POJ数学题目
1.burnside定理,polya計(jì)數(shù)法
??? 這個(gè)大家可以看brudildi的《組合數(shù)學(xué)》,那本書的這一章寫的很詳細(xì)也很容易理解。最好能完全看懂了,理解了再去做題,不要只記個(gè)公式。
??? *簡單題:(直接用套公式就可以了)
??? pku2409 Let it Bead???
???http://acm.pku.edu.cn/JudgeOnline/problem?id=2409
??? pku2154 Color
???http://acm.pku.edu.cn/JudgeOnline/problem?id=2154
??? pku1286 Necklace of Beads
???http://acm.pku.edu.cn/JudgeOnline/problem?id=1286
??? *強(qiáng)烈推薦:(這題很不錯(cuò)哦,很巧妙)
??? pku2888 Magic Bracelet
???http://162.105.81.212/JudgeOnline/problem?id=2888
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2.置換,置換的運(yùn)算
??? 置換的概念還是比較好理解的,《組合數(shù)學(xué)》里面有講。對于置換的冪運(yùn)算大家可以參考一下潘震皓的那篇《置換群快速冪運(yùn)算研究與探討》,寫的很好。
??? *簡單題:(應(yīng)該理解概念就可以了)
??? pku3270 Cow Sorting
???http://acm.pku.edu.cn/JudgeOnline/problem?id=3270
??? pku1026 Cipher
???http://acm.pku.edu.cn/JudgeOnline/problem?id=1026
??? *置換冪運(yùn)算:
??? pku1721 CARDS
???http://162.105.81.212/JudgeOnline/problem?id=1721
??? pku3128 Leonardo's Notebook
???http://162.105.81.212/JudgeOnline/problem?id=3128
??? *推薦:(不錯(cuò)的應(yīng)用)
??? pku3590 The shuffle Problem
???http://162.105.81.212/JudgeOnline/problem?id=3590
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3.素?cái)?shù),整數(shù)分解,歐拉函數(shù)
??? 素?cái)?shù)是可能數(shù)論里最永恒,最經(jīng)典的問題了(我們的隊(duì)名就叫PrimeMusic^-^)。素?cái)?shù)的判斷,篩法求素?cái)?shù),大素?cái)?shù)的判斷···還有很多其他問題都會(huì)用到素?cái)?shù)。
??? *最水最水的:(心情不爽時(shí)用來解悶吧)
??? pku1365 Prime Land
??? pku2034 Anti-prime Sequences
??? pku2739 Sum of Consecutive Prime Numbers
??? pku3518 Prime Gap
??? pku3126 Prime Path
??? pku1595 Prime Cuts
??? pku3641 Pseudoprime numbers
??? pku2191 Mersenne Composite Numbers
??? pku1730 Perfect Pth Powers
??? pku2262 Goldbach's Conjecture
??? pku2909 Goldbach's Conjecture
??? *篩法:
??? pku2689 Prime Distance(很好的一個(gè)應(yīng)用)
???http://162.105.81.212/JudgeOnline/problem?id=2689
??? *反素?cái)?shù):
??? zoj2562 More Divisors
????http://acm.zju.edu.cn/onlinejudge/showProblem.do?problemCode=2562
??? *素?cái)?shù)判斷,整數(shù)分解:
??? 這兩題都要用到miller_rabin的素?cái)?shù)判斷和pollard_rho的整數(shù)分解,算法書上都會(huì)有,應(yīng)該是屬于模板題吧,不過最好看懂自己敲一遍。
??? pku1811 Prime Test
???http://acm.pku.edu.cn/JudgeOnline/problem?id=1811
??? pku2429 GCD & LCM Inverse
???http://acm.pku.edu.cn/JudgeOnline/problem?id=2429
??? *歐拉函數(shù):
