動態設置cronExpression的值，也就說如果我們可以直接調用CronTriggerBean中設置cronExpression的方法，就可以順利解決問題了。 熟悉1的朋友可以跳過不看，下面2、3是動態定時任務的具體實現。 1． Quartz在Spring中的簡單配置 Spring配置文件： ??? <bean id="schedulerJobDetail" class="org.springframework.scheduling.quartz.MethodInvokingJobDetailFactoryBean"> ??????? <property name="targetObject" ref="scheduleInfoAction"/> ??????? <property name="targetMethod" value="simpleJobTest"/> ??????? <property name="concurrent" value="false"/> ??? </bean> ??? <bean id="cronTrigger" class="org.springframework.scheduling.quartz.CronTriggerBean" > ???????? <property name="jobDetail" ref="schedulerJobDetail"/> ???????? <property name="cronExpression"> ???????????? <value>0/10 * * * * ?</value> ???????? </property> ???? </bean> ??? <bean id="schedulerFactory" class="org.springframework.scheduling.quartz.SchedulerFactoryBean"> ??????? <property name="triggers"> ??????????? <list> ??????????????? <ref local="cronTrigger"/> ??????????? </list> ??????? </property> </bean> ? 在上面的配置中設定了 ① targetMethod: 指定需要定時執行scheduleInfoAction中的simpleJobTest()方法 ② concurrent：對于相同的JobDetail，當指定多個Trigger時, 很可能第一個job完成之前，第二個job就開始了。指定concurrent設為false，多個job不會并發運行，第二個job將不會在第一個job完成之前開始。 ③ cronExpression：0/10 * * * * ?表示每10秒執行一次，具體可參考附表。 ④ triggers：通過再添加其他的ref元素可在list中放置多個觸發器。 ? scheduleInfoAction中的simpleJobTest()方法 注意：此方法沒有參數，如果scheduleInfoAction有兩個方法simpleJobTest()和simpleJobTest(String argument)，則spring只會去執行無參的simpleJobTest(). public void simpleJobTest() { ??????? log.warn("uh oh, Job is scheduled !'" + "' Success..."); ??? } ? 2．Quartz在Spring中動態設置cronTrigger方法一 Spring配置文件： <bean id="scheduleInfoAction" class="com.lively.happyoa.jobs.webapp.action.ScheduleInfoAction"> ??????? <property name="scheduler" ref="schedulerFactory"/> ??????? <property name="scheduleInfoManager" ref="scheduleInfoManager"/> ??? </bean> ??? <bean id="schedulerJobDetail" class="org.springframework.scheduling.quartz.MethodInvokingJobDetailFactoryBean"> ??????? <property name="targetObject" ref="scheduleInfoAction"/> ??????? <property name="targetMethod" value="reScheduleJob"/> ??????? <property name="concurrent" value="false"/> ??? </bean> ??? <bean id="cronTrigger" class="org.springframework.scheduling.quartz.CronTriggerBean" > ???????? <property name="jobDetail" ref="schedulerJobDetail"/> ???????? <property name="cronExpression"> ???????????? <value>0/10 * * * * ?</value> ???????? </property> ???? </bean> ??? <bean id="schedulerFactory" class="org.springframework.scheduling.quartz.SchedulerFactoryBean"> ??????? <property name="triggers"> ??????????? <list> ??????????????? <ref local="cronTrigger"/> ??????????? </list> ??????? </property> </bean> ? scheduleInfoAction中的reScheduleJob ()方法及相關方法 ① reScheduleJob讀取數據庫，獲得自定義定時器調度時間(): ??? private void reScheduleJob() throws SchedulerException, ParseException { ??????? // 運行時可通過動態注入的scheduler得到trigger ??????? CronTriggerBean trigger = (CronTriggerBean) scheduler.getTrigger( ?????????????? "cronTrigger", Scheduler.DEFAULT_GROUP); ??????? String dbCronExpression = getCronExpressionFromDB(); ??????? String originConExpression = trigger.getCronExpression(); ??? // 判斷從DB中取得的任務時間(dbCronExpression)和現在的quartz線程中的任務時間(originConExpression)是否相等 ??? // 如果相等，則表示用戶并沒有重新設定數據庫中的任務時間，這種情況不需要重新rescheduleJob ??????? if(!originConExpression.equalsIgnoreCase(dbCronExpression)){ ??????????? trigger.setCronExpression(dbCronExpression); ??????????? scheduler.rescheduleJob("cronTrigger", Scheduler.DEFAULT_GROUP, trigger); ??????? } ??? // 下面是具體的job內容，可自行設置 ??? // executeJobDetail(); } ? ② getCronExpressionFromDB()：從數據庫中獲得dbCronExpression的具體代碼，由于使用了scheduleInfoManager，所以要在定義相應的setter方法 ??? private String getCronExpressionFromDB(){ ??????? String sql="from ScheduleInfo scheduleInfo where 1=1 "; ??????? sql=sql+" and scheduleInfo.infoId = '"+"1" + "'"; ??????? List scheduleList = scheduleInfoManager.queryScheduleInListBySql(sql); ??????? ScheduleInfo scheduleInfo = (ScheduleInfo)scheduleList.get(0); ??????? String dbCronExpression = scheduleInfo.getCronExpression(); ??????? return dbCronExpression; } ? ③ 在spring配置文件的scheduleInfoAction配置了相應的property（scheduler/ scheduleInfoManager）,要為其設置setter方法 ??? private Scheduler scheduler; ??? // 設值注入，通過setter方法傳入被調用者的實例scheduler ??? public void setScheduler(Scheduler scheduler) { ??????? this.scheduler = scheduler; ?? } ??? private ScheduleInfoManager scheduleInfoManager; ??? // 設值注入，通過setter方法傳入被調用者的實例scheduleInfoManager ??? public void setScheduleInfoManager(ScheduleInfoManager scheduleInfoManager){ ??????? this.scheduleInfoManager = scheduleInfoManager; ??? } ? 3． Quartz在Spring中動態設置cronTrigger方法二 在上面的2中我們可以看到，盡管已經可以動態進行rescheduleJob了，不過依然需要我們設置一個cronExpression，如果嘗試一下拿掉spring配置中的 ??????? <property name="cronExpression"> ???????????? <value>0/10 * * * * ?</value> ???????? </property> 則容器（如tomcat）啟動時會報錯。 實際中我們希望tomcat啟動時就可以直接去讀數據庫，拿到相應的dbCronExpression，然后定時執行一個job，而不希望配置初始的cronExpression ，觀察下面的CronTriggerBean，考慮到cronExpression需要初始化，如果設定一個類InitializingCronTrigger繼承CronTriggerBean，然后在這個類中做一些讀取DB的初始化工作（設置cronExpression），問題就可以解決了。 ? Spring配置文件： <bean id="scheduleInfoAction" class="com.lively.happyoa.jobs.webapp.action.ScheduleInfoAction"> ??????? <property name="scheduler" ref="schedulerFactory"/> ??????? <property name="scheduleInfoManager" ref="scheduleInfoManager"/> ??? </bean> ??? <bean id="schedulerJobDetail" class="org.springframework.scheduling.quartz.MethodInvokingJobDetailFactoryBean"> ??????? <property name="targetObject" ref="scheduleInfoAction"/> ??????? <property name="targetMethod" value="reScheduleJob"/> ??????? <property name="concurrent" value="false"/> ??? </bean> ??? <bean id="cronTrigger" class="com.lively.happyoa.jobs.webapp.action.ScheduleInfoAction.InitializingCronTrigger"> ???????? <property name="jobDetail" ref="schedulerJobDetail"/> ???????? <!--<property name="cronExpression"> ???????????? <value>0/10 * * * * ?