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python操作word文档（python-docx）

發布時間：2023/11/27 生活经验 24 豆豆

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python操作word文檔（python-docx）

- 1. 效果圖
- - 1.1 python-docx文檔標題段落（等級、加粗、斜體、居中）效果圖
  - 1.2 python-docx字體（加粗、斜體、居中、大小顏色、高亮顏色）效果圖
  - 1.3 python-docx 表格效果圖
  - 1.4 itextpdf7表格效果圖
- 2. 安裝
- 3. 源代碼
- - 3.1 python-docx文檔標題段落源碼
  - 3.2 python-docx字體（加粗、斜體、居中、大小顏色、高亮顏色）源碼
  - 3.3 python-docx表格源碼
  - 3.4 itextpdf 表格源碼
- 參考

寫這篇博客源于博友的提問，將介紹如何使用python-docx操作word文檔。python-docx不支持表格內文本水平居中，可以考慮使用itextpdf，生成pdf的表格然后在轉回word。
itexpdf7支持的樣式都比較靈活和多樣。

1. 效果圖

1.1 python-docx文檔標題段落（等級、加粗、斜體、居中）效果圖

標題、段落可加粗，斜體，居中：
段落各種python-docx提供的默認style如下圖：

設置段前段后間距：

1.2 python-docx字體（加粗、斜體、居中、大小顏色、高亮顏色）效果圖

字體加粗、斜體、顏色、高亮顏色（增加背景顏色）：

1.3 python-docx 表格效果圖

先使用5 * 5表格，然后在行中分別對某些cell在添加一個小的1*2的table實現

直接用5*9表格，標頭部分列cell進行合并，效果圖如下：

python-docx不夠靈活，沒法居中等；但自帶了比較多的樣式：
Light Shading如下：

Light List樣式如下：
Light Grid如下：
Medium Shading如下：

Medium List如下：

Dark List效果圖如下：

Colorful Shading效果圖如下：

1.4 itextpdf7表格效果圖

2. 安裝

前提依賴：

Python 2.6, 2.7, 3.3, or 3.4
lxml >= 2.3.2

pip安裝python-docx：

pip install python-docx

3. 源代碼

3.1 python-docx文檔標題段落源碼

# python操作doxc demo類from docx import Document
from docx.enum.text import WD_PARAGRAPH_ALIGNMENT
from docx.text.parfmt import ParagraphFormat
from docx.shared import Ptdocument = Document()for i in range(10):document.add_heading('Heading, level ' + str(i), level=i)p = document.add_paragraph('A plain paragraph having some ')
# 加粗
p.add_run('bold').bold = True
p.add_run(' and some ')
# 斜體
p.add_run('italic.').italic = True
print(p.style.font.size)
# 居中
p.alignment = WD_PARAGRAPH_ALIGNMENT.CENTERdocument.add_paragraph('Intense quote', style='Intense Quote')document.add_paragraph('first item in unordered list', style='List Bullet'
)
document.add_paragraph('first item in ordered list', style='List Number'
)# 獲取文檔自帶的所有styles
styles = document.styles
for i, j in enumerate(styles):if (not '_ParagraphStyle' in str(j)):  # 獲取所有段落的樣式，選擇合適的作為自己需要的stylecontinueprint(i, str(j))p1 = document.add_paragraph(str(i) + '  ' + str(j) + ' 居中字體', style=j)# 居中p1.alignment = WD_PARAGRAPH_ALIGNMENT.CENTERp3 = document.add_paragraph(str(i) + '  ' + str(j) + ' -----', style=j)# 居中p3.alignment = WD_PARAGRAPH_ALIGNMENT.CENTER# paragraph_format = document.styles['Normal'].paragraph_formatprint('before: ',p3.paragraph_format.space_before,p3.paragraph_format.space_after)# 設置段前段后的間距p3.paragraph_format.space_before = Pt(12)p3.paragraph_format.space_after = Pt(12)print('after: ',p3.paragraph_format.space_before,p3.paragraph_format.space_before)p2 = document.add_paragraph(str(i) + '  ' + str(j) + " 不居中~", style=j)document.save('images/docx_header_paragraph_.docx')