??? 數(shù)論里很多地方都能用到歐拉函數(shù),很重要的。
??? pku1284 Primitive Roots (很水)
???http://acm.pku.edu.cn/JudgeOnline/problem?id=1284
??? pku2407 Relatives (很水)
???http://acm.pku.edu.cn/JudgeOnline/problem?id=2407
??? pku2773 Happy 2006
???http://162.105.81.212/JudgeOnline/problem?id=2773
??? pku2478 Farey Sequence (快速求歐拉函數(shù))
???http://162.105.81.212/JudgeOnline/problem?id=2478
??? pku3090 Visible Lattice Points (法雷級數(shù))
???http://acm.pku.edu.cn/JudgeOnline/problem?id=3090
??? *推薦:(歐拉函數(shù),費(fèi)馬小定理)
??? pku3358 Period of an Infinite Binary Expansion
???http://acm.pku.edu.cn/JudgeOnline/problem?id=3358
??? *整數(shù)分解
??? 這個(gè)也很重要的耶,包括大數(shù)的表示方法。
??? pku2992 Divisors
???http://acm.pku.edu.cn/JudgeOnline/problem?id=2992
??? fzu1753 Another Easy Problem
???http://acm.fzu.edu.cn/problem.php?pid=1753
??? hit2813 Garden visiting
???http://acm-hit.sunner.cn/judge/show.php?Proid=2813
??? pku3101 Astronomy (分?jǐn)?shù)的最小公倍數(shù))
???http://acm.pku.edu.cn/JudgeOnline/problem?id=3101
?
4.擴(kuò)展歐幾里得,線性同余,中國剩余定理
??? 這應(yīng)該是數(shù)論里比較重要的一個(gè)部分吧,這類的題目也挺多,具體的內(nèi)容最好先看看數(shù)論書,我也整理過一些,可以參考參考:
????http://hi.baidu.com/ С _shw/blog/item/0676025d56a87d4afbf2c093.html
??? *簡單題:
??? pku1006 Biorhythms
???http://acm.pku.edu.cn/JudgeOnline/problem?id=1006
??? pku1061 青蛙的約會(huì)
???http://acm.pku.edu.cn/JudgeOnline/problem?id=1061
??? pku2891 Strange Way to Express Integers
???http://acm.pku.edu.cn/JudgeOnline/problem?id=2891
??? pku2115 C Looooops
???http://acm.pku.edu.cn/JudgeOnline/problem?id=2115
??? pku2142 The Balance
???http://162.105.81.212/JudgeOnline/problem?id=2142
??? *強(qiáng)烈推薦:
??? sgu106 The equation
????http://acm.sgu.ru/problem.php?contest=0&problem=106
??? pku3708 Recurrent Function (經(jīng)典)
???http://acm.pku.edu.cn/JudgeOnline/problem?id=3708
??? 5.約瑟夫環(huán)問題
??? 這個(gè)問題還是比較有意思的,不是很難。
??? *簡單題:
??? pku3517 And Then There Was One
???http://acm.pku.edu.cn/JudgeOnline/problem?id=3517
??? pku1781 In Danger
???http://acm.pku.edu.cn/JudgeOnline/problem?id=1781
??? pku1012 Joseph
???http://162.105.81.212/JudgeOnline/problem?id=1012
??? pku2244 Eeny Meeny Moo
???http://162.105.81.212/JudgeOnline/problem?id=2244
??? *推薦:
??? pku2886 Who Gets the Most Candies?
???http://162.105.81.212/JudgeOnline/problem?id=2886
?
