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RMAN 备份与恢复深入解析（二）

發布時間：2025/5/22 编程问答 14 豆豆

生活随笔收集整理的這篇文章主要介紹了 RMAN 备份与恢复深入解析（二）小編覺得挺不錯的,現在分享給大家,幫大家做個參考.

2.用示例說明兩種增量備份的差別

大家早上好，早上的陽光真是明媚，新的一天即將開始，下面我們來研究研究增量備份的奧妙：）

Incremental增量備份：中心思想就是減少備份的數據量，我們不需要在從頭開始備份了，只需要備份自上次已備份之后的數據塊即可。

關于Incremental增量備份級別：

Oracle?9i??共有五種級別?0?1?2?3?4，0級最高-4級最低，0級是1級的基礎以此類推。

Oracle?10g官方文檔明確指出增量備份只有0和1兩種級別（太多增量級別其實沒有太大的意義），不過實際執行增量操作時，仍然能夠指定多個級別，最大能夠支持4級增量備份。

Oracle?11g?增量備份只有0和1兩種級別。

Level?0級就是對數據庫一個全庫備份，增量備份必須從0級開始，也就是說必須要有一個全庫備份當基礎。

如果你是用“backup?full?database”命令做全庫備份oracle也不認為這是level?0的全庫備份，盡管是一樣的也要單獨做一次level?0。有了level?0當基礎才能有后面的level?1?level?2?level?3?level?4。如果你一上來比較沖動直接發出level?1備份，oracle會自動在level1前面加一個level?0，順序是先進行level?0備份再做level?1備份，一共做兩次備份。

關于Incremental增量備份類型：

（1）差異增量備份：備份上級及同級備份以來所有變化的數據塊，差異增量是默認增量備份方式

特點：觸發條件小于等于當前級別<=N?????備份時間快，恢復時間慢

（2）累積增量備份：備份上級備份以來所有變化的塊。

特點：小于當前級別<N???????備份時間慢，恢復時間快????C：代表累積

我們系統的備份策略（周策略），僅供參考，如有雷同心心相印，歐巴~阿加西
日期???????????????差異增量??????????累積增量
星期天?????????????????0??????????????????????0
星期一?????????????????2??????????????????????2
星期二?????????????????2??????????????????????2
星期三?????????????????1??????????????????????1
星期四?????????????????2??????????????????????2
星期五?????????????????2??????????????????????2
星期六?????????????????2??????????????????????2
星期日?????????????????0??????????????????????0

下面我們實驗差異增量備份與累積增量備份~備份時間與恢復窗口優略性

差異增量備份

零級備份

backupincremental?level?0?database;

創建表空間test1

創建表test1

一級差異備份

backupincremental?level?1?database;

創建表空間test2

創建表test2

一級差異備份

backupincremental?level?1?database;

記住當前的scn號（10000），我們刪除表test1和表test2，然后恢復到scn=10000那一刻，檢查表test1和表test2是否完整恢復回來，恢復窗口：恢復三個備份集?0+1+1+redo

begin?go

0級全庫備份

RMAN>?backup?incremental?level?0?database;

Starting?backup?at?10-MAY-13

using?channel?ORA_DISK_1

channel?ORA_DISK_1:?starting?incremental?level?0?datafile?backup?set??數據文件列表

channel?ORA_DISK_1:?specifying?datafile(s)?in?backup?set

input?datafile?file?number=00001name=/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/system01.dbf

input?datafile?file?number=00002name=/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/sysaux01.dbf

input?datafile?file?number=00003name=/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/undotbs01.dbf

input?datafile?file?number=00005name=/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/leo1.dbf

input?datafile?file?number=00004name=/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/users01.dbf

channel?ORA_DISK_1:?starting?piece?1?at?10-MAY-13

channel?ORA_DISK_1:?finished?piece?1?at?10-MAY-13

piece?handle=?/u02/app/oracle/backup/DB_0lo99q5p_1_1?tag=TAG20130510T150112?comment=NONE

channel?ORA_DISK_1:?backup?set?complete,?elapsed?time:?00:01:25

Finished?backup?at?10-MAY-13

控制文件自動備份

Starting?Control?File?and?SPFILE?Autobackup?at?10-MAY-13

piece?handle=?/u02/app/oracle/backup/control/cf_c-1692458681-20130510-00?comment=NONE

Finished?Control?File?and?SPFILE?Autobackup?at?10-MAY-13

操作系統側面檢查，順利備份沒有問題?good

[oracle@leonarding1?backup]$?ll

total?983928

drwxr-xr-x?2?oracle?oinstall??????4096?May?10?15:02?control

-rw-r-----?1?oracle?asmadmin?1007534080?May?10?15:02?DB_0lo99q5p_1_1

[oracle@leonarding1?control]$?ll

total?9632

-rw-r-----?1?oracle?asmadmin?9863168?May?10?15:02cf_c-1692458681-20130510-00

創建test1表空間

SYS@LEO1>create?tablespace?test1?datafile'/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/test1_01.dbf'?size?20m?autoextend?off;

Tablespace?created.

創建test1表

SYS@LEO1>conn?leo1/leo1

Connected.

LEO1@LEO1>create?table?test1?tablespace?test1?as?select?*?fromdba_objects;

Table?created.

