################email#######
基本電子郵件發送

電子郵件發送
1 .服務器使用SMTP協議將電子郵件提交至TCP端口25,或由本地客戶端通過/usr/bin/sendmail程序進行提交。如果該MTA是最終目標位置,郵件將傳遞至MDA。否則,將使用MX記錄在DNS中查找下一個MTA,并使用SMTP進行轉發。
2 .MDA:“郵件發送代理”。MDA將郵件發送至收件人的本地郵件存儲位置(默認情況下是/var/spool/mail/user)。Postfix提供自己的MDA,以發送至基于文件的本地默認郵件存儲位置/usr/libexec/postfix/local.
3 .轉發:電子郵件服務器(MTA)將提交的郵件轉發至另一個服務器,以進行發送
4 .排隊:失敗的發送或轉發嘗試排隊等待,并由MTA定義重試。(默認情況下,Postfix每小時執行此操作一次)
5 .拒絕:在首次提交期間,電子郵件被電子郵件服務器拒絕
6 .退回:遠程服務器接受電子郵件以進行發送以后,又將該電子郵件退回給始發電子郵件服務器和/或用戶
7 .電子郵件以進行發送以后,又將該電子郵件退回給始發電子郵件服務器和/或用戶準備：

########################準備：#####
一: desktop虛擬機(westos-mail.westos.com)
#######配置網絡。yum源。修改主機名稱

?? 88??cd /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/
?? 89?ls
?? 90?vim ifcfg-eth0?
DEVICE=eth0
ONBOOT=yes
BOOTPROTO=none
IPADDR=172.25.254.144
NETMASK=255.255.255.0
? 104 ?hostnamectl set-hostnamewestos-mail.westos.com
? 105?logout
? 107?vim /etc/yum.repos.d/rhel_dvd.repo?
? 108?yum clean all

#####配置DNS
? 109?yum install bind -y
? 111?systemctl start named
? 114?vim /etc/named.conf?

??115?vim /etc/named.rfc1912.zones?

? 116?cd /var/named
? 117?ls
? 118?cp -p? named.localhostwestos.com.zone
? 119?vim westos.com.zone

? 120?cp -p? westos.com.zoneqq.com.zone
? 121?vim qq.com.zone

? 122?systemctl restart named
? 131?systemctl stop firewalld
####測試：
? 123?vim /etc/resolv.conf?

? 124?cd?
? 126?dig dns.westos.com
? 136?dig? -t mx westos.com

二：server虛擬機（qq-mail.qq.com）
######配置網絡。yum源。修改主機名稱
???? 1 cd/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/
???? 2?ls
???? 3?vim ifcfg-eth0?
???? 4?vim /etc/yum.repos.d/rhel_dvd.repo?
? ???5? yumclean all
???? 6?hostnamectl set-hostname qq-mail.qq.com
???? 7?logout
#######測試：
?? 20?vim /etc/resolv.conf?
?? 21?dig dns.qq.com
?? 22?dig -t mx qq.com

#######################
#### postfix ##########
1.
postfix提供smtp協議用來投遞郵件
默認端口25
/var/log/maillog??? ##服務日志
mail root@westos.com
Subject: hello
hello world?
.?????? #用"."來結束錄入內容并發送
mailq?????? ##查看郵件隊列
postqueue -f??? ##重新處理郵件隊列

默認情況下郵件端口只在127.0.0.1上開啟

2.配置 兩個虛擬機都配置
可以在/etc/postfix/main.cf文件中找到以下所有指令。
（1）myorigin
重寫本地發布的電子郵件,使其顯示為來自該域。這樣有助于確保響應返回入站郵件服務器默認:myorigin = $myhostname
（2）inet_interfaces
控制Postfix偵聽傳入電子郵件的網絡接口。如果設置為loopback-only,僅偵聽127.0.0.1和::1,
如果設置為all,則偵聽所有網絡接口。還可以指定特定地址。
默認:inet_interfaces = localhost
（3）mydestination
收到地址為這些域的電子郵件將傳遞至MDA,以進行本地發送。
默認:mydestination = $myhostname, localhost.$mydomain,localhost
（4）mynetworks
IP地址和網絡的逗號分隔列表(采用CIDR表示法)。這些地址和網絡可以通過此MTA轉發至
任何位置,無需進一步身份驗證。
默認:mynetworks = 127.0.0.0/8
（5）relayhost
relayhost轉發所有通過的出站郵件。通常用方括號指定,以阻止MX記錄查找。
默認:relayhost =local_transport
收件地址為$mydestination的郵件的發送方式。默認情況下,設置為local:$myhostname(使用Local MDA將傳入電子郵件發送到/var/spool/mail中的本地郵件存儲位置)
默認:local_transport = local:$myhostname
（6）postconf -d 顯示默認值。
（7）postconf -n顯示不同于默認值的更改。

