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tomcat的部署及session绑定反代

發(fā)布時間：2025/7/14 编程问答 27 豆豆

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Tomcat是由Apache軟件基金會下屬的Jakarta項目開發(fā)的一個Servlet容器，按照

Sun Microsystems提供的技術(shù)規(guī)范，實現(xiàn)了對Servlet和JavaServer Page（JSP）

的支持，并提供了作為Web服務(wù)器的一些特有功能，如Tomcat管理和控制平臺、

安全局管理和Tomcat閥等。由于Tomcat本身也內(nèi)含了一個HTTP服務(wù)器，它也可

以被視作一個單獨的Web服務(wù)器。但是，不能將Tomcat和Apache Web服務(wù)器混

淆，Apache Web Server是一個用C語言實現(xiàn)的HTTP web server；這兩個HTTP

web server不是捆綁在一起的。Apache Tomcat包含了一個配置管理工具，也可

以通過編輯XML格式的配置文件來進行配置。摘自-wiki

規(guī)劃
?apache + mod_jk / mod_proxy ? 172.16.43.1(salve1.king.com)
?jdk , tomcat ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?172.16.43.2(salve2.king.com)
?jdk , tomcat ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?172.16.43.3(salve2.king.com)

1 .基本配置 jdk , tomcat (slave2.king.com , slave3.king.com)

  i) 準(zhǔn)備jdk , tomcat的bin包 jdk-7u9-linux-x64.rpm  apache-tomcat-7.0.42.tar.gz  # ii) 安裝配置jdk rpm -ivh jdk-7u9-linux-x64.rpm  vim?/etc/profile.d/java.sh   export?JAVA_HOME=/usr/java/latest   export?PATH=$JAVA_HOME/bin:$PATH  # 退出編輯后重新執(zhí)行該腳本導(dǎo)出環(huán)境變量  .?/etc/profile.d/java.sh  java --version # 可以看到如下信息  [root@slave2 ~]# java -version   java version?"1.7.0_09"  Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 1.7.0_09-b05) Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (build 23.5-b02, mixed mode) # 最后利用javac編譯helloworld確保成功 vim Hello.java public class Hello {  ??public static void main(String[] args) {   ????System.out.println("Hello Wolrd");   ??}  } # 編譯java代碼 javac Hello.java # 運行java代碼 , 注意這里是 類名 java Hello  

  iii) 配置安裝tomcat  tar?xf apache-tomcat-7.0.42.tar.gz -C?/usr/local   ln?-sv?/usr/local/apache-tomcat-7.0.42?/usr/local/tomcat  #  vim?/etc/init.d/tomcat  #!/bin/sh # Tomcat init script for Linux. # # chkconfig: 2345 96 14 # description: The Apache Tomcat servlet/JSP container. # JAVA_OPTS='-Xms64m -Xmx128m'  JAVA_HOME=/usr/java/latest   CATALINA_HOME=/usr/local/tomcat   export?JAVA_HOME CATALINA_HOME  #  case?$1?in  start)  ??exec?$CATALINA_HOME/bin/catalina.sh start ;;  stop)  ??exec?$CATALINA_HOME/bin/catalina.sh stop;;  restart)  ??$CATALINA_HOME/bin/catalina.sh stop   ??sleep?2   ??exec?$CATALINA_HOME/bin/catalina.sh start ;;  *)  ??echo?"Usage: `basename $0` {start|stop|restart}"   ??exit?1   ??;;  esac # # 編輯完畢后添加tomcat服務(wù)開機啟動  chmod?+x?/etc/init.d/tomcat  chkconfig --add tomcat chkconfig tomcat on service tomcat start  

# 測試不改任何配置文件,tomcat默認(rèn)監(jiān)聽在8080端口,直接訪問

2. 反代配置 apache + mod_jk(ajp) / mod_proxy(ajp , http) + tomcat

  i) 準(zhǔn)備apache , tomcat-connectors(mod_jk)的源碼包 (salve1.king.com) # mod_proxy是apache的原生模塊  httpd-2.4.9.tar.bz2   tomcat-connectors-1.2.37-src.tar.gz   

