Java两种方式简单实现:爬取网页并且保存
注:如果代碼中有冗余,錯(cuò)誤或者不規(guī)范,歡迎指正。
Java簡(jiǎn)單實(shí)現(xiàn):爬取網(wǎng)頁并且保存
對(duì)于網(wǎng)絡(luò),我一直處于好奇的態(tài)度。以前一直想著寫個(gè)爬蟲,但是一拖再拖,懶得實(shí)現(xiàn),感覺這是一個(gè)很麻煩的事情,出現(xiàn)個(gè)小錯(cuò)誤,就要調(diào)試很多時(shí)間,太浪費(fèi)時(shí)間。
后來一想,既然早早給自己下了保證,就先實(shí)現(xiàn)它吧,從簡(jiǎn)單開始,慢慢增加功能,有時(shí)間就實(shí)現(xiàn)一個(gè),并且隨時(shí)優(yōu)化代碼。
下面是我簡(jiǎn)單實(shí)現(xiàn)爬取指定網(wǎng)頁,并且保存的簡(jiǎn)單實(shí)現(xiàn),其實(shí)有幾種方式可以實(shí)現(xiàn),這里慢慢添加該功能的幾種實(shí)現(xiàn)方式。
UrlConnection爬取實(shí)現(xiàn)
package html;import java.io.BufferedReader; import java.io.FileOutputStream; import java.io.FileWriter; import java.io.IOException; import java.io.InputStream; import java.io.InputStreamReader; import java.io.OutputStreamWriter; import java.net.MalformedURLException; import java.net.URL; import java.net.URLConnection;public class Spider {public static void main(String[] args) {String filepath = "d:/124.html";String url_str = "http://www.hao123.com/";URL url = null;try {url = new URL(url_str);} catch (MalformedURLException e) {e.printStackTrace();}String charset = "utf-8";int sec_cont = 1000;try {URLConnection url_con = url.openConnection();url_con.setDoOutput(true);url_con.setReadTimeout(10 * sec_cont);url_con.setRequestProperty("User-Agent", "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 5.1)");InputStream htm_in = url_con.getInputStream();String htm_str = InputStream2String(htm_in,charset);saveHtml(filepath,htm_str);} catch (IOException e) {e.printStackTrace();}}/*** Method: saveHtml * Description: save String to file* @param filepath* file path which need to be saved* @param str* string saved*/public static void saveHtml(String filepath, String str){try {/*@SuppressWarnings("resource")FileWriter fw = new FileWriter(filepath);fw.write(str);fw.flush();*/OutputStreamWriter outs = new OutputStreamWriter(new FileOutputStream(filepath, true), "utf-8");outs.write(str);System.out.print(str);outs.close();} catch (IOException e) {System.out.println("Error at save html...");e.printStackTrace();}}/*** Method: InputStream2String * Description: make InputStream to String* @param in_st* inputstream which need to be converted* @param charset* encoder of value* @throws IOException* if an error occurred */public static String InputStream2String(InputStream in_st,String charset) throws IOException{BufferedReader buff = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(in_st, charset));StringBuffer res = new StringBuffer();String line = "";while((line = buff.readLine()) != null){res.append(line);}return res.toString();}}實(shí)現(xiàn)過程中,爬取的網(wǎng)頁的中文亂碼問題,是個(gè)比較麻煩的事情。
HttpClient爬取實(shí)現(xiàn)
HttpClient實(shí)現(xiàn)爬取網(wǎng)頁時(shí),遇到了很多問題。其一,就是存在兩個(gè)版本的HttpClient,一個(gè)是sun內(nèi)置的,另一個(gè)是apache開源的一個(gè)項(xiàng)目,似乎sun內(nèi)置用的不太多,我也就沒有實(shí)現(xiàn),而是采用了apache開源項(xiàng)目(以后說的HttpClient都是指apache的開源版本);其二,在使用HttpClient時(shí),最新的版本已經(jīng)不同于以前的版本,從HttpClient4.x版本后,導(dǎo)入的包就已經(jīng)不一樣了,從網(wǎng)上找的很多部分都是HttpClient3.x版本的,所以如果使用最新的版本,還是看幫助文件為好。
我用的是Eclipse,需要配置環(huán)境導(dǎo)入引用包。
首先,下載HttpClient,地址是:http://hc.apache.org/downloads.cgi,我是用的事HttpClient4.2版本。
然后,解壓縮,找到了/lib文件夾下的commons-codec-1.6.jar,commons-logging-1.1.1.jar,httpclient-4.2.5.jar,httpcore-4.2.4.jar(版本號(hào)根據(jù)下載的版本有所不同,還有其他的jar文件,我這里暫時(shí)用不到,所以先導(dǎo)入必須的);
最后,將上面的jar文件,加入classpath中,即右擊工程文件 => Bulid Path => Configure Build Path => Add External Jar..,然后添加上面的包就可以了。
?還用一種方法就是講上面的包,直接復(fù)制到工程文件夾下的lib文件夾中。
下面是實(shí)現(xiàn)代碼:
package html;import java.io.BufferedReader; import java.io.FileOutputStream; import java.io.IOException; import java.io.InputStream; import java.io.InputStreamReader; import java.io.OutputStreamWriter;import org.apache.http.HttpEntity; import org.apache.http.HttpResponse; import org.apache.http.client.*; import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet; import org.apache.http.impl.client.DefaultHttpClient;public class SpiderHttpClient {public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {// TODO Auto-generated method stubString url_str = "http://www.hao123.com";String charset = "utf-8";String filepath = "d:/125.html";HttpClient hc = new DefaultHttpClient();HttpGet hg = new HttpGet(url_str);HttpResponse response = hc.execute(hg);HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();InputStream htm_in = null;if(entity != null){System.out.println(entity.getContentLength());htm_in = entity.getContent();String htm_str = InputStream2String(htm_in,charset);saveHtml(filepath,htm_str);}}/*** Method: saveHtml * Description: save String to file* @param filepath* file path which need to be saved* @param str* string saved*/public static void saveHtml(String filepath, String str){try {/*@SuppressWarnings("resource")FileWriter fw = new FileWriter(filepath);fw.write(str);fw.flush();*/OutputStreamWriter outs = new OutputStreamWriter(new FileOutputStream(filepath, true), "utf-8");outs.write(str);outs.close();} catch (IOException e) {System.out.println("Error at save html...");e.printStackTrace();}}/*** Method: InputStream2String * Description: make InputStream to String* @param in_st* inputstream which need to be converted* @param charset* encoder of value* @throws IOException* if an error occurred */public static String InputStream2String(InputStream in_st,String charset) throws IOException{BufferedReader buff = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(in_st, charset));StringBuffer res = new StringBuffer();String line = "";while((line = buff.readLine()) != null){res.append(line);}return res.toString();} }?題外話:如果想下載Apache開源項(xiàng)目的源碼或者二進(jìn)制碼,可以進(jìn)入鏈接:http://archive.apache.org/dist/
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