LEO1@LEO1>select?checkpoint_change#?from?v$database;???????每做完一個動作我們都記錄下SCN號

CHECKPOINT_CHANGE#

------------------

??1079203

1級差異備份

RMAN>?backup?incremental?level?1?database;

Starting?backup?at?10-MAY-13

using?channel?ORA_DISK_1

channel?ORA_DISK_1:?starting?incremental?level?1?datafile?backup?set

channel?ORA_DISK_1:?specifying?datafile(s)?in?backup?set

input?datafile?file?number=00001name=/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/system01.dbf

input?datafile?file?number=00002name=/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/sysaux01.dbf

input?datafile?file?number=00003?name=/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/undotbs01.dbf

input?datafile?file?number=00005name=/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/leo1.dbf

input?datafile?file?number=00006name=/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/test1_01.dbf???????這次多了test1表空間

input?datafile?file?number=00004name=/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/users01.dbf

channel?ORA_DISK_1:?starting?piece?1?at?10-MAY-13

channel?ORA_DISK_1:?finished?piece?1?at?10-MAY-13

piece?handle=/u02/app/oracle/backup/DB_0no99r4r_1_1?tag=TAG20130510T151746comment=NONE

channel?ORA_DISK_1:?backup?set?complete,?elapsed?time:?00:02:15

Finished?backup?at?10-MAY-13

Starting?Control?File?and?SPFILE?Autobackup?at?10-MAY-13

piece?handle=/u02/app/oracle/backup/control/cf_c-1692458681-20130510-01comment=NONE

Finished?Control?File?and?SPFILE?Autobackup?at?10-MAY-13

創建test2表空間

LEO1@LEO1>create?tablespace?test2?datafile'/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/test2_01.dbf'?size?20m?autoextend?off;

Tablespace?created.

創建test2表

LEO1@LEO1>create?table?test2?tablespace?test2?as?select?*?fromdba_objects;

Table?created.

LEO1@LEO1>select?checkpoint_change#?from?v$database;

CHECKPOINT_CHANGE#

------------------

1079213

再次1級差異備份

RMAN>?backup?incremental?level?1?database;

Starting?backup?at?10-MAY-13

using?channel?ORA_DISK_1

channel?ORA_DISK_1:?starting?incremental?level?1?datafile?backup?set

channel?ORA_DISK_1:?specifying?datafile(s)?in?backup?set

input?datafile?file?number=00001name=/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/system01.dbf

input?datafile?file?number=00002name=/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/sysaux01.dbf

input?datafile?file?number=00003name=/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/undotbs01.dbf

input?datafile?file?number=00005name=/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/leo1.dbf

input?datafile?file?number=00006name=/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/test1_01.dbf

input?datafile?file?number=00007?name=/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/test2_01.dbf????這次又多了test1表空間

input?datafile?file?number=00004name=/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/users01.dbf

channel?ORA_DISK_1:?starting?piece?1?at?10-MAY-13

channel?ORA_DISK_1:?finished?piece?1?at?10-MAY-13

piece?handle=/u02/app/oracle/backup/DB_0qo99s79_1_1?tag=TAG20130510T153609comment=NONE

channel?ORA_DISK_1:?backup?set?complete,?elapsed?time:?00:02:05

Finished?backup?at?10-MAY-13

Starting?Control?File?and?SPFILE?Autobackup?at?10-MAY-13

piece?handle=/u02/app/oracle/backup/control/cf_c-1692458681-20130510-03comment=NONE

Finished?Control?File?and?SPFILE?Autobackup?at?10-MAY-13

SYS@LEO1>select?checkpoint_change#?from?v$database;

CHECKPOINT_CHANGE#

------------------

1084254

SYS@LEO1>alter?system?switch?logfile;?????????我們做一次日志切換從2?->?3

System?altered.

SYS@LEO1>archive?log?list

Database?log?mode?????????????Archive?Mode

Automatic?archival????????????Enabled

Archive?destination???????????/u02/app/oracle/archdata

Oldest?online?log?sequence?????1

Next?log?sequence?to?archive???3

Current?log?sequence???????????3

SYS@LEO1>alter?system?switch?logfile;?????????為了保險我們再切一次，當前日志序號為4

System?altered.

SYS@LEO1>conn?leo1/leo1????????????????????????

Connected.

LEO1@LEO1>drop?table?test1?purge;?????????????我們刪除test1和test2表

Table?dropped.

LEO1@LEO1>drop?table?test2?purge;

Table?dropped.

現在我們想恢復到沒刪除之前的狀態，有2種方法（1）恢復到scn=1084254?（2）恢復到sequence=3

檢查一下備份集集

RMAN>?list?backupset;

List?of?Backup?Sets

===================

BS?Key??Type?LV?Size???????Device?Type?Elapsed?Time?Completion?Time

-------?----?--?----------?-----------?------------?---------------

19??????Incr?0??960.85M???DISK????????00:01:21?????10-MAY-13

????????BP?Key:?19???Status:?AVAILABLE??Compressed:?NO??Tag:?TAG20130510T150112

????????Piece?Name:/u02/app/oracle/backup/DB_0lo99q5p_1_1

??List?of?Datafiles?in?backup?set?19

??File?LV?Type?Ckp?SCN????Ckp?Time?Name

??----?--?----?----------?-------------

??1????0?Incr?1081294????10-MAY-13/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/system01.dbf

??2????0?Incr?1081294????10-MAY-13/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/sysaux01.dbf

??3????0?Incr?1081294????10-MAY-13/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/undotbs01.dbf

??4????0?Incr?1081294????10-MAY-13/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/users01.dbf

??5????0?Incr?1081294????10-MAY-13/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/leo1.dbf

BS?Key??Type?LV?Size???????Device?Type?Elapsed?Time?Completion?Time

-------?----?--?----------?-----------?------------?---------------

20??????Full????9.39M?????DISK????????00:00:01?????10-MAY-13??????