  ii) 安裝配置apache基于mod_jk(ajp協(xié)議)的反向代理 (salve1.king.com) 編譯需要依賴 pcre-devel-7.8-6.el6.bz2? apr-1.5.0.bz2? apr-util-1.5.3.bz2 按需進行依次編譯安裝  tar?xf pcre-devel-7.8-6.el6.bz2   cd?pcre-devel-7.8-6   ./configure?--prefix=/usr/local/pcre   make?&&?make?install  #  tar?xf apr-1.5.0.tar.bz2   cd?apr-1.5.0   ./configure?--prefix=/usr/local/apr   make?&&?make?install  #  tar?xf apr-util-1.5.3.tar.bz2   cd?apr-util-1.5.3   ./configure?--prefix=/usr/local/apr-util?--with-apr=/usr/local/apr   make?&&?make?install  # # 安裝之前請確保系統(tǒng)之前預(yù)裝的httpd已被卸載 rpm -e httpd --nodeps  tar?xf httpd-2.4.9.tar.bz2   cd?httpd-2.4.9   ./configure?--prefix=/usr/local/apache?--sysconfdir=/etc/httpd?--enable-so --enable-ssl --enable-cgi --enable-rewrite --with-zlib --with-pcre --with-apr=/usr/local/apr?--with-apr-util=/usr/local/apr-util?--enable-mpms-shared=all --with-mpm=event --enable-proxy --enable-proxy-http --enable-proxy-ajp --enable-proxy-balancer? --enable-lbmethod-heartbeat --enable-heartbeat --enable-slotmem-shm? --enable-slotmem-plain --enable-watchdog   make?&&?make?install  # # 編輯/etc/httpd/httpd.conf，添加如下行即可：  PidFile??"/var/run/httpd.pid"?# 32行  # 將如下模塊啟動,否則無法啟動httpd  LoadModule slotmem_shm_module modules/mod_slotmem_shm.so?#128  # # 啟動腳本如下 vim /etc/rc.d/init.d/httpd #!/bin/bash # # httpd??????? Startup script for the Apache HTTP Server # # chkconfig: - 85 15 # description: The Apache HTTP Server is an efficient and extensible? \ #????????? server implementing the current HTTP standards. # processname: httpd # config: /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf # config: /etc/sysconfig/httpd # pidfile: /var/run/httpd/httpd.pid #  .?/etc/rc.d/init.d/functions   if?[ -f?/etc/sysconfig/httpd?];?then   ????????.?/etc/sysconfig/httpd  fi  HTTPD_LANG=${HTTPD_LANG-"C"}   INITLOG_ARGS=""   apachectl=/usr/local/apache/bin/apachectl???# 修改apachectl路徑   httpd=/usr/local/apache/bin/httpd??????# 修改httpd bin路徑  prog=httpd  pidfile=${PIDFILE-/var/run/httpd.pid}   lockfile=${LOCKFILE-/var/lock/subsys/httpd}  RETVAL=0 STOP_TIMEOUT=${STOP_TIMEOUT-10} start() {  ????????echo?-n $"Starting $prog: "   ????????LANG=$HTTPD_LANG daemon --pidfile=${pidfile} $httpd $OPTIONS   ????????RETVAL=$?   ????????echo   ????????[ $RETVAL = 0 ] &&?touch?${lockfile}   ????????return?$RETVAL  } stop() {  ????echo?-n $"Stopping $prog: "   ????killproc -p ${pidfile} -d ${STOP_TIMEOUT} $httpd   ????RETVAL=$?   ????echo   ????[ $RETVAL = 0 ] &&?rm?-f ${lockfile} ${pidfile}  } reload() {  ????echo?-n $"Reloading $prog: "   ????if?! LANG=$HTTPD_LANG $httpd $OPTIONS -t >&/dev/null;?then   ????????RETVAL=6   ????????echo?$"not reloading due to configuration syntax error"   ????????failure $"not reloading $httpd due to configuration syntax error"   ????else   ????????# Force LSB behaviour from killproc   ????????LSB=1 killproc -p ${pidfile} $httpd -HUP   ????????RETVAL=$?   ????????if?[ $RETVAL -eq?7 ];?then   ????????????failure $"httpd shutdown"   ????????fi   ????fi   ????echo  } # See how we were called.  case?"$1"?in   ??start)   ????start   ????;;   ??stop)   ????stop   ????;;   ??status)   ????????status -p ${pidfile} $httpd   ????RETVAL=$?   ????;;   ??restart)   ????stop   ????start   ????;;   ??condrestart|try-restart)   ????if?status -p ${pidfile} $httpd >&/dev/null;?then   ????????stop   ????????start   ????fi   ????;;   ??force-reload|reload)   ????????reload   ????;;   ??graceful|help|configtest|fullstatus)   ????$apachectl $@   ????RETVAL=$?   ????;;   ??*)   ????echo?$"Usage: $prog {start|stop|restart|condrestart|try-restart|force-reload|reload|status|fullstatus|graceful|help|configtest}"   ????RETVAL=2  esac  exit?$RETVAL  # # 而后為此腳本賦予執(zhí)行權(quán)限：  chmod?+x?/etc/rc.d/init.d/httpd  # # 加入服務(wù)列表： chkconfig --add httpd # # mod_jk安裝配置  tar?xf tomcat-connectors-1.2.37-src.tar.gz   cd?tomcat-connectors-1.2.37-src/native/   ./configure?--with-apxs=/usr/local/apache/bin/apxs   make?&&?make?install  # # 啟動httpd service httpd start  

