RHEL5(CentOS)下nginx+php+mysql+tomcat+memchached配置全过程(转)
RHEL5(CentOS)下nginx+php+mysql+tomcat+memchached配置全過程
一、準備工作：
SSH,telnet終端中文顯示亂碼解決辦法
vi /etc/sysconfig/i18n
將內容改為
LANG="zh_CN.GB18030"
LANGUAGE="zh_CN.GB18030:zh_CN.GB2312:zh_CN"
SUPPORTED="zh_CN.GB18030:zh_CN:zh:en_US.UTF-8:en_US:en"
SYSFONT="lat0-sun16"
二、安裝PHP 5.2.10（FastCGI模式）
1、編譯安裝PHP 5.2.10所需的支持庫：
tar zxvf libiconv-1.13.tar.gz
cd libiconv-1.13/
./configure --prefix=/usr/local
make
make install
cd ../
tar zxvf libmcrypt-2.5.8.tar.gz
cd libmcrypt-2.5.8/
./configure
make
make install
/sbin/ldconfig
cd libltdl/
./configure --enable-ltdl-install
make
make install
cd http://www.cnblogs.com/
tar zxvf mhash-0.9.9.9.tar.gz
cd mhash-0.9.9.9/
./configure
make
make install
cd ../
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.la /usr/lib/libmcrypt.la
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.so /usr/lib/libmcrypt.so
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.so.4 /usr/lib/libmcrypt.so.4
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.so.4.4.8 /usr/lib/libmcrypt.so.4.4.8
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.a /usr/lib/libmhash.a
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.la /usr/lib/libmhash.la
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.so /usr/lib/libmhash.so
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.so.2 /usr/lib/libmhash.so.2
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.so.2.0.1 /usr/lib/libmhash.so.2.0.1
tar zxvf mcrypt-2.6.8.tar.gz
cd mcrypt-2.6.8/
/sbin/ldconfig
./configure
make
make install
cd ../
2、編譯安裝MySQL 5.1.38
/usr/sbin/groupadd mysql
/usr/sbin/useradd -g mysql mysql
tar zxvf mysql-5.1.38.tar.gz
cd mysql-5.1.38/
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/mysql/ --enable-assembler --with-extra-charsets=complex --enable-thread-safe-client --with-big-tables --with-readline --with-ssl --with-embedded-server --enable-local-infile --with-plugins=innobase
make && make install
chmod +w /usr/local/mysql
chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/mysql
cd ../
附：以下為附加步驟，如果你想在這臺服務器上運行MySQL數據庫，則執行以下兩步。如果你只是希望讓PHP支持MySQL擴展庫，能夠連接其他服務器上的MySQL數據庫，那么，以下兩步無需執行。
①、創建MySQL數據庫存放目錄
mkdir -p /data/mysql/data/
chown -R mysql:mysql /data/mysql/
②、以mysql用戶帳號的身份建立數據表：
/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_install_db --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/data/mysql/data --user=mysql
③、創建my.cnf配置文件：
vi /data/mysql/my.cnf
輸入以下內容：
引用
[client]
default-character-set = utf8
port??? = 3306
socket? = /tmp/mysql.sock
[mysql]
prompt="(\u:www.xxx.com:)[\d]> "
no-auto-rehash
[mysqld]
#default-character-set = utf8
lower_case_table_names=1
user??? = mysql
port??? = 3306
socket? = /tmp/mysql.sock
basedir = /usr/local/mysql
datadir = /data/mysql/data
open_files_limit??? = 10240
back_log = 600
max_connections = 3000
max_connect_errors = 6000
table_cache = 614
external-locking = FALSE
max_allowed_packet = 32M
sort_buffer_size = 2M
join_buffer_size = 2M
thread_cache_size = 300
thread_concurrency = 8
query_cache_size = 32M
query_cache_limit = 2M
query_cache_min_res_unit = 2k
default-storage-engine = MyISAM
default_table_type = MyISAM
thread_stack = 192K
transaction_isolation = READ-COMMITTED
tmp_table_size = 246M
max_heap_table_size = 246M
long_query_time = 1
log_long_format
log-bin = /data/mysql/binlog
binlog_cache_size = 4M
binlog_format = MIXED
max_binlog_cache_size = 8M
max_binlog_size = 512M
expire_logs_days = 7
key_buffer_size = 256M
read_buffer_size = 1M
read_rnd_buffer_size = 16M
bulk_insert_buffer_size = 64M
myisam_sort_buffer_size = 128M
myisam_max_sort_file_size = 10G
myisam_max_extra_sort_file_size = 10G
myisam_repair_threads = 1
myisam_recover
skip-name-resolve
master-connect-retry = 10
slave-skip-errors = 1032,1062,126,1114,1146,1048,1396
server-id = 1
innodb_additional_mem_pool_size = 16M
innodb_buffer_pool_size = 2048M
innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:1024M:autoextend
innodb_file_io_threads = 4
innodb_thread_concurrency = 8
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 2
