MySQL的多實例配置

?在一臺物理機中需要多個測試環境，那么就需要用到了搭建數據庫的多個實例，多個實例的意思就是運行多份程序，實例與實例之間沒有影響。要注意監聽的端口需要不同。

環境：CentOS7.4

實驗預期：在一臺虛擬機上安裝三套MariaDB數據庫，數據庫版本5.5

思路：三套配置文件(日志文件，配置文件，數據庫文件)，三個不同的端口

安裝第一個實例

yum install mariadb-server

? 1、創建運行的目錄環境

[root@centos7 ~]#mkdir -p /mysqldb/{3306,3307,3308}/{etc,socket,pid,log,data,bin}

[root@centos7~]# chown -R mysql:mysql /mysqldb/

目錄結構如下

[root@centos7 ~]# tree /mysqldb/

/mysqldb/├──3306│ ├── bin

│ ├── data

│ ├── etc

│ ├── log

│ ├── pid

│ └── socket

├──3307│ ├── bin

│ ├── data

│ ├── etc

│ ├── log

│ ├── pid

│ └── socket

└──3308├── bin

├── data

├── etc

├── log

├── pid

└── socket21 directories, 0 files

2、初始化數據庫

[root@centos7 ~]# mysql_install_db --datadir=/mysqldb/3306/data/ --user=mysql[root@centos7 ~]# mysql_install_db--datadir=/mysqldb/3307/data/ --user=mysql [root@centos7~]# mysql_install_db--datadir=/mysqldb/3308/data/ --user=mysql

3、創建各自配置文件

cp /etc/my.cnf /mysqldb/3306/etc/

4、修改各自配置文件

vim my.cnf

[mysqld]

port=3306datadir=/mysqldb/3306/data

socket=/mysqldb/3306/socket/mysql.sock

[mysqld_safe]

log-error=/mysqldb/3306/log/mariadb.log

pid-file=/mysqldb/3306/pid/mariadb.pid#chown -R mysql:mysql /mysqldb #給目錄添加權限

#!includefir /etc/my.cnf.d 添加此行注釋

參照3306配置文件，將3307,3308配置文件也生成

cp/mysqldb/3306/etc/my.cnf /mysqldb/3307/etc/my.cnf

cp/mysqldb/3306/etc/my.cnf /mysqldb/3308/etc/my.cnf

：%s /3306/3307/g 腳本搜索全局替換

5、準備啟動服務腳本

[root@centos7 /mysqldb/3306/bin]# vim mysqld

#!/bin/bash

port=3306? ?#需要修改為當前實例的端口號

mysql_user="root"

mysql_pwd=""

cmd_path="/usr/bin"??#安裝目錄下的bin

mysql_basedir="/mysqldb"?#實例數據庫文件所在目錄

mysql_sock="${mysql_basedir}/${port}/socket/mysql.sock"

function_start_mysql()

{

if [ ! -e "$mysql_sock" ];then

printf "Starting MySQL...\n"

${cmd_path}/mysqld_safe --defaults-file=${mysql_basedir}/${port}/etc/my.cnf &> /dev/null &

else

printf "MySQL is running...\n"

exit

fi

}

function_stop_mysql()

{

if [ ! -e "$mysql_sock" ];then

printf "MySQL is stopped...\n"

exit

else

printf "Stoping MySQL...\n"

${cmd_path}/mysqladmin -u ${mysql_user} -p${mysql_pwd} -S ${mysql_sock} shutdown

fi

}

function_restart_mysql()

{

printf "Restarting MySQL...\n"

function_stop_mysql

sleep 2

function_start_mysql

}

case $1 in

start)

function_start_mysql

;;

stop)

function_stop_mysql

;;

restart)

function_restart_mysql

;;

*)

printf "Usage: ${mysql_basedir}/${port}/bin/mysqld {start|stop|restart}\n"

esac

? 6、修改腳本文件權限，防止密碼被別人看到

[root@centos7 ~]# chmod 700 /mysqldb/3306/bin/mysqld

[root@centos7~]# chmod 700 /mysqldb/3307/bin/mysqld

[root@centos7~]# chmod 700 /mysqldb/3308/bin/mysqld

7、啟動服務

[root@centos7 ~]# service mysqld stop #保證自己原來的服務停止，釋放3306端口

[root@centos7~]# /mysqldb/3306/bin/mysqld start #啟動服務

[root@centos7~]# /mysqldb/3307/bin/mysqld start

[root@centos7~]# /mysqldb/3308/bin/mysqld start

[root@centos7~]# ss -tnl #如果看到三個實例監聽的端口都打開后說明服務啟動正常

LISTEN0 80 :::3306 :::*LISTEN0 80 :::3307 :::*LISTEN0 80 :::3308 :::*

8、連接測試

[root@centos7 ~]# mysql -S /mysqldb/3306/socket/mysql.sock #使用-S指定套接字文件

Server version:10.2.15-MariaDB-log Source distribution

MariaDB [(none)]> show variables like '%port'; #查看端口是否是3306+---------------------+-------+

| Variable_name | Value |

+---------------------+-------+

| extra_port | 0 |

| large_files_support | ON |

| port | 3306 |

| report_port | 3306 |

+---------------------+-------+

4 rows in set (0.00sec)

[root@centos7~]# mysql -S /mysqldb/3307/socket/mysql.sock #再連接測試一下3307和3308

Server version:10.2.15-MariaDB-log Source distribution

MariaDB [(none)]> show variables like '%port';+---------------------+-------+

| Variable_name | Value |

+---------------------+-------+

| extra_port | 0 |

| large_files_support | ON |

| port | 3307 |

| report_port | 3307 |

+---------------------+-------+

4 rows in set (0.00sec)

[root@centos7~]# mysql -S /mysqldb/3308/socket/mysql.sock

Server version:10.2.15-MariaDB-log Source distribution

MariaDB [(none)]> show variables like '%port';+---------------------+-------+

| Variable_name | Value |

+---------------------+-------+

| extra_port | 0 |

| large_files_support | ON |

| port | 3308 |

| report_port | 3308 |

+---------------------+-------+

4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

?多實例搭建成功！

9、使用這條命令來停止實例

[root@centos7 ~]# /mysqldb/3306/bin/mysqld stop

? 10、最后一步：給root用戶加個密碼

[root@centos7 ~]# mysql -S /mysqldb/3307/socket/mysql.sock

Server version:10.2.15-MariaDB-log Source distribution

MariaDB [(none)]> update mysql.user set password=PASSWORD("your_password") where user='root';

Query OK,4 rows affected (0.00sec)

MariaDB [(none)]>flush privileges;

Query OK,0 rows affected (0.00sec)

MariaDB [(none)]> select user,host,password frommysql.user;+------+-----------+-------------------------------------------+

| user | host | password |

+------+-----------+-------------------------------------------+

| root | localhost | *9E72259BA9214F692A85B240647C4D95B0F2E08B |

| root | centos7 | *9E72259BA9214F692A85B240647C4D95B0F2E08B |

| root | 127.0.0.1 | *9E72259BA9214F692A85B240647C4D95B0F2E08B |

| root | ::1 | *9E72259BA9214F692A85B240647C4D95B0F2E08B |

| | localhost | |

| | centos7 | |

+------+-----------+-------------------------------------------+

6 rows in set (0.00sec)

[root@centos7~]# mysql -S /mysqldb/3307/socket/mysql.sock -uroot -p'your_password' #指定密碼，再次登錄OK~

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