</value> ???????? </property>--> ???????? <property name="scheduleInfoManager" ref="scheduleInfoManager"/> ???? </bean> ??? <bean id="schedulerFactory" class="org.springframework.scheduling.quartz.SchedulerFactoryBean"> ??????? <property name="triggers"> ??????????? <list> ??????????????? <ref local="cronTrigger"/> ??????????? </list> ??????? </property> </bean> ? InitializingCronTrigger中的相關方法 注意：在注入scheduleInfoManager屬性的時候，我們可以去讀取DB任務時間（之所以放在setter方法中，是因為需要在設置scheduleInfoManager后進行getCronExpressionFromDB()，否則，也可以①②邏輯把放在類的構造函數中）. 注意InitializingCronTrigger必須extends CronTriggerBean. ? public class InitializingCronTrigger extends CronTriggerBean implements Serializable { ??? private ScheduleInfoManager scheduleInfoManager; ??? // 設值注入，通過setter方法傳入被調用者的實例scheduleInfoManager ??? public void setScheduleInfoManager(ScheduleInfoManager scheduleInfoManager){ ??????? this.scheduleInfoManager = scheduleInfoManager; ??????? // 因為在getCronExpressionFromDB使用到了scheduleInfoManager，所以 ??????? // 必須上一行代碼設置scheduleInfoManager后進行getCronExpressionFromDB ??????? String cronExpression = getCronExpressionFromDB ();?? // ① ??????? // 因為extends CronTriggerBean ，此處調用父類方法初始化cronExpression ??????? setCronExpression(cronExpression);??????????????????? // ② } ??? private String getCronExpressionFromDB(){ ??????? String sql="from ScheduleInfo scheduleInfo where 1=1 "; ??????? sql=sql+" and scheduleInfo.infoId = '"+"1" + "'"; ??????? List scheduleList = scheduleInfoManager.queryScheduleInListBySql(sql); ??????? ScheduleInfo scheduleInfo = (ScheduleInfo)scheduleList.get(0); ??????? String dbCronExpression = scheduleInfo.getCronExpression(); ??????? return dbCronExpression; } …… } 附表CronTrigger Expression(來自http://quartz.sourceforge.net/javadoc/org/quartz/CronTrigger.html)

Expression	Meaning
"0 0 12 * * ?"	Fire at 12pm (noon) every day
"0 15 10 ? * *"	Fire at 10:15am every day
"0 15 10 * * ?"	Fire at 10:15am every day
"0 15 10 * * ? *"	Fire at 10:15am every day
"0 15 10 * * ? 2005"	Fire at 10:15am every day during the year 2005
"0 * 14 * * ?"	Fire every minute starting at 2pm and ending at 2:59pm, every day
"0 0/5 14 * * ?"	Fire every 5 minutes starting at 2pm and ending at 2:55pm, every day
"0 0/5 14,18 * * ?"	Fire every 5 minutes starting at 2pm and ending at 2:55pm, AND fire every 5 minutes starting at 6pm and ending at 6:55pm, every day
"0 0-5 14 * * ?"	Fire every minute starting at 2pm and ending at 2:05pm, every day
"0 10,44 14 ? 3 WED"	Fire at 2:10pm and at 2:44pm every Wednesday in the month of March.
"0 15 10 ? * MON-FRI"	Fire at 10:15am every Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday and Friday
"0 15 10 15 * ?"	Fire at 10:15am on the 15th day of every month
"0 15 10 L * ?"	Fire at 10:15am on the last day of every month
"0 15 10 ? * 6L"	Fire at 10:15am on the last Friday of every month
"0 15 10 ? * 6L"	Fire at 10:15am on the last Friday of every month
"0 15 10 ? * 6L 2002-2005"	Fire at 10:15am on every last friday of every month during the years 2002, 2003, 2004 and 2005
"0 15 10 ? * 6#3"	Fire at 10:15am on the third Friday of every month

轉載于:https://www.cnblogs.com/kidming/archive/2013/05/14/3077418.html

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