innodb_log_buffer_size = 16M
innodb_log_file_size = 128M
innodb_log_files_in_group = 3
innodb_max_dirty_pages_pct = 90
innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 120
innodb_file_per_table = 0
[mysqldump]
quick
max_allowed_packet = 32M
直接殺掉mysql進程：killall -TERM mysqld
④、創建管理MySQL數據庫的shell腳本：
vi /data/mysql/mysql
#!/bin/sh
mysql_port=3306
mysql_username="root"
mysql_password="xxx_dba"
function_start_mysql()
{
??? printf "Starting MySQL...\n"
??? /bin/sh /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/data/mysql/my.cnf 2>&1 > /dev/null &
}
function_stop_mysql()
{
??? printf "Stoping MySQL...\n"
??? /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin -u ${mysql_username} -p${mysql_password} -S /tmp/mysql.sock shutdown
}
function_restart_mysql()
{
??? printf "Restarting MySQL...\n"
??? function_stop_mysql
??? sleep 5
??? function_start_mysql
}
function_kill_mysql()
{
??? kill -9 $(ps -ef | grep 'bin/mysqld_safe' | grep ${mysql_port} | awk '{printf $2}')
??? kill -9 $(ps -ef | grep 'libexec/mysqld' | grep ${mysql_port} | awk '{printf $2}')
}
if [ "$1" = "start" ]; then
??? function_start_mysql
elif [ "$1" = "stop" ]; then
??? function_stop_mysql
elif [ "$1" = "restart" ]; then
function_restart_mysql
elif [ "$1" = "kill" ]; then
function_kill_mysql
else
??? printf "Usage: /data/mysql/mysql {start|stop|restart|kill}\n"
fi
⑤、賦予shell腳本可執行權限：
chmod +x /data/mysql/mysql
⑥、啟動MySQL：
/data/mysql/mysql start
⑦、通過命令行登錄管理MySQL服務器（提示輸入密碼時直接回車）：
/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql -u root -p -S /tmp/mysql.sock
若出現問題：
ps -aux | grep mysql
mysql???? 1382 0.0 0.2 5544 1376 pts/0??? S??? 17:34?? 0:00 bash
mysql???? 1475 0.0 0.2 5552 1388 pts/0??? S??? 17:38?? 0:00 bash
# chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/mysql/
⑧、輸入以下SQL語句，創建一個具有root權限的用戶（admin）和密碼（12345678）：
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'xxx_dba';
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'root'@'127.0.0.1' IDENTIFIED BY 'xxx_dba';
⑨、（可選）停止MySQL：
/data/mysql/mysql stop
3、編譯安裝PHP（FastCGI模式）
tar zxvf php-5.2.10.tar.gz
gzip -cd php-5.2.10-fpm-0.5.11.diff.gz | patch -d php-5.2.10 -p1
cd php-5.2.10/
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/php --with-config-file-path=/usr/local/php/etc --with-mysql=/usr/local/mysql --with-mysqli=/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_config --with-iconv-dir=/usr/local --with-freetype-dir --with-jpeg-dir --with-png-dir --with-zlib --with-libxml-dir=/usr --enable-xml --disable-rpath --enable-discard-path --enable-safe-mode --enable-bcmath --enable-shmop --enable-sysvsem --enable-inline-optimization --with-curl --with-curlwrappers --enable-mbregex --enable-fastcgi --enable-fpm --enable-force-cgi-redirect --enable-mbstring --with-mcrypt --with-gd --enable-gd-native-ttf --with-openssl --with-mhash --enable-pcntl --enable-sockets --with-ldap --with-ldap-sasl --with-xmlrpc --enable-zip --enable-soap --without-pear
make ZEND_EXTRA_LIBS='-liconv'
make install
cp php.ini-dist /usr/local/php/etc/php.ini
cd ../
curl http://pear.php.net/go-pear | /usr/local/php/bin/php
4、編譯安裝PHP5擴展模塊
tar zxvf memcache-2.2.5.tgz
cd memcache-2.2.5/
/usr/local/php/bin/phpize
./configure --with-php-config=/usr/local/php/bin/php-config
make
make install
cd ../
tar jxvf eaccelerator-0.9.5.3.tar.bz2
cd eaccelerator-0.9.5.3/
/usr/local/php/bin/phpize
./configure --enable-eaccelerator=shared --with-php-config=/usr/local/php/bin/php-config
make
make install
cd ../
tar zxvf PDO_MYSQL-1.0.2.tgz
cd PDO_MYSQL-1.0.2/
/usr/local/php/bin/phpize
./configure --with-php-config=/usr/local/php/bin/php-config --with-pdo-mysql=/usr/local/mysql
make
make install
cd ../
tar zxvf ImageMagick.tar.gz
cd ImageMagick-6.5.1-2/
./configure
make
make install
cd ../
tar zxvf imagick-2.2.2.tgz
cd imagick-2.2.2/
/usr/local/php/bin/phpize
./configure --with-php-config=/usr/local/php/bin/php-config
make
make install
cd ../
5、修改php.ini文件
手工修改：查找/usr/local/php/etc/php.ini中的extension_dir = "./"