????????BP?Key:?20???Status:?AVAILABLE??Compressed:?NO??Tag:?TAG20130510T150238

????????Piece?Name:/u02/app/oracle/backup/control/cf_c-1692458681-20130510-00

??SPFILE?Included:?Modificationtime:?30-APR-13

??SPFILE?db_unique_name:?LEO1

??Control?File?Included:?Ckp?SCN:1081329??????Ckp?time:?10-MAY-13

BS?Key??Type?LV?Size???????Device?Type?Elapsed?Time?Completion?Time

-------?----?--?----------?-----------?------------?---------------

21??????Incr?1??19.38M????DISK????????00:02:08?????10-MAY-13

????????BP?Key:?21???Status:?AVAILABLE??Compressed:?NO??Tag:?TAG20130510T151746

????????Piece?Name:/u02/app/oracle/backup/DB_0no99r4r_1_1

??List?of?Datafiles?in?backup?set?21

??File?LV?Type?Ckp?SCN????Ckp?Time?Name

??----?--?----?----------?-------------

??1????1?Incr?1083510????10-MAY-13/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/system01.dbf

??2????1?Incr?1083510????10-MAY-13/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/sysaux01.dbf

??3????1?Incr?1083510????10-MAY-13/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/undotbs01.dbf

??4????1?Incr?1083510????10-MAY-13/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/users01.dbf

??5????1?Incr?1083510????10-MAY-13/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/leo1.dbf

??6????1?Incr?1083510????10-MAY-13/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/test1_01.dbf

BS?Key??Type?LV?Size???????Device?Type?Elapsed?Time?Completion?Time

-------?----?--?----------?-----------?------------?---------------

22??????Full????9.39M?????DISK????????00:00:01?????10-MAY-13??????

????????BP?Key:?22???Status:?AVAILABLE??Compressed:?NO??Tag:?TAG20130510T152002

????????Piece?Name:?/u02/app/oracle/backup/control/cf_c-1692458681-20130510-01

??SPFILE?Included:?Modificationtime:?10-MAY-13

??SPFILE?db_unique_name:?LEO1

??Control?File?Included:?Ckp?SCN:1083563??????Ckp?time:?10-MAY-13

BS?Key??Type?LV?Size???????Device?Type?Elapsed?Time?Completion?Time

-------?----?--?----------?-----------?------------?---------------

23??????Full????9.39M?????DISK????????00:00:02?????10-MAY-13??????

????????BP?Key:?23???Status:?AVAILABLE??Compressed:?NO??Tag:?TAG20130510T152849

????????Piece?Name:?/u02/app/oracle/backup/control/cf_c-1692458681-20130510-02

??SPFILE?Included:?Modificationtime:?10-MAY-13

??SPFILE?db_unique_name:?LEO1

??Control?File?Included:?Ckp?SCN:1084027??????Ckp?time:?10-MAY-13

BS?Key??Type?LV?Size???????Device?Type?Elapsed?Time?Completion?Time

-------?----?--?----------?-----------?------------?---------------

24??????Incr?1??9.90M?????DISK????????00:02:00?????10-MAY-13

????????BP?Key:?24???Status:?AVAILABLE??Compressed:?NO??Tag:?TAG20130510T153609

????????Piece?Name:/u02/app/oracle/backup/DB_0qo99s79_1_1

??List?of?Datafiles?in?backup?set?24

??File?LV?Type?Ckp?SCN????Ckp?Time?Name

??----?--?----?----------?-------------

??1????1?Incr?1084375????10-MAY-13/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/system01.dbf

??2????1?Incr?1084375????10-MAY-13?/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/sysaux01.dbf

??3????1?Incr?1084375????10-MAY-13/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/undotbs01.dbf

??4????1?Incr?1084375????10-MAY-13/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/users01.dbf

??5????1?Incr?1084375????10-MAY-13/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/leo1.dbf

??6????1?Incr?1084375????10-MAY-13/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/test1_01.dbf

??7????1?Incr?1084375????10-MAY-13/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/test2_01.dbf

BS?Key??Type?LV?Size???????Device?Type?Elapsed?Time?Completion?Time

-------?----?--?----------?-----------?------------?---------------

25??????Full????9.39M?????DISK????????00:00:01?????10-MAY-13??????

????????BP?Key:?25???Status:?AVAILABLE??Compressed:?NO??Tag:?TAG20130510T153814

????????Piece?Name:/u02/app/oracle/backup/control/cf_c-1692458681-20130510-03

??SPFILE?Included:?Modificationtime:?10-MAY-13

??SPFILE?db_unique_name:?LEO1

??Control?File?Included:?Ckp?SCN:1084436??????Ckp?time:?10-MAY-13

從這個size大小上就可以看出?960.85M->19.38M->9.90M咱們做的都是增量備份，那么好現在開始恢復

SYS@LEO1>shutdown?immediate?

Database?closed.

Database?dismounted.

ORACLE?instance?shut?down.

SYS@LEO1>startup?mount????????????????????????????????啟動mount狀態恢復

ORACLE?instance?started.

Total?System?Global?Area??471830528bytes

Fixed?Size??????????????????2214456bytes

Variable?Size?????????????184550856?bytes

Database?Buffers??????????276824064bytes

Redo?Buffers????????????????8241152bytes

Database?mounted.

RMAN??進行基于SCN號不完全恢復

RMAN>?restore?database?until?scn?1084254;

Starting?restore?at?10-MAY-13

using?target?database?control?file?instead?of?recovery?catalog

allocated?channel:?ORA_DISK_1

channel?ORA_DISK_1:?SID=10?device?type=DISK

creating?datafile?file?number=7name=/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/test2_01.dbf

channel?ORA_DISK_1:?starting?datafile?backup?set?restore

channel?ORA_DISK_1:?specifying?datafile(s)?to?restore?from?backup?set

channel?ORA_DISK_1:?restoring?datafile?00001?to/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/system01.dbf

channel?ORA_DISK_1:?restoring?datafile?00002?to/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/sysaux01.dbf

channel?ORA_DISK_1:?restoring?datafile?00003?to/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/undotbs01.dbf

channel?ORA_DISK_1:?restoring?datafile?00004?to/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/users01.dbf

channel?ORA_DISK_1:?restoring?datafile?00005?to/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/leo1.dbf

channel?ORA_DISK_1:?reading?from?backup?piece?/u02/app/oracle/backup/DB_0lo99q5p_1_1????從0級備份開始恢復

channel?ORA_DISK_1:?piece?handle=/u02/app/oracle/backup/DB_0lo99q5p_1_1tag=TAG20130510T150112