3.2 python-docx字體（加粗、斜體、居中、大小顏色、高亮顏色）源碼

from docx import Document
from docx.shared import Inches
from docx.shared import RGBColor
from docx.enum.text import WD_COLOR_INDEX, WD_UNDERLINEdocument = Document()document.add_heading('Document Title', 0)p = document.add_paragraph('A plain paragraph having some ')
# 設置加粗
p.add_run(' bold ').bold = True
p.add_run(' and some ')# 設置字體
p.add_run(' font name ').font.name = 'Arial'# 設置字體顏色
p.add_run(' color\n ').font.color.rgb = RGBColor(0xff, 0x99, 0xcc)
p.add_run(' test colors\n ').font.color.rgb = RGBColor(255, 0, 0)
p.add_run(' test colors1\n ').font.color.rgb = RGBColor(0, 255, 0)
p.add_run(' test colors2\n ').font.color.rgb = RGBColor(0, 0, 255)
p.add_run(' test colors3\n ').font.color.rgb = RGBColor(255, 255, 0)
p.add_run(' test colors4\n ').font.color.rgb = RGBColor(0, 255, 255)
p.add_run(' test colors5\n ').font.color.rgb = RGBColor(255, 0, 255)# 設置字體高亮(背景底色）
# 可設置這些值AUTO = 'default'
# BLACK = 'black'
# BLUE = 'blue'
# BRIGHTGREEN = 'green'
# DARKBLUE = 'darkBlue'
# DARKRED = 'darkRed'
# DARKYELLOW = 'darkYellow'
# GRAY25 = 'lightGray'
# GRAY50 = 'darkGray'
# GREEN = 'darkGreen'
# PINK = 'magenta'
# RED = 'red'
# TEAL = 'darkCyan'
# TURQUOISE = 'cyan'
# VOILET = 'darkMagenta'
# WHITE = 'white'
# YELLOW = 'yellow'
p.add_run(' \ntest highlight_color\n ').font.highlight_color = WD_COLOR_INDEX.YELLOW
p.add_run(' \ntest highlight_color\n ').font.highlight_color = WD_COLOR_INDEX.PINK# 設置斜體
p.add_run(' italic. ').italic = Truedocument.add_heading('Heading, level 1', level=1)
document.add_paragraph('Intense quote', style='Intense Quote')document.add_paragraph('first item in unordered list', style='List Bullet'
)
document.add_paragraph('first item in ordered list', style='List Number'
)document.save('images/demo.docx')