####westos.com:

vim /etc/postfix/main.cf
116 inet_interfaces = all?????? ##25端口開啟的網絡接口?
76 myhostname = westos-mail.westos.com? ##指定mta主機名稱
83 mydomain = westos.com??????? ##指定mta的域名
99 myorigin = westos.com/$mydomain? ##指定郵件來源結尾（@后面的字符內容）
164 mydestination = $myhostname, $mydomain, localhost?? ##接收郵件結尾字符的指定
systemctl restart postfix.service
systemctl stop firewalld?

?? 28?vim /etc/postfix/main.cf

?? 29?systemctl restart postfix.service
?? 30?systemctl stop firewalld?

####qq.com:

vim /etc/postfix/main.cf
116 inet_interfaces = all?????? ##25端口開啟的網絡接口?
76 myhostname = qq-mail.qq.com? ##指定mta主機名稱
83 mydomain = qq.com??????? ##指定mta的域名
99 myorigin = qq.com/$mydomain? ##指定郵件來源結尾（@后面的字符內容）
164 mydestination = $myhostname, $mydomain, localhost?? ##接收郵件結尾字符的指定
systemctl restart postfix.service
systemctl stop firewalld?


? ?8?vim /etc/postfix/main.cf?

???9?? systemctl restartpostfix.service?
?? 10?systemctl stop firewalld

測試：?可以互相發郵件

? ? ? ? 31?mail root@qq.com
? ? ? ? 32?mailq
? ? ? ? 33?mail

? ?11?mail
?? 12?mail root@westos.com
?? 13?mailq

3.郵件別名
[root@qq-mail ~]# vim /etc/aliases
別名：? 真名??????????? ##郵件別名
別名：? :include:filename?? ##郵件群發
vim filename
user1
user2
postalias /etc/aliases
mail 別名

?? 39??vim /etc/aliases?? ####配置文件

?? 40?vim /etc/postfix/qun

?? 41?postalias /etc/aliases?? ###加密
?? 42?systemctl restart postfix.service
?? 43??mail qun@westos.com?? #####郵件群發
?? 44?mailq
?? 45?mail????????????????
?? 46?mail -u student
?? 47??mail admin@westos.com? #####root別名admin
?? 48?mailq
?? 49?mail
?? 50??mail admiin@westos.com? ####student別名admiin
?? 51?mailq
?? 52?mail -u student

4.通過遠程主機測試郵件服務
真機：

[root@foundation44 ~]#?yum install telnet.x86_64 -y
[root@foundation44 ~]#?telnet 172.25.254.144 25
Trying 172.25.254.144...
Connected to 172.25.254.144.
Escape character is '^]'.
220 westos-mail.westos.com ESMTP Postfix
ehlo hello ####確定軟件是否裝好
250-westos-mail.westos.com
250-PIPELINING
250-SIZE 10240000
250-VRFY
250-ETRN
250-ENHANCEDSTATUSCODES
250-8BITMIME
250 DSN
mail from:root@westos.com? #####發送方
250 2.1.0 Ok
rcpt to:root@qq.com? #####接收方
250 2.1.5 Ok
data???????????????????? ####編輯郵件內容
354 End data with <CR><LF>.<CR><LF>
fhylkhhiplu.kj
.
250 2.0.0 Ok: queued as 4CF3617E86E
quit???????????????????? #####退出
221 2.0.0 Bye
Connection closed by foreign host.
[root@foundation44 yum.repos.d]#?
檢測：
(1)westos.com ?發送方

[root@westos-mail ~]# mailq
-Queue ID- --Size-- ----Arrival Time---- -Sender/Recipient-------
52431246202????? 194 Tue May 2301:48:23? root@westos.com
????????????? (connect to172.25.254.244[172.25.254.244]:25: No route to host)
????????????????????????????????????????root@qq.com

-- 0 Kbytes in 1 Request.
[root@westos-mail ~]# postqueue -f??? ##重新處理郵件隊列
[root@westos-mail ~]# mailq
Mail queue is empty
[root@westos-mail ~]#?