channel?ORA_DISK_1:?restored?backup?piece?1

channel?ORA_DISK_1:?restore?complete,?elapsed?time:?00:01:45

channel?ORA_DISK_1:?starting?datafile?backup?set?restore

channel?ORA_DISK_1:?specifying?datafile(s)?to?restore?from?backup?set

channel?ORA_DISK_1:?restoring?datafile?00006?to/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/test1_01.dbf

channel?ORA_DISK_1:?reading?from?backup?piece?/u02/app/oracle/backup/DB_0no99r4r_1_1????再恢復1級

channel?ORA_DISK_1:?piece?handle=/u02/app/oracle/backup/DB_0no99r4r_1_1tag=TAG20130510T151746

channel?ORA_DISK_1:?restored?backup?piece?1

channel?ORA_DISK_1:?restore?complete,?elapsed?time:?00:00:01

Finished?restore?at?10-MAY-13

RMAN>?recover?database?until?scn?1084254;????????????????????同步scn號

Starting?recover?at?10-MAY-13

using?channel?ORA_DISK_1

channel?ORA_DISK_1:?starting?incremental?datafile?backup?set?restore

channel?ORA_DISK_1:?specifying?datafile(s)?to?restore?from?backup?set

destination?for?restore?of?datafile?00001:/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/system01.dbf

destination?for?restore?of?datafile?00002:/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/sysaux01.dbf

destination?for?restore?of?datafile?00003:/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/undotbs01.dbf

destination?for?restore?of?datafile?00004:/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/users01.dbf

destination?for?restore?of?datafile?00005:/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/leo1.dbf

channel?ORA_DISK_1:?reading?from?backup?piece/u02/app/oracle/backup/DB_0no99r4r_1_1

channel?ORA_DISK_1:?piece?handle=/u02/app/oracle/backup/DB_0no99r4r_1_1tag=TAG20130510T151746

channel?ORA_DISK_1:?restored?backup?piece?1

channel?ORA_DISK_1:?restore?complete,?elapsed?time:?00:00:03

starting?media?recovery

archived?log?for?thread?1?with?sequence?1?is?already?on?disk?as?file/u02/app/oracle/archdata/1_1_814107939.dbf

archived?log?file?name=/u02/app/oracle/archdata/1_1_814107939.dbf?thread=1sequence=1

media?recovery?complete,?elapsed?time:?00:00:02

Finished?recover?at?10-MAY-13

RMAN>?alter?database?open?resetlogs;?????????非一致性打開

database?opened

累積增量備份

零級備份

backup?incremental?level?0?cumulative?database;

創建表空間test3

創建表test3

一級累積備份

backup?incremental?level?1?cumulative?database;

創建表空間test4

創建表test4

一級累積備份

backup?incremental?level?1?cumulative?database;

記住當前的sequence號，我們刪除表test3和表test4，然后恢復到sequence那一刻，檢查表test3和表test4是否完整恢復回來，恢復窗口：恢復兩個備份集?0+1(最后一次備份)+redo

下面我們就做的快一點啦

RMAN>?backup?incremental?level?0?cumulative?database;?????????????????0級累積增量備份

Starting?backup?at?10-MAY-13

using?channel?ORA_DISK_1

channel?ORA_DISK_1:?starting?incremental?level?0?datafile?backup?set

channel?ORA_DISK_1:?specifying?datafile(s)?in?backup?set

input?datafile?file?number=00001?name=/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/system01.dbf

input?datafile?file?number=00002name=/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/sysaux01.dbf

input?datafile?file?number=00003name=/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/undotbs01.dbf

input?datafile?file?number=00005name=/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/leo1.dbf

input?datafile?file?number=00006name=/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/test1_01.dbf

input?datafile?file?number=00007name=/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/test2_01.dbf

input?datafile?file?number=00004name=/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/users01.dbf

channel?ORA_DISK_1:?starting?piece?1?at?10-MAY-13

channel?ORA_DISK_1:?finished?piece?1?at?10-MAY-13

piece?handle=/u02/app/oracle/backup/DB_0to99v4v_1_1?tag=TAG20130510T162607comment=NONE

channel?ORA_DISK_1:?backup?set?complete,?elapsed?time:?00:01:25

Finished?backup?at?10-MAY-13

Starting?Control?File?and?SPFILE?Autobackup?at?10-MAY-13

piece?handle=/u02/app/oracle/backup/control/cf_c-1692458681-20130510-05comment=NONE

Finished?Control?File?and?SPFILE?Autobackup?at?10-MAY-13

創建表空間和表test3

LEO1@LEO1>create?tablespace?test3?datafile'/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/test3_01.dbf'?size?20m?autoextend?off;

Tablespace?created.

LEO1@LEO1>create?table?test3?tablespace?test3?as?select?*?fromdba_objects;

Table?created.

1級累積備份

RMAN>?backup?incremental?level?1?cumulative?database;

Starting?backup?at?10-MAY-13

using?channel?ORA_DISK_1

channel?ORA_DISK_1:?starting?incremental?level?1?datafile?backup?set

channel?ORA_DISK_1:?specifying?datafile(s)?in?backup?set

input?datafile?file?number=00001name=/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/system01.dbf

input?datafile?file?number=00002name=/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/sysaux01.dbf

input?datafile?file?number=00003name=/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/undotbs01.dbf

input?datafile?file?number=00005name=/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/leo1.dbf

input?datafile?file?number=00006name=/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/test1_01.dbf

input?datafile?file?number=00007name=/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/test2_01.dbf

input?datafile?file?number=00008name=/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/test3_01.dbf

input?datafile?file?number=00004?name=/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/users01.dbf

channel?ORA_DISK_1:?starting?piece?1?at?10-MAY-13

channel?ORA_DISK_1:?finished?piece?1?at?10-MAY-13

piece?handle=?/u02/app/oracle/backup/DB_0vo99vgi_1_1?tag=TAG20130510T163217?comment=NONE

channel?ORA_DISK_1:?backup?set?complete,?elapsed?time:?00:02:05

Finished?backup?at?10-MAY-13

Starting?Control?File?and?SPFILE?Autobackup?at?10-MAY-13

piece?handle=/u02/app/oracle/backup/control/cf_c-1692458681-20130510-06comment=NONE

Finished?Control?File?and?SPFILE?Autobackup?at?10-MAY-13

創建表空間和表test4

LEO1@LEO1>create?tablespace?test4?datafile'/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/test4_01.dbf'?size?20m?autoextend?off;

Tablespace?created.