修改為extension_dir = "/usr/local/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20060613/"
并在此行后增加以下幾行，然后保存：
extension = "memcache.so"
extension = "pdo_mysql.so"
extension = "imagick.so"
再查找output_buffering = Off
修改為output_buffering = On
自動修改：若嫌手工修改麻煩，可執行以下shell命令，自動完成對php.ini文件的修改：
sed -i 's#extension_dir = "./"#extension_dir = "/usr/local/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20060613/"\nextension = "memcache.so"\nextension = "pdo_mysql.so"\nextension = "imagick.so"\n#' /usr/local/php/etc/php.ini
sed -i 's#output_buffering = Off#output_buffering = On#' /usr/local/php/etc/php.ini
sed -i "s#; always_populate_raw_post_data = On#always_populate_raw_post_data = On#g" /usr/local/php/etc/php.ini
6、配置eAccelerator加速PHP：
mkdir -p /usr/local/eaccelerator_cache
vi /usr/local/php/etc/php.ini
按shift+g鍵跳到配置文件的最末尾，加上以下配置信息：
[eaccelerator]
zend_extension="/usr/local/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20060613/eaccelerator.so"
eaccelerator.shm_size="64"
eaccelerator.cache_dir="/usr/local/eaccelerator_cache"
eaccelerator.enable="1"
eaccelerator.optimizer="1"
eaccelerator.check_mtime="1"
eaccelerator.debug="0"
eaccelerator.filter=""
eaccelerator.shm_max="0"
eaccelerator.shm_ttl="3600"
eaccelerator.shm_prune_period="3600"
eaccelerator.shm_only="0"
eaccelerator.compress="1"
eaccelerator.compress_level="9"
7、創建www用戶和組，以及虛擬主機使用的目錄：
/usr/sbin/groupadd www
/usr/sbin/useradd -g www www
mkdir -p /data/htdocs/group
chmod +w /data/htdocs/group
chown -R www:www /data/htdocs/group
8、創建php-fpm配置文件（php-fpm是為PHP打的一個FastCGI管理補丁，可以平滑變更php.ini配置而無需重啟php-cgi）：
在/usr/local/php/etc/目錄中創建php-fpm.conf文件：
rm -f /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf
vi /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf
輸 入以下內容（如果您安裝 Nginx + PHP 用于程序調試，請將以下的<value name="display_errors">0</value>改為<value name="display_errors">1</value>，以便顯示PHP錯誤信息，否則，Nginx 會報狀態為500的空白錯誤頁）：
<?xml version="1.0" ?>
<configuration>
? All relative paths in this config are relative to php's install prefix
? <section name="global_options">
??? Pid file
??? <value name="pid_file">/usr/local/php/logs/php-fpm.pid</value>
??? Error log file
??? <value name="error_log">/usr/local/php/logs/php-fpm.log</value>
??? Log level
??? <value name="log_level">notice</value>
??? When this amount of php processes exited with SIGSEGV or SIGBUS ...
??? <value name="emergency_restart_threshold">10</value>
??? ... in a less than this interval of time, a graceful restart will be initiated.
??? Useful to work around accidental curruptions in accelerator's shared memory.
??? <value name="emergency_restart_interval">1m</value>
??? Time limit on waiting child's reaction on signals from master
??? <value name="process_control_timeout">5s</value>
??? Set to 'no' to debug fpm
??? <value name="daemonize">yes</value>
? </section>
? <workers>
??? <section name="pool">
????? Name of pool. Used in logs and stats.
????? <value name="name">default</value>
????? Address to accept fastcgi requests on.
????? Valid syntax is 'ip.ad.re.ss:port' or just 'port' or '/path/to/unix/socket'
????? <value name="listen_address">127.0.0.1:9000</value>
????? <value name="listen_options">
??????? Set listen(2) backlog
??????? <value name="backlog">-1</value>
??????? Set permissions for unix socket, if one used.
??????? In Linux read/write permissions must be set in order to allow connections from web server.
??????? Many BSD-derrived systems allow connections regardless of permissions.
??????? <value name="owner"></value>
??????? <value name="group"></value>
??????? <value name="mode">0666</value>
????? </value>
????? Additional php.ini defines, specific to this pool of workers.
????? <value name="php_defines">
??????? <value name="sendmail_path">/usr/sbin/sendmail -t -i</value>
??????? <value name="display_errors">1</value>
????? </value>
????? Unix user of processes
??????? <value name="user">www</value>
????? Unix group of processes
??????? <value name="group">www</value>
????? Process manager settings
????? <value name="pm">
??????? Sets style of controling worker process count.
