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c++ 大数类 大数模板
小編覺得挺不錯的,現在分享給大家,幫大家做個參考.
分別使用C++中的運算符重載的方法來實現大數之間的數學運算，包括加法、減法、乘法、除法、n次方、取模、大小比較、賦值以及輸入流、輸出流的重載。。
???????? 并且使用這個大數模板，順利AC了HDOJ上的1134這個題目的Catalan數計數問題。。http://acm.hdu.edu.cn/showproblem.php?pid=1134
大數模板的代碼如下：
[cpp]?view plaincopy
#include<iostream>??? #include<string>??? #include<iomanip>??? #include<algorithm>??? using?namespace?std;??? ?? #define?MAXN?9999?? #define?MAXSIZE?10?? #define?DLEN?4?? ?? class?BigNum?? {??? private:??? ????int?a[500];?????? ????int?len;????????? public:??? ????BigNum(){?len?=?1;memset(a,0,sizeof(a));?}????? ????BigNum(const?int);????????? ????BigNum(const?char*);??????? ????BigNum(const?BigNum?&);???? ????BigNum?&operator=(const?BigNum?&);????? ?? ????friend?istream&?operator>>(istream&,??BigNum&);????? ????friend?ostream&?operator<<(ostream&,??BigNum&);????? ?? ????BigNum?operator+(const?BigNum?&)?const;????? ????BigNum?operator-(const?BigNum?&)?const;????? ????BigNum?operator*(const?BigNum?&)?const;????? ????BigNum?operator/(const?int???&)?const;?????? ?? ????BigNum?operator^(const?int??&)?const;?????? ????int????operator%(const?int??&)?const;?????? ????bool???operator>(const?BigNum?&?T)const;????? ????bool???operator>(const?int?&?t)const;???????? ?? ????void?print();????????? };??? BigNum::BigNum(const?int?b)??????? {??? ????int?c,d?=?b;?? ????len?=?0;?? ????memset(a,0,sizeof(a));?? ????while(d?>?MAXN)?? ????{?? ????????c?=?d?-?(d?/?(MAXN?+?1))?*?(MAXN?+?1);??? ????????d?=?d?/?(MAXN?+?1);?? ????????a[len++]?=?c;?? ????}?? ????a[len++]?=?d;?? }?? BigNum::BigNum(const?char*s)??????? {?? ????int?t,k,index,l,i;?? ????memset(a,0,sizeof(a));?? ????l=strlen(s);????? ????len=l/DLEN;?? ????if(l%DLEN)?? ????????len++;?? ????index=0;?? ????for(i=l-1;i>=0;i-=DLEN)?? ????{?? ????????t=0;?? ????????k=i-DLEN+1;?? ????????if(k<0)?? ????????????k=0;?? ????????for(int?j=k;j<=i;j++)?? ????????????t=t*10+s[j]-'0';?? ????????a[index++]=t;?? ????}?? }?? BigNum::BigNum(const?BigNum?&?T)?:?len(T.len)???? {??? ????int?i;??? ????memset(a,0,sizeof(a));??? ????for(i?=?0?;?i?<?len?;?i++)?? ????????a[i]?=?T.a[i];??? }??? BigNum?&?BigNum::operator=(const?BigNum?&?n)????? {?? ????int?i;?? ????len?=?n.len;?? ????memset(a,0,sizeof(a));??? ????for(i?=?0?;?i?<?len?;?i++)??? ????????a[i]?=?n.a[i];??? ????return?*this;??? }?? istream&?operator>>(istream?&?in,??BigNum?&?b)????? {?? ????char?ch[MAXSIZE*4];?? ????int?i?=?-1;?? ????in>>ch;?? ????int?l=strlen(ch);?? ????int?count=0,sum=0;?? ????for(i=l-1;i>=0;)?? ????{?? ????????sum?=?0;?? ????????int?t=1;?? ????????for(int?j=0;j<4&&i>=0;j++,i--,t*=10)?? ????????{?? ????????????sum+=(ch[i]-'0')*t;?? ????????}?? ????????b.a[count]=sum;?? ????????count++;?? ????}?? ????b.len?=count++;?? ????return?in;?? ?? }?? ostream&?operator<<(ostream&?out,??BigNum&?b)????? {?? ????int?i;???? ????cout?<<?b.a[b.len?-?1];??? ????for(i?=?b.len?-?2?;?i?>=?0?;?i--)?? ????{??? ????????cout.width(DLEN);??? ????????cout.fill('0');??? ????????cout?<<?b.a[i];??? ????}??? ????return?out;?? }?? ?? BigNum?BigNum::operator+(const?BigNum?&?T)?const????? {?? ????BigNum?t(*this);?? ????int?i,big;???????? ????big?=?T.len?>?len???T.len?:?len;??? ????for(i?=?0?;?i?<?big?;?i++)??? ????{??? ????????t.a[i]?+=T.a[i];??? ????????if(t.a[i]?>?MAXN)??? ????????{??? ????????????t.a[i?+?1]++;??? ????????????t.a[i]?-=MAXN+1;??? ????????}??? ????}??? ????if(t.a[big]?!=?0)?? ????????t.len?=?big?+?1;??? ????else?? ????????t.len?=?big;????? ????return?t;?? }?? BigNum?BigNum::operator-(const?BigNum?&?T)?const????? {???? ????int?i,j,big;?? ????bool?flag;?? ????BigNum?t1,t2;?? ????if(*this>T)?? ????