LEO1@LEO1>create?table?test4?tablespace?test4?as?select?*?fromdba_objects;

Table?created.

再一次1級累積備份

RMAN>?backup?incremental?level?1?cumulative?database;

Starting?backup?at?10-MAY-13

using?channel?ORA_DISK_1

channel?ORA_DISK_1:?starting?incremental?level?1?datafile?backup?set

channel?ORA_DISK_1:?specifying?datafile(s)?in?backup?set

input?datafile?file?number=00001name=/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/system01.dbf

input?datafile?file?number=00002name=/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/sysaux01.dbf

input?datafile?file?number=00003name=/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/undotbs01.dbf

input?datafile?file?number=00005?name=/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/leo1.dbf

input?datafile?file?number=00006name=/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/test1_01.dbf

input?datafile?file?number=00007name=/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/test2_01.dbf

input?datafile?file?number=00008?name=/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/test3_01.dbf

input?datafile?file?number=00009name=/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/test4_01.dbf

input?datafile?file?number=00004name=/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/users01.dbf

channel?ORA_DISK_1:?starting?piece?1?at?10-MAY-13

channel?ORA_DISK_1:?finished?piece?1?at?10-MAY-13

piece?handle=?/u02/app/oracle/backup/DB_11o99vpa_1_1?tag=TAG20130510T163657?comment=NONE

channel?ORA_DISK_1:?backup?set?complete,?elapsed?time:?00:01:55

Finished?backup?at?10-MAY-13

Starting?Control?File?and?SPFILE?Autobackup?at?10-MAY-13

piece?handle=/u02/app/oracle/backup/control/cf_c-1692458681-20130510-07comment=NONE

Finished?Control?File?and?SPFILE?Autobackup?at?10-MAY-13

SYS@LEO1>drop?table?test3?purge;

SYS@LEO1>drop?table?test4?purge;

切換2次日志

SYS@LEO1>alter?system?switch?logfile;

System?altered.

SYS@LEO1>alter?system?switch?logfile;

System?altered.

SYS@LEO1>archive?log?list

Database?log?mode?????????????Archive?Mode

Automatic?archival????????????Enabled

Archive?destination???????????/u02/app/oracle/archdata

Oldest?online?log?sequence?????3

Next?log?sequence?to?archive???5

Current?log?sequence???????????5

我們只需恢復到sequence=4即可

RMAN??進行基于sequence號不完全恢復

SYS@LEO1>shutdown?immediate

SYS@LEO1>startup?mount

RMAN>?restore?database?until?sequence?4?thread?1;????????????????一直恢復到4號歸檔日志

Starting?restore?at?10-MAY-13

using?target?database?control?file?instead?of?recovery?catalog

allocated?channel:?ORA_DISK_1

channel?ORA_DISK_1:?SID=10?device?type=DISK

channel?ORA_DISK_1:?starting?datafile?backup?set?restore

channel?ORA_DISK_1:?specifying?datafile(s)?to?restore?from?backup?set

channel?ORA_DISK_1:?restoring?datafile?00001?to/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/system01.dbf

channel?ORA_DISK_1:?restoring?datafile?00002?to/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/sysaux01.dbf

channel?ORA_DISK_1:?restoring?datafile?00003?to/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/undotbs01.dbf

channel?ORA_DISK_1:?restoring?datafile?00004?to/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/users01.dbf

channel?ORA_DISK_1:?restoring?datafile?00005?to/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/leo1.dbf

channel?ORA_DISK_1:?restoring?datafile?00006?to/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/test1_01.dbf

channel?ORA_DISK_1:?restoring?datafile?00007?to/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/test2_01.dbf

channel?ORA_DISK_1:?reading?from?backup?piece/u02/app/oracle/backup/DB_0to99v4v_1_1

channel?ORA_DISK_1:?piece?handle=?/u02/app/oracle/backup/DB_0to99v4v_1_1?tag=TAG20130510T162607

channel?ORA_DISK_1:?restored?backup?piece?1

channel?ORA_DISK_1:?restore?complete,?elapsed?time:?00:02:05

channel?ORA_DISK_1:?starting?datafile?backup?set?restore

channel?ORA_DISK_1:?specifying?datafile(s)?to?restore?from?backup?set

channel?ORA_DISK_1:?restoring?datafile?00008?to/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/test3_01.dbf

channel?ORA_DISK_1:?restoring?datafile?00009?to/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/test4_01.dbf

channel?ORA_DISK_1:?reading?from?backup?piece/u02/app/oracle/backup/DB_11o99vpa_1_1

channel?ORA_DISK_1:?piece?handle=?/u02/app/oracle/backup/DB_11o99vpa_1_1?tag=TAG20130510T163657

channel?ORA_DISK_1:?restored?backup?piece?1

channel?ORA_DISK_1:?restore?complete,?elapsed?time:?00:00:03

Finished?restore?at?10-MAY-13

RMAN>?recover?database?until?sequence?4?thread?1;