??????? Valid values are 'static' and 'apache-like'
??????? <value name="style">static</value>
??????? Sets the limit on the number of simultaneous requests that will be served.
??????? Equivalent to Apache MaxClients directive.
??????? Equivalent to PHP_FCGI_CHILDREN environment in original php.fcgi
??????? Used with any pm_style.
??????? <value name="max_children">128</value>
??????? Settings group for 'apache-like' pm style
??????? <value name="apache_like">
????????? Sets the number of server processes created on startup.
????????? Used only when 'apache-like' pm_style is selected
????????? <value name="StartServers">20</value>
????????? Sets the desired minimum number of idle server processes.
????????? Used only when 'apache-like' pm_style is selected
????????? <value name="MinSpareServers">5</value>
????????? Sets the desired maximum number of idle server processes.
????????? Used only when 'apache-like' pm_style is selected
????????? <value name="MaxSpareServers">35</value>
??????? </value>
????? </value>
????? The timeout (in seconds) for serving a single request after which the worker process will be terminated
????? Should be used when 'max_execution_time' ini option does not stop script execution for some reason
????? '0s' means 'off'
????? <value name="request_terminate_timeout">0s</value>
????? The timeout (in seconds) for serving of single request after which a php backtrace will be dumped to slow.log file
????? '0s' means 'off'
????? <value name="request_slowlog_timeout">0s</value>
????? The log file for slow requests
????? <value name="slowlog">logs/slow.log</value>
????? Set open file desc rlimit
????? <value name="rlimit_files">65535</value>
????? Set max core size rlimit
????? <value name="rlimit_core">0</value>
????? Chroot to this directory at the start, absolute path
????? <value name="chroot"></value>
????? Chdir to this directory at the start, absolute path
????? <value name="chdir"></value>
????? Redirect workers' stdout and stderr into main error log.
????? If not set, they will be redirected to /dev/null, according to FastCGI specs
????? <value name="catch_workers_output">yes</value>
????? How much requests each process should execute before respawn.
????? Useful to work around memory leaks in 3rd party libraries.
????? For endless request processing please specify 0
????? Equivalent to PHP_FCGI_MAX_REQUESTS
????? <value name="max_requests">102400</value>
????? Comma separated list of ipv4 addresses of FastCGI clients that allowed to connect.
????? Equivalent to FCGI_WEB_SERVER_ADDRS environment in original php.fcgi (5.2.2+)
????? Makes sense only with AF_INET listening socket.
????? <value name="allowed_clients">127.0.0.1</value>
????? Pass environment variables like LD_LIBRARY_PATH
????? All $VARIABLEs are taken from current environment
????? <value name="environment">
??????? <value name="HOSTNAME">$HOSTNAME</value>
??????? <value name="PATH">/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin</value>
??????? <value name="TMP">/tmp</value>
??????? <value name="TMPDIR">/tmp</value>
??????? <value name="TEMP">/tmp</value>
??????? <value name="OSTYPE">$OSTYPE</value>
??????? <value name="MACHTYPE">$MACHTYPE</value>
??????? <value name="MALLOC_CHECK_">2</value>
????? </value>
??? </section>
? </workers>
</configuration>
9、啟動php-cgi進程，監聽127.0.0.1的9000端口，進程數為200（如果服務器內存小于3GB，可以只開啟64個進程），用戶為www：
ulimit -SHn 65535
/usr/local/php/sbin/php-fpm start
注：/usr/local/php/sbin/php-fpm還有其他參數，包括：start|stop|quit|restart|reload|logrotate，修改php.ini后不重啟php-cgi，重新加載配置文件使用reload。
注 意：此處啟動時遇到了麻煩， 啟動警告：libgomp.so.1: shared object cannot be dlopen()ed in Unknown on line 0，經過百度，有人說是gcc版本太低，我可能了下我的GCC版本是4.1.1 20070105。
升級GCC
三、安裝Nginx 0.8.15
1、安裝Nginx所需的pcre庫：
tar zxvf pcre-7.9.tar.gz
cd pcre-7.9/
./configure
make && make install
cd ../
2、安裝Nginx
tar zxvf nginx-0.8.15.tar.gz
cd nginx-0.8.15/
加入SSL模塊、FLV模塊、清楚制定URL緩存
./configure --user=www --group=www --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_ssl_module --with-http_flv_module --add-module=../ngx_cache_purge-1.0
make && make install
cd ../
3、創建Nginx日志目錄
mkdir -p /data/logs
chmod +w /data/logs
chown -R www:www /data/logs
4、創建Nginx配置文件
①、在/usr/local/nginx/conf/目錄中創建nginx.conf文件：
cp /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.default.conf
rm -f /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
vi /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
輸入以下內容：
user? www www;
worker_processes 8;
error_log? /data/logs/nginx_error.log? crit;
pid??????? /usr/local/nginx/nginx.pid;
#Specifies the value for maximum file descriptors that can be opened by this process.
worker_rlimit_nofile 65535;
events
{
? use epoll;
? worker_connections 65535;
}
http
{
? include?????? mime.types;
? default_type? application/octet-stream;
? #charset? gb2312;
???? ?