(2)qq.com?接收方

[root@qq-mail ~]# mail
Heirloom Mail version 12.5 7/5/10.? Type? for help.
"/var/spool/mail/root": 3 messages 2 new 3 unread
?U?1 root????????????????? Tue May 2300:05? 22/734?? "qqqq"
>N? 2 root@westos.com?????? Tue May 23 01:52? 14/494??
?N?3 root@westos.com?????? Tue May 2301:53? 15/497???
& quit
Held 3 messages in /var/spool/mail/root
You have mail in /var/spool/mail/root
[root@qq-mail ~]#?


5.郵件客戶端的訪問控制

#########限制客戶端
在westos.com：

postconf -e "smtpd_client_restrictions = check_client_accesshash:/etc/postfix/access" ###生成/etc/postfix/main.cf文件中的內容

vim /etc/postfix/main.cf

vim /etc/postfix/access
172.25.254.44?? REJECT

postmap /etc/postfix/access? ####加密/etc/postfix/access

systemctl restart postfix???? ####重啟postfix?

測試:真機
[root@foundation44 ~]# telnet 172.25.254.144 25
Trying 172.25.254.144...
Connected to 172.25.254.144.
Escape character is '^]'.
220 westos-mail.westos.com ESMTP Postfix
mail from:root@westos.com?? #####發送方
250 2.1.0 Ok
rcpt to:root@qq.com??? ####接受方
554 5.7.1?<unknown[172.25.254.44]>: Client host rejected: Accessdenied

#####限制用戶發送

[root@westos-mail ~]#? postconf -e"smtpd_sender_restrictions = check_sender_accesshash:/etc/postfix/sender"
[root@westos-mail ~]# vim /etc/postfix/main.cf

[root@westos-mail ~]# vim /etc/postfix/sender
? student@westos.com?? REJECT

[root@westos-mail ~]# cd /etc/postfix
[root@westos-mail postfix]# ls
access???? canonical? header_checks?master.cf? relocated? sender.db?virtual
access.db? generic??? main.cf??????? qun??????? sender???? transport
[root@westos-mail postfix]# systemctl start named
[root@westos-mail postfix]# systemctl restart postfix

測試：
[root@foundation44 ~]# telnet 172.25.254.144 25
Trying 172.25.254.144...
Connected to 172.25.254.144.
Escape character is '^]'.
220 westos-mail.westos.com ESMTP Postfix
mail from:student@westos.com
250 2.1.0 Ok
rcpt to:root@qq.com
554 5.7.1?<student@westos.com>: Sender address rejected: Accessdenied

############限制用戶接收

[root@westos-mail ~]# postconf -e "smtpd_recipient_restrictions =check_sender_access hash:/etc/postfix/recip"
[root@westos-mail ~]# vim /etc/postfix/main.cf

[root@westos-mail ~]# vim /etc/postfix/recip
?? westos@westos.com?? REJECT

[root@westos-mail ~]# postmap /etc/postfix/recip
[root@westos-mail ~]# systemctl restart postfix
[root@westos-mail ~]# useradd westos
[root@westos-mail ~]#?

測試：
[root@foundation44 ~]# telnet 172.25.254.144 25
Trying 172.25.254.144...
Connected to 172.25.254.144.
Escape character is '^]'.
220 westos-mail.westos.com ESMTP Postfix
mail from:westos@westos.com
250 2.1.0 Ok
rcpt to:westos@westos.com??????
554 5.7.1 <westos@westos.com>: Sender address rejected: Accessdenied
quit
221 2.0.0 Bye
Connection closed by foreign host.

#########企業郵箱
####出棧地址轉換
??? 1?postconf -d | grep generic
??? 2?postconf -e "smtp_generic_maps =?hash:/etc/postfix/generic"
??? 3?vim? /etc/postfix/main.cf

??? 4?vim /etc/postfix/generic
westos@westos.com?? hello@sb.com
真域名???????????????????假域名

??? 5?postmap?/etc/postfix/generic
??? 6?systemctl restart postfix
??? 7?su - westos

測試：[westos@westos-mail ~]$ history
???? 1?mail root@qq.com
???? 2?mailq
[root@qq-mail ~]# mail

##入戰地址轉換
1. dns mx 記錄解析先做好
?? 17?vim /etc/named.rfc1912.zones

? ?18? cp-p qq.com.zone sb.com.zone
?? 19?vim sb.com.zone

?? 20?systemctl restart named
?? 21?dig -t mx sb.com

2.?

? ?26? postconf -e"virtual_alias_maps =?hash:/etc/postfix/virtual"
?? 27?vim /etc/postfix/main.cf?