3.3 python-docx表格源碼

# python操作doxc demo類from docx import Document
from docx.enum.table import WD_TABLE_ALIGNMENT
from docx.enum.text import WD_PARAGRAPH_ALIGNMENTdocument = Document()document.add_heading('Document Title', 0)p = document.add_paragraph('A plain paragraph having some ')
p.add_run('bold').bold = True
p.add_run(' and some ')
p.add_run('italic.').italic = True
print(p.style.font.size)
p.alignment = WD_PARAGRAPH_ALIGNMENT.CENTERdocument.add_heading('Heading, level 1', level=1)
document.add_paragraph('Intense quote', style='Intense Quote')document.add_paragraph('first item in unordered list', style='List Bullet'
)
document.add_paragraph('first item in ordered list', style='List Number'
)record_score = (('學習目標-1', '', '', '21', '12.59', '', '', '21', '12.59'),('學習目標-2', '', '', '16', '10.88', '14', '11.25', '30', '22.13'),('學習目標-3', '17', '14.11', '', '', '32', '21.95', '49', '36.66')
)# 獲取文檔自帶的所有styles
styles = document.stylestable = document.add_table(rows=2, cols=5, style=styles['Table Grid'])
table.alignment = WD_TABLE_ALIGNMENT.CENTER
hdr_cells = table.rows[0].cells
hdr_cells[1].text = '2.1'
hdr_cells[2].text = '3.2'
hdr_cells[3].text = '7.4'
hdr_cells[4].text = '期末成績'
hdr_cells = table.rows[1].cells
for i in range(5):if (i == 0):continuet1 = hdr_cells[i].add_table(0, 2)t1_cells = t1.add_row().cellst1_cells[0].text = '分值't1_cells[1].text = '平均分'
for xxmb, l1, l2, l3, l4, l5, l6, l7, l8 in record_score:row_cells = table.add_row().cellsl = [l1, l2, l3, l4, l5, l6, l7, l8]for i in range(5):if (i == 0):row_cells[i].text = xxmbcontinuet2 = row_cells[i].add_table(0, 2)t2_cells = t2.add_row().cellst2_cells[0].text = l[(i - 1) * 2]t2_cells[1].text = l[(i - 1) * 2 + 1]p = document.add_paragraph('\n\n\n\n')
table = document.add_table(rows=2, cols=9, style=styles['Table Grid'])
print(table.style.font.size)
# table.style.font.size = int(304800//3.8)
table.style.font.size = 80000
print(table.style.font.size)
table.alignment = WD_TABLE_ALIGNMENT.CENTER
hdr_cells = table.rows[0].cells
header = ['', '2.1', '3.2', '7.4', '期末成績']
for i in range(5):if (i == 0):print(hdr_cells[i].width)continuetc = hdr_cells[i * 2 - 1].merge(hdr_cells[i * 2])tc.text = header[i]row_cells = table.rows[1].cells
for i in range(5):if (i == 0):continuerow_cells[i * 2 - 1].text = '分值'row_cells[i * 2].text = '平均分'for i, l in enumerate(record_score):row_cells = table.add_row().cellsfor j in range(9):row_cells[j].text = l[j]p = document.add_paragraph('\n\n\n\n')for ii, style in enumerate(styles):if (not '_TableStyle' in str(style)):continuep = document.add_paragraph('\n' + str(ii) + " " + str(style))table = document.add_table(rows=2, cols=9, style=style)table.alignment = WD_TABLE_ALIGNMENT.CENTERhdr_cells = table.rows[0].cellsheader = ['', '2.1', '3.2', '7.4', '期末成績']for i in range(5):if (i == 0):continuetc = hdr_cells[i * 2 - 1].merge(hdr_cells[i * 2])tc.text = header[i]row_cells = table.rows[1].cellsfor i in range(5):if (i == 0):continuerow_cells[i * 2 - 1].text = '分值'row_cells[i * 2].text = '平均分'for i, l in enumerate(record_score):row_cells = table.add_row().cellsfor j in range(9):row_cells[j].text = l[j]document.save('images/demo_merge_2.docx')