? server_names_hash_bucket_size 128;
? client_header_buffer_size 32k;
? large_client_header_buffers 4 32k;
? client_max_body_size 8m;
???? ?
? sendfile on;
? tcp_nopush???? on;
? keepalive_timeout 60;
? tcp_nodelay on;
? fastcgi_connect_timeout 300;
? fastcgi_send_timeout 300;
? fastcgi_read_timeout 300;
? fastcgi_buffer_size 64k;
? fastcgi_buffers 4 64k;
? fastcgi_busy_buffers_size 128k;
? fastcgi_temp_file_write_size 128k;
? gzip on;
? gzip_min_length? 1k;
? gzip_buffers???? 4 16k;
? gzip_http_version 1.0;
? gzip_comp_level 2;
? gzip_types?????? text/plain application/x-javascript text/css application/xml;
? gzip_vary on;
? #limit_zone? crawler? $binary_remote_addr? 10m;
? server
? {
??? listen?????? 80;
??? server_name? 192.168.10.227;
??? index index.html index.htm index.php;
??? root? /data/htdocs/group;
??? #limit_conn?? crawler? 20;?? ?
?????????????????????????? ?
??? location ~ .*\.(php|php5)?$
??? {???? ?
????? #fastcgi_pass? unix:/tmp/php-cgi.sock;
????? fastcgi_pass? 127.0.0.1:9000;
????? fastcgi_index index.php;
????? include fcgi.conf;
??? }
?? ?
??? location ~ .*\.(gif|jpg|jpeg|png|bmp|swf)$
??? {
????? expires????? 30d;
??? }
??? location ~ .*\.(js|css)?$
??? {
????? expires????? 1h;
??? }?? ?
??? log_format? access? '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
????????????? '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
????????????? '"$http_user_agent" $http_x_forwarded_for';
??? access_log? /data/logs/access.log? access;
? }
? server
? {
??? listen? 80;
??? server_name? status.xxx.cn;
??? location / {
??? stub_status on;
??? access_log?? off;
??? }
? }
}
②、在/usr/local/nginx/conf/目錄中創建fcgi.conf文件：
vi /usr/local/nginx/conf/fcgi.conf
輸入以下內容：
fastcgi_param? GATEWAY_INTERFACE? CGI/1.1;
fastcgi_param? SERVER_SOFTWARE??? nginx;
fastcgi_param? QUERY_STRING?????? $query_string;
fastcgi_param? REQUEST_METHOD???? $request_method;
fastcgi_param? CONTENT_TYPE?????? $content_type;
fastcgi_param? CONTENT_LENGTH???? $content_length;
fastcgi_param? SCRIPT_FILENAME??? $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
fastcgi_param? SCRIPT_NAME??????? $fastcgi_script_name;
fastcgi_param? REQUEST_URI??????? $request_uri;
fastcgi_param? DOCUMENT_URI?????? $document_uri;
fastcgi_param? DOCUMENT_ROOT????? $document_root;
fastcgi_param? SERVER_PROTOCOL??? $server_protocol;
fastcgi_param? REMOTE_ADDR??????? $remote_addr;
fastcgi_param? REMOTE_PORT??????? $remote_port;
fastcgi_param? SERVER_ADDR??????? $server_addr;
fastcgi_param? SERVER_PORT??????? $server_port;
fastcgi_param? SERVER_NAME??????? $server_name;
# PHP only, required if PHP was built with --enable-force-cgi-redirect
fastcgi_param? REDIRECT_STATUS??? 200;
5、啟動Nginx
ulimit -SHn 65535
/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx
四、配置開機自動啟動Nginx + PHP
vi /etc/rc.local
在末尾增加以下內容：
ulimit -SHn 65535
/usr/local/php/sbin/php-fpm start
/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx
五、優化Linux內核參數
vi /etc/sysctl.conf
在末尾增加以下內容：
# Add
net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog = 65536
net.core.netdev_max_backlog =? 32768
net.core.somaxconn = 32768
net.core.wmem_default = 8388608
net.core.rmem_default = 8388608
net.core.rmem_max = 16777216
net.core.wmem_max = 16777216
net.ipv4.tcp_timestamps = 0
net.ipv4.tcp_synack_retries = 2
net.ipv4.tcp_syn_retries = 2
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle = 1