Starting?recover?at?10-MAY-13

using?channel?ORA_DISK_1

channel?ORA_DISK_1:?starting?incremental?datafile?backup?set?restore

channel?ORA_DISK_1:?specifying?datafile(s)?to?restore?from?backup?set

destination?for?restore?of?datafile?00001:/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/system01.dbf

destination?for?restore?of?datafile?00002:/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/sysaux01.dbf

destination?for?restore?of?datafile?00003:?/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/undotbs01.dbf

destination?for?restore?of?datafile?00004:/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/users01.dbf

destination?for?restore?of?datafile?00005:/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/leo1.dbf

destination?for?restore?of?datafile?00006:?/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/test1_01.dbf

destination?for?restore?of?datafile?00007:/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/test2_01.dbf

channel?ORA_DISK_1:?reading?from?backup?piece/u02/app/oracle/backup/DB_11o99vpa_1_1

channel?ORA_DISK_1:?piece?handle=?/u02/app/oracle/backup/DB_11o99vpa_1_1?tag=TAG20130510T163657

channel?ORA_DISK_1:?restored?backup?piece?1

channel?ORA_DISK_1:?restore?complete,?elapsed?time:?00:00:01

starting?media?recovery

archived?log?for?thread?1?with?sequence?3?is?already?on?disk?as?file/u02/app/oracle/archdata/1_3_815069267.dbf

archived?log?file?name=/u02/app/oracle/archdata/1_3_815069267.dbf?thread=1sequence=3

media?recovery?complete,?elapsed?time:?00:00:01

Finished?recover?at?10-MAY-13

RMAN>?alter?database?open?resetlogs;?????????打開數據庫

database?opened

LEO1@LEO1>select?count(*)?from?test3;????????完整恢復回來啦

??COUNT(*)

----------

????71894

LEO1@LEO1>select?count(*)?from?test4;????????

??COUNT(*)

----------

?????71895

大家肯定會發現一個有趣的現象，我們備份集順序DB_0to99v4v_1_1->DB_0vo99vgi_1_1->DB_11o99vpa_1_1

-rw-r-----?1?oracle?asmadmin?1023426560?May?10?16:27?DB_0to99v4v_1_1

-rw-r-----?1?oracle?asmadmin??10493952?May?10?16:34?DB_0vo99vgi_1_1

-rw-r-----?1?oracle?asmadmin??20193280?May?10?16:38?DB_11o99vpa_1_1

而我們恢復順序DB_0to99v4v_1_1->DB_11o99vpa_1_1，沒有中間的DB_0vo99vgi_1_1，這就是累積增量備份的特色，當進行備份時它要去找比它自己級別小的基準點進行增量備份，因此DB_11o99vpa_1_1是從0級一直備到最新狀態（包括DB_0vo99vgi_1_1）又根據Oracle優先使用備份集恢復，用完所有備份集后，在應用歸檔日志恢復，因為備份集效率比歸檔快很多，這一原則，我們可以直接使用DB_11o99vpa_1_1備份集進行恢復了。

小結：情深深雨蒙蒙~風吹草低見牛羊，示例說明兩種增量備份的差別實驗已經完成，大家從這些實驗中學習到東西了嘛！應該說這兩種增量各有千秋，適合不同的應用場景，如何更好的使用它們，要根據你項目能夠接受的備份及恢復程度而定，好了我們明天見goodbye?親。

3.演示用catalog數據庫作為RMAN的資料庫對數據庫進行一次全備份

上面我們說過RMAN元數據可以放在控制文件中，其實還可以放在catalog數據庫中，catalog庫是個什么東東呢？我們簡單的闡述一下它個功能。

1.??catalog庫統一管理RMAN備份信息即元數據信息，如果沒有catalog庫，就把RMAN備份信息寫入控制文件

2.??目標數據庫必須注冊到catalog庫中才能使用

3.??控制文件恢復成本越來越低，降低了catalog庫使用。

4.??控制文件不能保留超過一年以上的備份信息，catalog可卻可以。

5.??catalog庫可以同時保存n臺數據庫的備份信息，降低管理成本，提升管理效率

參考官方文檔

【參】Books->Backup?and?Recovery?Reference?->?CREATE?CATALOG和REGISTER

【參】Books->?Backup?and?Recovery?Advanced?User’s?Guide?->?10?Managing?the?RecoveryCatalog?->?Creating?a?Recovery?Catalog

1.創建表空間catalog1?用于存儲rman備份信息，創建表空間代表【catalog庫】

LEO1@LEO1>create?tablespace?catalog1?datafile'/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/catalog1_01.dbf'?size?20m?autoextend?off;

Tablespace?created.

2.創建用戶cl_admin并指定默認的表空間catalog1

LEO1@LEO1>create?user?cl_admin?identified?by?cl_admin?defaulttablespace?catalog1;

User?created.

3.將recovery_catalog_owner角色授予給cl_admin用戶，才能提供維護和查詢恢復目錄的權限

LEO1@LEO1>grant?connect,resource,recovery_catalog_owner?to?cl_admin;

Grant?succeeded.

LEO1@LEO1>select?*?from?dba_roles?where?role?like?'%RECOVER%';??????????????

ROLE??????????????????????????PASSWORD?AUTHENTICAT

------------------------------?--------?-----------

RECOVERY_CATALOG_OWNER????????NO???????NONE

LEO1@LEO1>conn?/?as?sysdba

Connected.

SYS@LEO1>select?*?from?role_sys_privs?whererole='RECOVERY_CATALOG_OWNER';????查看這個角色具有哪些系統權限->11個權限

ROLE??????????????????????????PRIVILEGE???????????????????????????????ADM

------------------------------?-------------------------------------------

RECOVERY_CATALOG_OWNER????????CREATE?SYNONYM??????????????????????????NO

RECOVERY_CATALOG_OWNER????????CREATE?CLUSTER??????????????????????????NO

RECOVERY_CATALOG_OWNER?????????ALTERSESSION????????????????????????????NO

RECOVERY_CATALOG_OWNER????????CREATE?DATABASE?LINK????????????????????NO

RECOVERY_CATALOG_OWNER????????CREATE?SESSION??????????????????????????NO

RECOVERY_CATALOG_OWNER????????CREATE?TABLE????????????????????????????NO

RECOVERY_CATALOG_OWNER????????CREATE?SEQUENCE?????????????????????????NO

RECOVERY_CATALOG_OWNER?????????CREATEPROCEDURE?????????????????????????NO

RECOVERY_CATALOG_OWNER????????CREATE?VIEW?????????????????????????????NO

RECOVERY_CATALOG_OWNER????????CREATE?TYPE?????????????????????????????NO

RECOVERY_CATALOG_OWNER????????CREATE?TRIGGER???????????????????????????NO

11?rows?selected.