3.4 itextpdf 表格源碼

package com.itextpdf.samples.sandbox.tables;import com.itextpdf.kernel.pdf.PdfDocument;
import com.itextpdf.kernel.pdf.PdfWriter;
import com.itextpdf.layout.Canvas;
import com.itextpdf.layout.Document;
import com.itextpdf.layout.element.Cell;
import com.itextpdf.layout.element.Paragraph;
import com.itextpdf.layout.element.Table;
import com.itextpdf.layout.properties.*;
import com.itextpdf.layout.renderer.CellRenderer;
import com.itextpdf.layout.renderer.DrawContext;
import com.itextpdf.layout.renderer.IRenderer;import java.io.File;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;public class SimpleTable10_ {public static final String DEST = "./target/sandbox/tables/simple_table10_.pdf";public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {File file = new File(DEST);file.getParentFile().mkdirs();new SimpleTable10_().manipulatePdf(DEST);}protected void manipulatePdf(String dest) throws Exception {PdfDocument pdfDoc = new PdfDocument(new PdfWriter(dest));Document doc = new Document(pdfDoc);Table table = new Table(UnitValue.createPercentArray(9)).useAllAvailableWidth();table.setHorizontalAlignment(HorizontalAlignment.CENTER);table.setVerticalAlignment(VerticalAlignment.MIDDLE);// 首行
//        table.addCell("").addCell(new Cell(1, 2).add(new Paragraph("2.1").setHorizontalAlignment(HorizontalAlignment.CENTER))
//                .setVerticalAlignment(VerticalAlignment.MIDDLE).setHorizontalAlignment(HorizontalAlignment.CENTER));
//        table.addCell(new Cell(1, 2).add(new Paragraph("3.2")));
//        table.addCell(new Cell(1, 2).add(new Paragraph("7.4")));
//        table.addCell(new Cell(1, 2).add(new Paragraph("期末成績dd")));String[] header = new String[]{"", "2.1", "3.2", "7.4", "期末成績dd"};for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {if (i == 0) {table.addCell("");continue;}Cell cell0 = new Cell(1, 2);cell0.setHeight(20);cell0.setNextRenderer(new SimpleTable10_.PositionRenderer(cell0, 0.5f, 0.5f,header[i], TextAlignment.CENTER));table.addCell(cell0);}// 第2行
//        table.addCell("").addCell("分數grade").addCell("成績score")
//                .addCell("分數grade").addCell("成績score")
//                .addCell("分數grade").addCell("成績score")
//                .addCell("分數grade").addCell("成績score").setHorizontalAlignment(HorizontalAlignment.CENTER);for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {if (i == 0) {table.addCell("");continue;}Cell cell1 = new Cell();cell1.setHeight(20);cell1.setNextRenderer(new SimpleTable10_.PositionRenderer(cell1, 0.5f, 0.5f,"分數grade", TextAlignment.CENTER));table.addCell(cell1);Cell cell2 = new Cell();cell2.setHeight(20);cell2.setNextRenderer(new SimpleTable10_.PositionRenderer(cell2, 0.5f, 0.5f,"成績score", TextAlignment.CENTER));table.addCell(cell2);}Cell sn = new Cell(3, 1).add(new Paragraph("學習目標-1\n學習目標-2\n學習目標-3"));
//        sn.setBackgroundColor(ColorConstants.YELLOW);table.addCell(sn);List<String> stringList = new ArrayList<>();stringList.add("\"\", \"\", \"21\", \"12.59\", \"\", \"\", \"21\", \"12.59\"," +"\"\", \"\", \"16\", \"10.88\", \"14\", \"11.25\", \"20\", \"22.13\"," +"\"17\", \"14.11\", \"\", \"\", \"32\", \"21.95\", \"49\", \"36.66\"");String[] scores = stringList.get(0).split(",");for (int i = 0; i < 24; i++) {Cell cell7 = new Cell();cell7.setHeight(20);cell7.setNextRenderer(new SimpleTable10_.PositionRenderer(cell7, 0.5f, 0.5f,scores[i].replaceAll("\"", ""), TextAlignment.CENTER));table.addCell(cell7);
//            table.addCell(scores[i].replaceAll("\"", "")).setHorizontalAlignment(HorizontalAlignment.CENTER);}doc.add(table);doc.close();}private static class PositionRenderer extends CellRenderer {private String content;private TextAlignment alignment;private float wPct;private float hPct;public PositionRenderer(Cell modelElement, float wPct, float hPct,String content, TextAlignment alignment) {super(modelElement);this.content = content;this.alignment = alignment;this.wPct = wPct;this.hPct = hPct;}// If a renderer overflows on the next area, iText uses #getNextRenderer() method to create a new renderer for the overflow part.// If #getNextRenderer() isn't overridden, the default method will be used and thus the default rather than the custom// renderer will be created@Overridepublic IRenderer getNextRenderer() {return new SimpleTable10_.PositionRenderer((Cell) modelElement, wPct, hPct, content, alignment);}@Overridepublic void draw(DrawContext drawContext) {super.draw(drawContext);
//            drawContext.getCanvas().addXObjectFittedIntoRectangle(img.getXObject(), getOccupiedAreaBBox());drawContext.getCanvas().stroke();UnitValue fontSizeUV = getPropertyAsUnitValue(Property.FONT_SIZE);float x = getOccupiedAreaBBox().getX() + wPct * getOccupiedAreaBBox().getWidth();float y = getOccupiedAreaBBox().getY() + hPct * (getOccupiedAreaBBox().getHeight()- (fontSizeUV.isPointValue() ? fontSizeUV.getValue() : 12f) * 1.5f);new Canvas(drawContext.getDocument().getFirstPage(), drawContext.getDocument().getDefaultPageSize()).showTextAligned(content, x, y, alignment);}}
}

參考

https://python-docx.readthedocs.io/en/latest/
https://github.com/seminar2012/python-docx

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