#net.ipv4.tcp_tw_len = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_mem = 94500000 915000000 927000000
net.ipv4.tcp_max_orphans = 3276800
#net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 30
#net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 120
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 1024? 65535
使配置立即生效：
/sbin/sysctl -p
六、在不停止Nginx服務的情況下平滑變更Nginx配置
1、修改/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf配置文件后，請執行以下命令檢查配置文件是否正確：
/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t
如果屏幕顯示以下兩行信息，說明配置文件正確：
the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf was tested successfully
2、這時，輸入以下命令查看Nginx主進程號：
ps -ef | grep "nginx: master process" | grep -v "grep" | awk -F ' ' '{print $2}'
屏幕顯示的即為Nginx主進程號，例如：
6302
這時，執行以下命令即可使修改過的Nginx配置文件生效：
kill -HUP 6302
或者無需這么麻煩，找到Nginx的Pid文件：
kill -HUP `cat /usr/local/nginx/nginx.pid`
0.8以后的產品
/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload
七、編寫每天定時切割Nginx日志的腳本
1、創建腳本/usr/local/nginx/sbin/cut_nginx_log.sh
vi /usr/local/nginx/sbin/cut_nginx_log.sh
輸入以下內容：
#!/bin/bash
# This script run at 00:00
# The Nginx logs path
logs_path="/usr/local/nginx/logs/"
mkdir -p ${logs_path}$(date -d "yesterday" +"%Y")/$(date -d "yesterday" +"%m")/
mv ${logs_path}access.log ${logs_path}$(date -d "yesterday" +"%Y")/$(date -d "yesterday" +"%m")/access_$(date -d "yesterday" +"%Y%m%d").log
kill -USR1 `cat /usr/local/nginx/nginx.pid`
2、設置crontab，每天凌晨00:00切割nginx訪問日志
crontab -e
輸入以下內容：
00 00 * * * /bin/bash? /usr/local/nginx/sbin/cut_nginx_log.sh
八、安裝JDK+TOMCAT
1、安裝JDK
#chmod +X jdk-6u18-ea-bin-b05-linux-i586-18_nov_2009.bin
# ./jdk-6u18-ea-bin-b05-linux-i586-18_nov_2009.bin
# mv jdk1.6.0.18 /usr/local/jdk
2、配置環境變量
# vi /etc/profile
按shift+g，將下面這段文字加到結尾
export JAVA_HOME=/usr/local/jdk
export CLASSPATH=.:$JAVA_HOME/lib:$JAVA_HOME/jre/lib:$CLASSPATH
export PATH=$PATH:$JAVA_HOME/jre/bin
export CATALINA_HOME=/usr/local/tomcat
wq退出
3、讓配置立即啟用
source /etc/profile
九、安裝TOMCAT
# tar zxvf apache-tomcat-6.0.26.tar.gz
# mv apache-tomcat-6.0.26 /usr/local/tomcat
十：配置nginx.conf：
vi /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
user? www www;
worker_processes 8;
error_log? /data/logs/nginx_error.log? crit;
pid??????? /usr/local/nginx/nginx.pid;
#Specifies the value for maximum file descriptors that can be opened by this process.
worker_rlimit_nofile 65535;
events
{
? use epoll;
? worker_connections 65535;
}
http
{
? include?????? mime.types;
? default_type? application/octet-stream;
? charset? utf-8;
? server_names_hash_bucket_size 128;
? client_header_buffer_size 32k;
? large_client_header_buffers 4 32k;
? client_max_body_size 300m;
? sendfile on;
? tcp_nopush???? on;
? keepalive_timeout 60;
? tcp_nodelay on;
? client_body_buffer_size 512k;
? proxy_connect_timeout 5;
? proxy_read_timeout 60;
? proxy_send_timeout 5;
? proxy_buffer_size? 16k;
? proxy_buffers?? 4 64k;
? proxy_busy_buffers_size 128k;
? proxy_temp_file_write_size 128k;
? fastcgi_connect_timeout 300;
? fastcgi_send_timeout 300;
? fastcgi_read_timeout 300;
? fastcgi_buffer_size 64k;
? fastcgi_buffers 4 64k;
? fastcgi_busy_buffers_size 128k;
? fastcgi_temp_file_write_size 128k;
? gzip on;
? gzip_min_length? 1k;
? gzip_buffers???? 4 16k;
? gzip_http_version 1.0;
? gzip_comp_level 2;
? gzip_types?????? text/plain application/x-javascript text/css application/xml;
? gzip_vary on;
?