{?? ????????t1=*this;?? ????????t2=T;?? ????????flag=0;?? ????}?? ????else?? ????{?? ????????t1=T;?? ????????t2=*this;?? ????????flag=1;?? ????}?? ????big=t1.len;?? ????for(i?=?0?;?i?<?big?;?i++)?? ????{?? ????????if(t1.a[i]?<?t2.a[i])?? ????????{??? ????????????j?=?i?+?1;??? ????????????while(t1.a[j]?==?0)?? ????????????????j++;??? ????????????t1.a[j--]--;??? ????????????while(j?>?i)?? ????????????????t1.a[j--]?+=?MAXN;?? ????????????t1.a[i]?+=?MAXN?+?1?-?t2.a[i];??? ????????}??? ????????else?? ????????????t1.a[i]?-=?t2.a[i];?? ????}?? ????t1.len?=?big;?? ????while(t1.a[t1.len?-?1]?==?0?&&?t1.len?>?1)?? ????{?? ????????t1.len--;??? ????????big--;?? ????}?? ????if(flag)?? ????????t1.a[big-1]=0-t1.a[big-1];?? ????return?t1;??? }??? ?? BigNum?BigNum::operator*(const?BigNum?&?T)?const????? {??? ????BigNum?ret;??? ????int?i,j,up;??? ????int?temp,temp1;????? ????for(i?=?0?;?i?<?len?;?i++)?? ????{??? ????????up?=?0;??? ????????for(j?=?0?;?j?<?T.len?;?j++)?? ????????{??? ????????????temp?=?a[i]?*?T.a[j]?+?ret.a[i?+?j]?+?up;??? ????????????if(temp?>?MAXN)?? ????????????{??? ????????????????temp1?=?temp?-?temp?/?(MAXN?+?1)?*?(MAXN?+?1);??? ????????????????up?=?temp?/?(MAXN?+?1);??? ????????????????ret.a[i?+?j]?=?temp1;??? ????????????}??? ????????????else?? ????????????{??? ????????????????up?=?0;??? ????????????????ret.a[i?+?j]?=?temp;??? ????????????}??? ????????}??? ????????if(up?!=?0)??? ????????????ret.a[i?+?j]?=?up;??? ????}??? ????ret.len?=?i?+?j;??? ????while(ret.a[ret.len?-?1]?==?0?&&?ret.len?>?1)?? ????????ret.len--;??? ????return?ret;??? }??? BigNum?BigNum::operator/(const?int?&?b)?const????? {??? ????BigNum?ret;??? ????int?i,down?=?0;????? ????for(i?=?len?-?1?;?i?>=?0?;?i--)?? ????{??? ????????ret.a[i]?=?(a[i]?+?down?*?(MAXN?+?1))?/?b;??? ????????down?=?a[i]?+?down?*?(MAXN?+?1)?-?ret.a[i]?*?b;??? ????}??? ????ret.len?=?len;??? ????while(ret.a[ret.len?-?1]?==?0?&&?ret.len?>?1)?? ????????ret.len--;??? ????return?ret;??? }?? int?BigNum::operator?%(const?int?&?b)?const?????? {?? ????int?i,d=0;?? ????for?(i?=?len-1;?i>=0;?i--)?? ????{?? ????????d?=?((d?*?(MAXN+1))%?b?+?a[i])%?b;???? ????}?? ????return?d;?? }?? BigNum?BigNum::operator^(const?int?&?n)?const?????? {?? ????BigNum?t,ret(1);?? ????int?i;?? ????if(n<0)?? ????????exit(-1);?? ????if(n==0)?? ????????return?1;?? ????if(n==1)?? ????????return?*this;?? ????int?m=n;?? ????while(m>1)?? ????{?? ????????t=*this;?? ????????for(?i=1;i<<1<=m;i<<=1)?? ????????{?? ????????????t=t*t;?? ????????}?? ????????m-=i;?? ????????ret=ret*t;?? ????????if(m==1)?? ????????????ret=ret*(*this);?? ????}?? ????return?ret;?? }?? bool?BigNum::operator>(const?BigNum?&?T)?const????? {??? ????int?ln;??? ????if(len?>?T.len)?? ????????return?true;??? ????else?if(len?==?T.len)?? ????{??? ????????ln?=?len?-?1;??? ????????while(a[ln]?==?T.a[ln]?&&?ln?>=?0)?? ????????????ln--;??? ????????if(ln?>=?0?&&?a[ln]?>?T.a[ln])?? ????????????return?true;??? ????????else?? ????????????return?false;??? ????}??? ????else?? ????????return?false;??? }?? bool?BigNum::operator?>(const?int?&?t)?const?????? {?? ????BigNum?b(t);?? ????return?*this>b;?? }?? ?? void?BigNum::print()?????? {??? ????int?i;????? ????cout?<<?a[len?-?1];??? ????for(i?=?len?-?2?;?i?>=?0?;?i--)?? ????{??? ????????cout.width(DLEN);??? ????????cout.fill('0');??? ????????cout?<<?a[i];??? ????}??? ????cout?<<?endl;?? }?? int?main(void)?? {?? ????int?i,n;?? ????BigNum?x[101];???????? ????x[0]=1;?? ????for(i=1;i<101;i++)?? ????????x[i]=x[i-1]*(4*i-2)/(i+1);?? ????while(scanf("%d",&n)==1?&&?n!=-1)?? ????{?? ????????x[n].print();?? ????}?? }??
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