4.進入rman創建恢復目錄catalog庫

[oracle@leonarding1?backup]$?rman?catalog?cl_admin/cl_admin?????????????以恢復目錄所有者身份登錄rman

Recovery?Manager:?Release?11.2.0.1.0?-?Production?on?Sat?May?11?09:06:292013

connected?to?recovery?catalog?database?????????????????????????????????連接到恢復目錄數據庫

RMAN>?create?catalog?tablespace?catalog1;????????????????????用catalog1表空間代表catalog庫

recovery?catalog?created

5.target庫注冊到catalog庫

[oracle@leonarding1?backup]$?rman?target?sys/oracle?catalogcl_admin/cl_admin

Recovery?Manager:?Release?11.2.0.1.0?-?Production?on?Sat?May?11?09:15:102013

connected?to?target?database:?LEO1?(DBID=1692458681)??必須以SYS身份登錄，不能以普通用戶身份登錄，否則不能注冊

connected?to?recovery?catalog?database????????????????同時也連接到了catalog庫

RMAN>?register?database;????????????????把target庫->注冊->catalog庫，誰注冊了誰的備份信息才能存到catalog庫

database?registered?in?recovery?catalog

starting?full?resync?of?recovery?catalog

full?resync?complete

6.在數據庫中確認注冊成功，看看哪些數據庫注冊到catalog庫了

[oracle@leonarding1?~]$?sqlplus?cl_admin/cl_admin

CL_ADMIN@LEO1>col?name?for?a6

CL_ADMIN@LEO1>select?*?from?rc_database;?????????從這個視圖上我們就可以看到leo1庫已經注冊到catalog中了

????DB_KEY??DBINC_KEY???????DBID?NAME???RESETLOGS_CHANGE#?RESETLOGS

----------?----------?----------?------?-----------------?---------

?????????2??????????4?1692458681?LEO1?????????????1086803?10-MAY-13

7.取消注冊

RMAN>?unregister?database;??????????????????????????????????????????從恢復目錄庫中取消目標數據庫的注冊

8.全庫備份

RMAN>?backup?as?compressed?backupset?full?database?include?currentcontrolfile?plus?archivelog?delete?all?input;

Starting?backup?at?11-MAY-13

current?log?archived

allocated?channel:?ORA_DISK_1

channel?ORA_DISK_1:?SID=19?device?type=DISK

channel?ORA_DISK_1:?starting?compressed?archived?log?backup?set

channel?ORA_DISK_1:?specifying?archived?log(s)?in?backup?set

input?archived?log?thread=1?sequence=6?RECID=38?STAMP=814107533

input?archived?log?thread=1?sequence=7?RECID=36?STAMP=814105467

channel?ORA_DISK_1:?starting?piece?1?at?11-MAY-13

channel?ORA_DISK_1:?finished?piece?1?at?11-MAY-13

piece?handle=/u02/app/oracle/backup/DB_15o9bs9s_1_1?tag=TAG20130511T094947comment=NONE

channel?ORA_DISK_1:?backup?set?complete,?elapsed?time:?00:00:01

channel?ORA_DISK_1:?deleting?archived?log(s)

archived?log?file?name=/u02/app/oracle/archdata/1_6_814098124.dbf?RECID=38STAMP=814107533

archived?log?file?name=/u02/app/oracle/archdata/1_7_814098124.dbf?RECID=36STAMP=814105467

channel?ORA_DISK_1:?starting?compressed?archived?log?backup?set

channel?ORA_DISK_1:?specifying?archived?log(s)?in?backup?set

input?archived?log?thread=1?sequence=1?RECID=39?STAMP=815067081

channel?ORA_DISK_1:?starting?piece?1?at?11-MAY-13

channel?ORA_DISK_1:?finished?piece?1?at?11-MAY-13

piece?handle=/u02/app/oracle/backup/DB_16o9bs9t_1_1?tag=TAG20130511T094947comment=NONE

channel?ORA_DISK_1:?backup?set?complete,?elapsed?time:?00:00:03

channel?ORA_DISK_1:?deleting?archived?log(s)

archived?log?file?name=/u02/app/oracle/archdata/1_1_814107939.dbf?RECID=39STAMP=815067081

channel?ORA_DISK_1:?starting?compressed?archived?log?backup?set

channel?ORA_DISK_1:?specifying?archived?log(s)?in?backup?set

input?archived?log?thread=1?sequence=8?RECID=37?STAMP=814105539

channel?ORA_DISK_1:?starting?piece?1?at?11-MAY-13

channel?ORA_DISK_1:?finished?piece?1?at?11-MAY-13

piece?handle=/u02/app/oracle/backup/DB_17o9bsa1_1_1?tag=TAG20130511T094947comment=NONE

channel?ORA_DISK_1:?backup?set?complete,?elapsed?time:?00:00:01

channel?ORA_DISK_1:?deleting?archived?log(s)

archived?log?file?name=/u02/app/oracle/archdata/1_8_814098124.dbf?RECID=37STAMP=814105539

channel?ORA_DISK_1:?starting?compressed?archived?log?backup?set

channel?ORA_DISK_1:?specifying?archived?log(s)?in?backup?set

input?archived?log?thread=1?sequence=2?RECID=40?STAMP=815067673

channel?ORA_DISK_1:?starting?piece?1?at?11-MAY-13

channel?ORA_DISK_1:?finished?piece?1?at?11-MAY-13

piece?handle=/u02/app/oracle/backup/DB_18o9bsa2_1_1?tag=TAG20130511T094947comment=NONE