? ssi on;
? ssi_silent_errors on;
? ssi_types text/shtml;
? #limit_zone? crawler? $binary_remote_addr? 10m;
? server
? {
??? listen 80;
??? server_name flv.xxx.com;
??? index index.shtml index.html index.htm;
??? limit_rate_after 3m;
??? limit_rate 512k;
??? location ~ \.flv
??? {
????? flv;
??? }
??? access_log off;
? }
? upstream tomcat_server {
??? server 127.0.0.1:8080;
? }
? server
? {
??? listen?????? 80;
??? server_name? www.xxx.com;
??? index index.html index.htm index.xhtml;
??? root? /usr/local/tomcat/webapps/root;
??? if (-d $request_filename){
??? rewrite ^/(.*)([^/])$ http://$host/$1$2/ permanent;
??? }
??? location ~ \.(html|jsp|xhtm|htm)?$
??? {
????? proxy_set_header Host $host;
????? proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $remote_addr;
????? proxy_pass http://tomcat_server;
??? }
??? location ~ .*\.(gif|jpg|jpeg|png|bmp|swf)$
??? {
????? expires????? 30d;
??? }
??? location ~ .*\.(js|css)?$
??? {
????? expires????? 1h;
??? }
??? access_log? off;
? }
? server
? {
??? listen?????? 80;
??? server_name? group.xxx.com;
??? index index.html index.htm index.php;
??? root? /data/htdocs/group;
??? #limit_conn?? crawler? 20;
??? location ~ .*\.(php|php5)?$
??? {
????? #fastcgi_pass? unix:/tmp/php-cgi.sock;
????? fastcgi_pass? 127.0.0.1:9000;
????? fastcgi_index index.php;
????? include fcgi.conf;
??? }
??? location ~ .*\.(gif|jpg|jpeg|png|bmp|swf)$
??? {
????? expires????? 30d;
??? }
??? location ~ .*\.(js|css)?$
??? {
????? expires????? 1h;
??? }
??? log_format? access? '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
????????????? '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
????????????? '"$http_user_agent" $http_x_forwarded_for';
??? access_log? /data/logs/access.log? access;
? }
? server
? {
??? listen? 80;
??? server_name? status.xxx.com;
??? location / {
??? stub_status on;
??? access_log?? off;
??? }
? }
}
十一、安裝memcached
首先安裝 memcache 的時候缺少 libevent。還是先安裝好 libevent， 下載libevent：http://www.monkey.org/~provos/libevent-1.4.9-stable.tar.gz。
[root@master chenlb]# wget http://www.danga.com/memcached/dist/memcached-1.2.6.tar.gz
[root@master chenlb]# tar zxvf memcached-1.2.6.tar.gz
[root@master chenlb]# cd memcached-1.2.6
[root@master memcached-1.2.6]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/memcache --with-libevent=/usr/local
[root@master memcached-1.2.6]# make
[root@master memcached-1.2.6]# make install
接著運行：
?? 1. [root@master memcached-1.2.6]# /usr/local/memcached/bin/memcached -d -m 10 -p 11211 -u root ?
?? 2. /usr/local/memcached/bin/memcached: error while loading shared libraries: libevent-1.4.so.2: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory ?
[root@master memcached-1.2.6]# /usr/local/memcached/bin/memcached -d -m 10 -p 11211 -u root
/usr/local/memcached/bin/memcached: error while loading shared libraries: libevent-1.4.so.2: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory
報錯說：libevent-1.4.so.2 不在公共文件里。郁悶，然后打到 芽雨快跑 的 blog。解決方法是鏈接一下。
?? 1. [root@master memcached-1.2.6]# ln -s /usr/local/lib/libevent-1.4.so.2 /usr/lib/libevent-1.4.so.2 ?
?? 2. [root@master memcached-1.2.6]# /usr/local/memcached/bin/memcached -d -m 10 -p 11211 -u root ?
十二、創建數據庫用戶并賦權：
GRANT SELECT , INSERT , UPDATE , DELETE , CREATE , DROP , INDEX , ALTER , CREATE TEMPORARY TABLES , CREATE VIEW , SHOW VIEW , CREATE FUNCTION,CREATE PROCDURE, CREATE ROUTINE, ALTER ROUTINE, EXECUTE ON dotayo_db.* TO 'dotayo_db'@'192.168.1.%' IDENTIFIED BY 'dotayo_db';
十三、從開發機復制數據庫實例到測試機，若有函數或存儲過程，需設置：
mysql> SET GLOBAL log_bin_trust_function_creators = 1;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
已管理員賬號登陸SQLyog，連接開發數據庫與測試數據庫，copy完成，數據庫搭建完成。
十四：啟動tomcat，OutOfMemoryError: PermGen space
解決辦法：
以下給出2G內存環境下java jvm 的參數設置參考：
vi /usr/local/tomcat/bin/catalina.sh
在“echo "Using CATALINA_BASE:?? $CATALINA_BASE"”上面加入以下行：
JAVA_OPTS="-server -Xms800m -Xmx800m? -XX:PermSize=128M -XX:MaxNewSize=512m -XX:MaxPermSize=256m -Djava.awt.headless=true "
重啟tomcat
十五、配置iptables:
#vi /etc/sysconfig/iptables
文件內容
# Firewall configuration written by system-config-securitylevel
# Manual customization of this file is not recommended.
*filter
:INPUT ACCEPT [0:0]
:FORWARD ACCEPT [0:0]
:OUTPUT ACCEPT [0:0]
:RH-Firewall-1-INPUT - [0:0]
-A INPUT -j RH-Firewall-1-INPUT
-A FORWARD -j RH-Firewall-1-INPUT
-A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -i lo -j ACCEPT
-A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -p icmp --icmp-type any -j ACCEPT
-A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -p 50 -j ACCEPT
-A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -p 51 -j ACCEPT
-A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -p udp --dport 5353 -d 224.0.0.251 -j ACCEPT
-A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -p udp -m udp --dport 631 -j ACCEPT
-A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -p udp -s 0/0 -d 0/0 --dport 177 -j ACCEPT
#modify by mingfu 060404
#Please do not modify the content below
#ACK FIN SYN
-A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -i eth0 -p tcp --tcp-flags SYN,FIN SYN,FIN -j DROP
#port scan
# NMAP FIN/URG/PSH
-A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -i eth0 -p tcp --tcp-flags ALL FIN,URG,PSH -j DROP
# Xmas Tree
-A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -i eth0 -p tcp --tcp-flags ALL ALL -j DROP
# Another Xmas Tree
-A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -i eth0 -p tcp --tcp-flags ALL SYN,RST,ACK,FIN,URG -j DROP
# Null Scan(possibly)
-A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -i eth0 -p tcp --tcp-flags ALL NONE -j DROP
# SYN/RST
-A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -i eth0 -p tcp --tcp-flags SYN,RST SYN,RST -j DROP
# SYN/FIN -- Scan(possibly)
-A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -i eth0 -p tcp --tcp-flags SYN,FIN SYN,FIN -j DROP
#!--syn
-A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -p tcp ! --syn -m state --state NEW -j DROP
#Dos
-A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -p tcp --dport 80 -m limit --limit 10/second --limit-burst 300 -j ACCEPT
#sync flood
-N synfoold
-A synfoold -p tcp --syn -m limit --limit 1/s -j RETURN
-A synfoold -p tcp -j REJECT --reject-with tcp-reset
-A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -p tcp -m state --state NEW -j synfoold
-N ping
-A ping -p icmp --icmp-type echo-request -m limit --limit 1/second -j RETURN
-A ping -p icmp -j REJECT
-I RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -p icmp --icmp-type echo-request -m state --state NEW -j ping
#-A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -p icmp --icmp-type 8 -s 0/0 -j DROP
#-A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -p icmp --icmp-type 0 -s 0/0 -j ACCEPT
#-A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -p icmp --icmp-type 0 -s localip -j DROP
#-A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -p icmp --icmp-type 8 -s localip -j DROP
#all ports
-A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -i eth0 -m state --state ESTABLISHED,RELATED -j ACCEPT
#FTP
-A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -i eth0 -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 20 -j ACCEPT
-A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -i eth0 -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 21 -j ACCEPT
-A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -i eth0 -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 32800:34000 -j ACCEPT
#MAIL
-A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -i eth0 -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 25 -j ACCEPT
-A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -i eth0 -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 113 -j ACCEPT
#SSH
-A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -i eth0 -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 22 -j ACCEPT
-A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -i eth0 -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 922 -j ACCEPT
#WEB
-A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -i eth0 -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 80 -j ACCEPT
-A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -i eth0 -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 82 -j ACCEPT
-A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -i eth0 -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 8088 -j ACCEPT
-A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -i eth0 -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 8080 -j ACCEPT
-A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -i eth0 -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 443 -j ACCEPT
-A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -i eth0 -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 4443 -j ACCEPT
-A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -i eth0 -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 7777 -j ACCEPT
#DNS
-A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -i eth0 -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 53 -j ACCEPT
-A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -i eth0 -m state --state NEW -m udp -p udp --dport 53 -j ACCEPT
#DATABASE
-A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -i eth0 -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 3306 -j ACCEPT
-A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -i eth0 -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 1521 -j ACCEPT
-A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -i eth0 -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 8009 -j ACCEPT
#VNC
-A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -i eth0 -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 5801: -j ACCEPT
#ICMP
-A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -i eth0 -j REJECT --reject-with icmp-host-prohibited
-A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -i eth0 -m state --state RELATED,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT
-A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -i eth0 -m state --state NEW,INVALID -j DROP
COMMIT
至此，服務器配置全部完成，以上配置參考了一些牛人的文檔！
注意事項：
壓縮解壓縮文件
用戶用mydir目錄中最近被修改或添加的文件來對myarch.tar文件進行更新。
#tar uf myarch.tar mydir
#tar zxvf myarch.tar
如果你安裝了某些庫，比如在安裝gtk -2.4.13時它會需要glib-2.0 >= 2.4.0,辛苦的安裝好glib后
沒有指定 --prefix=/usr 這樣glib庫就裝到了/usr/local下，而又沒有在/etc/ld.so.conf中添加/usr/local/lib
這個搜索路徑，所以編譯gtk -2.4.13就會出錯了
?
轉載于:https://www.cnblogs.com/vicowong/archive/2011/01/26/1945530.html
總結
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