6.高斯消元法解方程
??? 其實(shí)解方程并不是很難,就是按線性代數(shù)中學(xué)的那種方法,把系數(shù)矩陣化成上三角矩陣或數(shù)量矩陣,不過有些題目要判斷是否有解,或枚舉所有解。不過這類題目我認(rèn)為比較難的還是怎么去建立這個(gè)方程組,這個(gè)理解了,就沒什么大問題了。
??? *簡單題:
??? pku1222 EXTENDED LIGHTS OUT
???http://162.105.81.212/JudgeOnline/problem?id=1222
??? pku1681 Painter's Problem
???http://162.105.81.212/JudgeOnline/problem?id=1681
??? pku1830 開關(guān)問題
???http://162.105.81.212/JudgeOnline/problem?id=1830
??? *推薦:
??? pku2947 Widget Factory
???http://162.105.81.212/JudgeOnline/problem?id=2947
??? pku2065 SETI
???http://162.105.81.212/JudgeOnline/problem?id=2065
??? *強(qiáng)烈推薦:
??? pku1753 Flip Game
???http://162.105.81.212/JudgeOnline/problem?id=1753
??? pku3185 The Water Bowls
???http://162.105.81.212/JudgeOnline/problem?id=3185
??? *變態(tài)題:
??? pku1487 Single-Player Games
???http://162.105.81.212/JudgeOnline/problem?id=1487?
??
7.矩陣
??? 用矩陣來解決問題確實(shí)很常見,但我現(xiàn)在用到還不是很好,很多難題我還不會(huì)做。建議大家可以去看Matrix67的那篇關(guān)于矩陣的十個(gè)問題,確實(shí)很經(jīng)典,但不太好看懂。
??? *簡單:
??? pku3070 Fibonacci
???http://162.105.81.212/JudgeOnline/problem?id=3070
??? pku3233 Matrix Power Series
???http://162.105.81.212/JudgeOnline/problem?id=3233
??? pku3735 Training little cats
???http://162.105.81.212/JudgeOnline/problem?id=3735
?
8.高次同余方程
??? 有關(guān)這個(gè)問題我應(yīng)該是沒什么發(fā)言權(quán)了,A^B%C=D,我現(xiàn)在只會(huì)求D和B,唉,很想知道A該怎么求。就先推薦幾道題目吧,這里涉及到了一個(gè)baby-step,giant-step算法。
??? fzu1759 Super A^B mod C
???http://acm.fzu.edu.cn/problem.php?pid=1759
??? pku3243 Clever Y
???http://162.105.81.212/JudgeOnline/problem?id=3243
??? pku2417 Discrete Logging
???http://162.105.81.212/JudgeOnline/problem?id=2417
??? hdu2815 Mod Tree
???http://acm.hdu.edu.cn/showproblem.php?pid=2815
?
9.容斥原理,鴿巢原理
??? 很有用的兩個(gè)定理,但好像單獨(dú)考這兩個(gè)定理的不是很多。
??? *鴿巢原理:
??? pku2365 Find a multiple
???http://162.105.81.212/JudgeOnline/problem?id=2356
??? pku3370 Halloween treats
???http://162.105.81.212/JudgeOnline/problem?id=3370
??? *容斥原理:
??? hdu1695 GCD
???http://acm.hdu.edu.cn/showproblem.php?pid=1695
??? hdu2461 Rectangles
???http://acm.hdu.edu.cn/showproblem.php?pid=2461
?
10.找規(guī)律,推公式
??? 這類題目的設(shè)計(jì)一般都非常巧妙,真的是很難想出來,但只要找到規(guī)律或推出公式,就不是很難了。我很多都是在參考別人思路的情況下做的,能自己想出來真的很不容易。
??? *個(gè)人感覺都挺不錯(cuò)的:
??? pku3372 Candy Distribution
???http://162.105.81.212/JudgeOnline/problem?id=3372
??? pku3244 Difference between Triplets
???http://162.105.81.212/JudgeOnline/problem?id=3244
??? pku1809 Regetni
???http://162.105.81.212/JudgeOnline/problem?id=1809
??? pku1831 不定方程組
???http://162.105.81.212/JudgeOnline/problem?id=1831
??? pku1737 Connected Graph
???http://162.105.81.212/JudgeOnline/problem?id=1737
??? pku2480 Longge's problem
???http://162.105.81.212/JudgeOnline/problem?id=2480
??? pku1792 Hexagonal Routes
???http://acm.pku.edu.cn/JudgeOnline/problem?id=1792
?