# httpd安裝好后需要觀察如下模塊是否已經(jīng)就緒

  iii) mod_jk(ajp協(xié)議)反代tomcat示例 (slave1.king.com)  vim?/etc/httpd/extra/httpd-jk.conf  # Load the mod_jk  LoadModule? jk_module? modules/mod_jk.so   JkWorkersFile??/etc/httpd/extra/workers.properties   JkLogFile? logs/mod_jk.log  JkLogLevel? debug JkMount? /*? tomcat1  JkMount??/status/??stat1  #  vim?/etc/httpd/extra/workers.properties  worker.list=tomcat1,stat1 worker.tomcat1.port=8009 worker.tomcat1.host=172.16.43.2  worker.tomcat1.type=ajp13  worker.tomcat1.lbfactor=1  worker.stat1.type?= status  #  vim?/etc/httpd/httpd.conf   DirectoryIndex index.jsp??# 249行   Include?/etc/httpd/extra/httpd-jk.conf?# 446行  #  vim?/usr/local/tomcat/conf/server.xml (slave2.king.com , slave3.king.com)   <Engine name="Catalina"?defaultHost="localhost"?jvmRoute="tomcat1">??# 103行  # 兩個節(jié)點分別重啟 httpd , tomcat 服務(wù)  

# 測試, 此時基本的反代及status頁面已經(jīng)可以訪問

  iv) mod_proxy(http協(xié)議 , ajp協(xié)議)反代tomcat示例 (salve1.king.com) # 在httpd.conf的全局配置段(Directory)或虛擬主機(VirtualHost)中添加如下內(nèi)容： ProxyVia Off ProxyRequests Off ProxyPreserveHost Off <Proxy *>  ??Require all granted   </Proxy>   ??ProxyPass? /? ajp://172.16.43.2:8009/   ??ProxyPassReverse? /? ajp://172.16.43.2:8009/  <Location? / >  ??Require all granted   </Location>  # # apache跟Tomcat的http連接器進行整合： ProxyVia Off ProxyRequests Off  ProxyPass / http://172.16.100.2:8080/   ProxyPassReverse / http://172.16.100.2:8080/  <Proxy *>  ??Require all granted   </Proxy>  <Location? / >  ??Require all granted   </Location>  # # 基于session綁定均衡反代 ProxyRequests Off  <proxy balancer://lbcluster>   BalancerMember ajp://172.16.100.1:8009 loadfactor=10 route=tomcat1   BalancerMember ajp://172.16.100.2:8009 loadfactor=10 route=tomcat2   </proxy>  # <VirtualHost *:80> ServerName www.king.com  ProxyPass / balancer://lbcluster/?stickysession=JSESSIONID   ProxyPassReverse / balancer://lbcluster/   </VirtualHost>  # # 為tomcat建立新的webapp用于測試 (slave2.king.com , slave3.king.com)  vim?/usr/local/tomcat/conf/server.xml   <Context path="/testsession"?docBase="/usr/local/tomcat/webapps/testsession"?/>?# 140行  # # 測試頁面 (slave2.king.com)  <%@ page language="java"?%>  <html>  ??<head><title>tomcat1</title></head>   ??<body>   ????<h1><font color="red">tomcat1.king.com</font></h1>   ????<table align="centre"?border="1">   ??????<tr>   ????????<td>Session ID</td>   ????<% session.setAttribute("king.com","king.com"); %>   ????????<td><%= session.getId() %></td>   ??????</tr>   ??????<tr>   ????????<td>Created on</td>   ????????<td><%= session.getCreationTime() %></td>   ?????</tr>   ????</table>   ??</body>   </html>  # # 測試頁面 (salve3,king.com)  <%@ page language="java"?%>  <html>  ??<head><title>tomcat2</title></head>   ??<body>   ????<h1><font color="red">tomcat2.king.com</font></h1>   ????<table align="centre"?border="1">   ??????<tr>   ????????<td>Session ID</td>   ????<% session.setAttribute("king.com","king.com"); %>   ????????<td><%= session.getId() %></td>   ??????</tr>   ??????<tr>   ????????<td>Created on</td>   ????????<td><%= session.getCreationTime() %></td>   ?????</tr>   ????</table>   ??</body>   </html>   

# 測試, 使用不同瀏覽器將訪問落在不同節(jié)點上,反復(fù)刷新不變則證明sticksession成功

本文轉(zhuǎn)自My_King1 51CTO博客，原文鏈接：http://blog.51cto.com/apprentice/1409339，如需轉(zhuǎn)載請自行聯(lián)系原作者

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