?? 28??vim /etc/postfix/virtual
虛擬名字??????? 真實用戶
hello@sb.com??????? westos@westos.com

?? 29?postmap /etc/postfix/virtual
?? 30?systemctl restart postfix
?? 31?su - westos
測試：
[root@qq-mail ~]# mail hello@sb.com

[westos@westos-mail ~]$ mail

##########################

####### dovecot ##########
##########################
1.
dovecot 用來提供收件協議
pop3??????? 110
imap??????? 143
imaps?????? 993
pop3s?????? 995

給定用戶名稱，用戶密碼，dovecot程序代我們去看這個用戶的郵件文件

###############收郵件######
2.
yum install dovecot -y
systemctl start dovecot
netstat -antlpe | grep dovecot

3.
vim /etc/dovecot/dovecot.conf
24 protocols = imap pop3 lmtp
48 login_trusted_networks = 0.0.0.0/0
49 disable_plaintext_auth = no

?

vim /etc/dovecot/conf.d/10-mail.conf

30 mail_location = mbox:~/mail:INBOX=/var/mail/%u ##防止別人收到你的郵件
passwd westos?? ####

mail westos

4.

?[root@westos-mail ~]# su - westos
[westos@westos-mail ~]$ mkdir mail/.imap/ -p
[westos@westos-mail ~]$ touch mail/.imap/INBOX
[westos@westos-mail ~]$ logout

5.自動撰寫 mail/.imap
mkdir /etc/skel/mail/.imap/ -p
touch /etc/skel/mail/.imap/INBOX
/etc/skel? #####骨架目錄

?? 14 ?mkdir /etc/skel/mail/.imap/ -p
?? 15?touch /etc/skel/mail/.imap/INBOX
?? 16?useradd lee
?? 17?cd /home/lee
?? 18?ll
?? 19?ls mail/ -a
?? 20?ls mail/.imap/INBOX
?? 21?passwd lee
?? 22??mail lee

測試

真機：
[root@foundation44 ~]# yum install mutt -y
[root@foundation44 ~]#? mutt -fpop://westos@172.25.254.144
2 kept, 0 deleted.

[root@foundation44 ~]#? mutt -fpop://lee@172.25.254.144
1 kept, 0 deleted.

選擇O

輸入密碼

按Enter

######雷鳥######
1 下載 thunderbird-31.2.0-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
2 安裝
yum install /home/kiosk/Desktop/thunderbird-31.2.0-1.el7.x86_64.rpm -y
3 （1）打開雷鳥

（2）

4驗證:
[root@qq-mail ~]# mail

##########mariadb;dovecot;postfix########
一
準備工作：
（1）#####postfix###
westos.com:
? 201?mv? /etc/postfix/main.cf? /mnt/
? 202?yum reinstall postfix -y

? 203?vim /etc/postfix/main.cf
116 inet_interfaces = all?????? ##25端口開啟的網絡接口?
76 myhostname = qq-mail.qq.com? ##指定mta主機名稱
83 mydomain = qq.com??????? ##指定mta的域名
99 myorigin = qq.com/$mydomain? ##指定郵件來源結尾（@后面的字符內容）
164 mydestination = $myhostname, $mydomain, localhost?? ##接收郵件結尾字符的指定
? 204?systemctl restart postfix

（2）######mariadb####
? 205?yum install http php php-mysql mariadb-server -y
? 206?systemctl start mariadb
? 208?vim /etc/my.cnf????????? ###mysqul的配置文件
???????? 14? skip-networking=1

? 209?systemctl restart mariadb? ###重啟mariadb服務

? 210?mysql_secure_installation??###mysql安全內容配置
?????? 所有都按Enter鍵

下載?
? 215 scproot@172.25.254.44:/home/kiosk/Desktop/phpMyAdmin-3.4.0-all-languages.tar.bz2? /var/www/html
?? ###########下載 壓縮包
? 216 cd /var/www/html
? 217 ls
? 218?tar jxf phpMyAdmin-3.4.0-all-languages.tar.bz2
? ####解壓壓縮包到/var/www/html
? 219?ls
? 220?rm -fr *.bz2
? 221?ls

? 222?mv phpMyAdmin-3.4.0-all-languages/ mysqladmain #### 將安裝包下的所有文件移動到 mysqladmin
? 223?cd mysqladmain/
? 224?ls

? 225?cp config.sample.inc.php?config.inc.php? ###復制配置文件
? 226?vim config.inc.php?? ###寫配置文件
$cfg['blowfish_secret'] = 'mysql'; /* YOU MUST FILL IN THIS FOR COOKIE AUTH!*/