11.排列組合,區(qū)間計(jì)數(shù),計(jì)數(shù)序列
??? 這些題目可能需要一些組合數(shù)學(xué)知識,基本上高中的知識就夠了。區(qū)間計(jì)數(shù)問題一般不難,但寫的時(shí)候需要仔細(xì)一些,各種情況要考慮到位。至于像卡特蘭數(shù),差分序列,斯特靈數(shù)···都還挺有意思,可以去看看《組合數(shù)學(xué)》。
??? *簡單題:
??? pku1850 Code
???http://162.105.81.212/JudgeOnline/problem?id=1850
??? pku1150 The Last Non-zero Digit
???http://162.105.81.212/JudgeOnline/problem?id=1150
??? pku1715 Hexadecimal Numbers
???http://162.105.81.212/JudgeOnline/problem?id=1715
??? pku2282 The Counting Problem
???http://162.105.81.212/JudgeOnline/problem?id=2282
??? pku3286 How many 0's?
???http://162.105.81.212/JudgeOnline/problem?id=3286
??? *推薦:
??? pku3252 Round Numbers
???http://162.105.81.212/JudgeOnline/problem?id=3252
??? *計(jì)數(shù)序列:
??? pku1430 Binary Stirling Numbers
???http://162.105.81.212/JudgeOnline/problem?id=1430
??? pku2515 Birthday Cake
???http://acm.pku.edu.cn/JudgeOnline/problem?id=2515
??? pku1707 Sum of powers
???http://acm.pku.edu.cn/JudgeOnline/problem?id=1707
?
12.二分法
??? 二分的思想還是很重要的,這里就簡單推薦幾個(gè)純粹的二分題。
??? *簡單:
??? pku3273 Monthly Expense
???http://162.105.81.212/JudgeOnline/problem?id=3273
??? pku3258 River Hopscotch
???http://162.105.81.212/JudgeOnline/problem?id=3258
??? pku1905 Expanding Rods
???http://162.105.81.212/JudgeOnline/problem?id=1905
??? pku3122 Pie
???http://162.105.81.212/JudgeOnline/problem?id=3122
??? *推薦:
??? pku1845 Sumdiv
???http://acm.pku.edu.cn/JudgeOnline/problem?id=1845
?
13.穩(wěn)定婚姻問題
??? 無意中接觸到這個(gè)算法,還蠻有意思的,《組合數(shù)學(xué)》中有詳細(xì)的介紹。
??? pku3487 The Stable Marriage Problem
???http://acm.pku.edu.cn/JudgeOnline/problem?id=3487
??? zoj1576 Marriage is Stable
????http://acm.zju.edu.cn/onlinejudge/showProblem.do?problemCode=1576
?
14.數(shù)位類統(tǒng)計(jì)問題
??? 在航點(diǎn)月賽中第一次接觸到這類問題,scau大牛little龍推薦我看了一篇論文,09年劉聰?shù)摹稖\談數(shù)位類統(tǒng)計(jì)問題》,這篇論文相當(dāng)精彩,也相當(dāng)詳 細(xì),每道題都有詳細(xì)的分析和作者的參考代碼。所以我也沒什么可說的了,這些題的代碼我博客里也就不貼了,大家直接去看論文吧。
??? 簡單:
??? ural1057 Amount of degrees
????http://acm.timus.ru/problem.aspx?space=1&num=1057
??? spoj1182 Sorted bit squence
???https://www.spoj.pl/problems/SORTBIT/
??? hdu3271 SNIBB
???http://acm.hdu.edu.cn/showproblem.php?pid=3271
??? 較難:
??? spoj2319 Sequence
???https://www.spoj.pl/problems/BIGSEQ/
??? sgu390 Tickets
????http://acm.sgu.ru/problem.php?contest=0&problem=390
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