channel?ORA_DISK_1:?backup?set?complete,?elapsed?time:?00:00:01

channel?ORA_DISK_1:?deleting?archived?log(s)

archived?log?file?name=/u02/app/oracle/archdata/1_2_814107939.dbf?RECID=40STAMP=815067673

channel?ORA_DISK_1:?starting?compressed?archived?log?backup?set

channel?ORA_DISK_1:?specifying?archived?log(s)?in?backup?set

input?archived?log?thread=1?sequence=1?RECID=43?STAMP=815070347

channel?ORA_DISK_1:?starting?piece?1?at?11-MAY-13

channel?ORA_DISK_1:?finished?piece?1?at?11-MAY-13

piece?handle=/u02/app/oracle/backup/DB_19o9bsa3_1_1?tag=TAG20130511T094947comment=NONE

channel?ORA_DISK_1:?backup?set?complete,?elapsed?time:?00:00:01

channel?ORA_DISK_1:?deleting?archived?log(s)

archived?log?file?name=/u02/app/oracle/archdata/1_1_815069267.dbf?RECID=43STAMP=815070347

channel?ORA_DISK_1:?starting?compressed?archived?log?backup?set

channel?ORA_DISK_1:?specifying?archived?log(s)?in?backup?set

input?archived?log?thread=1?sequence=3?RECID=41?STAMP=815067752

input?archived?log?thread=1?sequence=4?RECID=42?STAMP=815069267

channel?ORA_DISK_1:?starting?piece?1?at?11-MAY-13

channel?ORA_DISK_1:?finished?piece?1?at?11-MAY-13

piece?handle=/u02/app/oracle/backup/DB_1ao9bsa4_1_1?tag=TAG20130511T094947comment=NONE

channel?ORA_DISK_1:?backup?set?complete,?elapsed?time:?00:00:01

channel?ORA_DISK_1:?deleting?archived?log(s)

archived?log?file?name=/u02/app/oracle/archdata/1_3_814107939.dbf?RECID=41STAMP=815067752

archived?log?file?name=/u02/app/oracle/archdata/1_4_814107939.dbf?RECID=42STAMP=815069267

channel?ORA_DISK_1:?starting?compressed?archived?log?backup?set

channel?ORA_DISK_1:?specifying?archived?log(s)?in?backup?set

input?archived?log?thread=1?sequence=2?RECID=44?STAMP=815070349

input?archived?log?thread=1?sequence=3?RECID=45?STAMP=815071289

input?archived?log?thread=1?sequence=4?RECID=46?STAMP=815071321

channel?ORA_DISK_1:?starting?piece?1?at?11-MAY-13

channel?ORA_DISK_1:?finished?piece?1?at?11-MAY-13

piece?handle=/u02/app/oracle/backup/DB_1bo9bsa5_1_1?tag=TAG20130511T094947comment=NONE

channel?ORA_DISK_1:?backup?set?complete,?elapsed?time:?00:00:03

channel?ORA_DISK_1:?deleting?archived?log(s)

archived?log?file?name=/u02/app/oracle/archdata/1_2_815069267.dbf?RECID=44STAMP=815070349

archived?log?file?name=/u02/app/oracle/archdata/1_3_815069267.dbf?RECID=45STAMP=815071289

archived?log?file?name=/u02/app/oracle/archdata/1_4_815069267.dbf?RECID=46STAMP=815071321

channel?ORA_DISK_1:?starting?compressed?archived?log?backup?set

channel?ORA_DISK_1:?specifying?archived?log(s)?in?backup?set

input?archived?log?thread=1?sequence=1?RECID=48?STAMP=815130519

channel?ORA_DISK_1:?starting?piece?1?at?11-MAY-13

channel?ORA_DISK_1:?finished?piece?1?at?11-MAY-13

piece?handle=/u02/app/oracle/backup/DB_1co9bsa9_1_1?tag=TAG20130511T094947comment=NONE

channel?ORA_DISK_1:?backup?set?complete,?elapsed?time:?00:00:07

channel?ORA_DISK_1:?deleting?archived?log(s)

archived?log?file?name=/u02/app/oracle/archdata/1_1_815071959.dbf?RECID=48STAMP=815130519

channel?ORA_DISK_1:?starting?compressed?archived?log?backup?set

channel?ORA_DISK_1:?specifying?archived?log(s)?in?backup?set

input?archived?log?thread=1?sequence=5?RECID=47?STAMP=815071959

channel?ORA_DISK_1:?starting?piece?1?at?11-MAY-13

channel?ORA_DISK_1:?finished?piece?1?at?11-MAY-13

piece?handle=/u02/app/oracle/backup/DB_1do9bsag_1_1?tag=TAG20130511T094947comment=NONE

channel?ORA_DISK_1:?backup?set?complete,?elapsed?time:?00:00:01

channel?ORA_DISK_1:?deleting?archived?log(s)

archived?log?file?name=/u02/app/oracle/archdata/1_5_815069267.dbf?RECID=47STAMP=815071959

channel?ORA_DISK_1:?starting?compressed?archived?log?backup?set

channel?ORA_DISK_1:?specifying?archived?log(s)?in?backup?set

input?archived?log?thread=1?sequence=2?RECID=49?STAMP=815132985

channel?ORA_DISK_1:?starting?piece?1?at?11-MAY-13

channel?ORA_DISK_1:?finished?piece?1?at?11-MAY-13

piece?handle=/u02/app/oracle/backup/DB_1eo9bsai_1_1?tag=TAG20130511T094947comment=NONE

channel?ORA_DISK_1:?backup?set?complete,?elapsed?time:?00:00:01

channel?ORA_DISK_1:?deleting?archived?log(s)

archived?log?file?name=/u02/app/oracle/archdata/1_2_815071959.dbf?RECID=49STAMP=815132985

Finished?backup?at?11-MAY-13

Starting?backup?at?11-MAY-13

using?channel?ORA_DISK_1

channel?ORA_DISK_1:?starting?compressed?full?datafile?backup?set