? 227?systemctl restart httpd

真機：
打開瀏覽器訪問：http://172.25.254.144/myadmin/

westos.com:

? 228?mysql -uroot -pqwer
??? MariaDB [(none)]> create userpostuser@localhost identified by 'postuser';??####建立postuser用戶 ，本地登陸
??? MariaDB [(none)]> grantselect,update,insert on email.* to postuser@localhost; ####### 本機登陸postuser,授權
??? MariaDB [(none)]> select * fromemail.emailuser;###查詢email.emailuser表中的所有內容
??? MariaDB [(none)]> quit

測試：
??? 32 cd /etc/postfix
??? 34?vim mailuser.cf? ####用戶名稱查詢
hosts = localhost? #####數據庫所在的主機
user = postuser??? #####登陸數據庫的用戶
password = postuser #####登陸數據庫的密碼
dbname = email??? #####postfix要查詢的名字
table = emailuser ######postfix要查詢的表的名字
select_field = username? #####postfix要查詢的字段
where_field = username? ####用戶給定postfix的查詢條件

?? 35?postmap -q "lee@lee.com" mysql:/etc/postfix/mailuser.cf
?? 36?cp mailuser.cf maildomain.cf
?? 37?vim maildomain.cf? #### 用戶域名查詢
hosts = localhost
user = postuser
password = postuser
dbname = email
table = emailuser
select_field = domain
where_field = domain

?? 38?postmap -q "lee.com" mysql:/etc/postfix/maildomain.cf
?? 39?cp mailuser.cf mailbox.cf
?? 40?vim mailbox.cf? ####用戶郵箱位置查詢
hosts = localhost
user = postuser
password = postuser
dbname = email
table = emailuser
select_field = maildir
where_field = username
???41?postmap -q "lee@lee.com" mysql:/etc/postfix/mailbox.cf

?? 42?ls

?? 43?cat mailuser.cf
?? 44?cat maildomain.cf
?? 45?cat mailbox.cf
?? 46?history

二##配置postfix

[root@westos-mail ~]# groupadd -g 666 vmail?
[root@westos-mail ~]# useradd -s /sbin/nologin -u 666 vmail -g 666
[root@westos-mail ~]# id vmail
uid=666(vmail) gid=666(vmail) groups=666(vmail)

[root@westos-mail ~]# postconf -e "virtual_mailbox_base =/home/vmail"
##設定虛擬用戶的郵件目錄
[root@westos-mail ~]#? postconf -e"virtual_uid_maps = static:666"
##虛擬用戶建立文件的uid
[root@westos-mail ~]# postconf -e "virtual_gid_maps =static:666"
##虛擬用戶建立文件的gid
[root@westos-mail ~]# postconf -e "virtual_alias_maps =mysql:/etc/postfix/mailuser.cf"
[root@westos-mail ~]# postconf -e "virtual_mailbox_domains =mysql:/etc/postfix/maildomain.cf"
[root@westos-mail ~]# postconf -e "virtual_mailbox_maps =mysql:/etc/postfix/mailbox.cf"
[root@westos-mail ~]#? vim/etc/postfix/main.cf

[root@westos-mail ~]#? systemctl restartpostfix
[root@westos-mail ~]#? ll/etc/postfix/mailbox.cf
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 134 May 23 09:05 /etc/postfix/mailbox.cf
[root@westos-mail ~]# ll /etc/postfix/mailuser.cf
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 135 May 23 09:03 /etc/postfix/mailuser.cf
[root@westos-mail ~]# ll /etc/postfix/maildomain.cf
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 131 May 23 09:04 /etc/postfix/maildomain.cf

修改郵箱位置

測試：
[root@westos-mail ~]# cd /home/vmail
[root@westos-mail vmail]# ls
[root@westos-mail vmail]# mail lee@lee.com
Subject: abcd
abcd
.
EOT
[root@westos-mail vmail]# ls
lee.com
[root@westos-mail vmail]# cd lee.com
[root@westos-mail lee.com]# ls
lee
[root@westos-mail lee.com]# cd lee
[root@westos-mail lee]# ls
cur? new?tmp
[root@westos-mail lee]# catnew/1495545556.Vfd01I1a9eecdM433309.westos-mail.westos.com?

本文轉自 如何何如? 51CTO博客，原文鏈接：http://blog.51cto.com/12778805/1928816，如需轉載請自行聯系原作者

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