EyeQ進(jìn)展The Evolution of EyeQ
Mobileye’s proven leadership in ADAS technologies is based in our EyeQ? family system-on-chip (SoC) devices. More than 27 car manufacturers have chosen the EyeQ for their assisted-driving technologies based on its ability to support complex and computationally intense vision processing, while maintaining low power consumption.
Mobileye’s latest fifth-generation EyeQ is able to support fully-autonomous (Level 5) vehicles.
Mobileye在在ADAS技術(shù)成熟的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)地位是基于EyeQ ? 系列系統(tǒng)級(jí)芯片（SoC）器件。超過(guò)27家汽車制造商選擇了EyeQ作為輔助駕駛技術(shù)的基礎(chǔ)，具有支持復(fù)雜且計(jì)算強(qiáng)度大的視覺(jué)處理能力，同時(shí)又保持了低功耗。
Mobileye的最新第五代EyeQ能夠支持全自動(dòng)（Level 5）車輛。

Mobileye has been able to achieve the power-performance-cost targets by employing proprietary computation cores (known as accelerators), which are optimized for a wide variety of computer-vision, signal-processing, and machine-learning tasks, including deep neural networks. These accelerator cores have been designed specifically to address the needs of the ADAS and autonomous-driving markets. Each EyeQ chip features heterogeneous, fully programmable accelerators; with each accelerator type optimized for its own family of algorithms. This diversity of accelerator architectures enables applications to save both computation time and chip power by using the most suitable core for every task. Optimizing the assignment of tasks to cores thus ensures that the EyeQ provides “super-computer” capabilities within a low-power envelope to enable price-efficient passive cooling.
通過(guò)使用專有的計(jì)算核心（稱為加速器），Mobileye能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)功率性能成本的目標(biāo)，這些核心針對(duì)各種計(jì)算機(jī)視覺(jué)，信號(hào)處理和機(jī)器學(xué)習(xí)任務(wù)（包括深度神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)）進(jìn)行了優(yōu)化。這些加速器內(nèi)核是專門為滿足ADAS和自動(dòng)駕駛市場(chǎng)的需求而設(shè)計(jì)的。每個(gè)EyeQ芯片均具有異構(gòu)的，完全可編程的加速器。每種加速器類型都針對(duì)算法系列進(jìn)行了優(yōu)化。加速器體系結(jié)構(gòu)的多樣性，使應(yīng)用程序可以通過(guò)對(duì)每個(gè)任務(wù)使用最合適的內(nèi)核來(lái)節(jié)省計(jì)算時(shí)間和芯片功耗。
The fully programmable accelerator cores are as follows:
? The Vector Microcode Processors (VMP), which debuted in the EyeQ2, are now in their 4th generation of implementation in the EyeQ5, and are designed in most advanced VLSI process technology nodes – down to 7nm FinFET in the 5th generation. The VMP, a VLIW SIMD processor with cheap and flexible memory access, provides hardware support for operations common to computer vision applications and is well-suited to multi-core scenarios. Its computational power targets 24 trillion operations per second, while drawing only 10 watts in a typical application.
? The Multithreaded Processing Cluster (MPC) was introduced in the EyeQ4 and now reaches its 2nd generation of implementation in the EyeQ5. The MPC is more versatile than any GPU and more efficient than any CPU.
? The Programmable Macro Array (PMA) was introduced in the EyeQ4 and now reaches its 2nd generation of implementation in the EyeQ5. The PMA enables computation density nearing that of fixed-function hardware accelerators without sacrificing programmability.
In addition to Mobileye’s innovative and well-proven computer vision accelerators, the EyeQ features generic multithread CPU cores to provide the complete and robust computing platform that ADAS/AV applications demand.
完全可編程的加速器內(nèi)核如下：
? 在EyeQ2中首次亮相的矢量微碼處理器（VMP），已經(jīng)在EyeQ5中實(shí)現(xiàn)了其第四代實(shí)現(xiàn)，并在最先進(jìn)的VLSI處理技術(shù)節(jié)點(diǎn)中進(jìn)行了設(shè)計(jì)-第五代中的最小7nm FinFET。VMP是一種VLIW SIMD處理器，具有廉價(jià)，靈活的內(nèi)存訪問(wèn)功能，為計(jì)算機(jī)視覺(jué)應(yīng)用程序常見(jiàn)的操作提供硬件支持，非常適合于多核方案。計(jì)算能力目標(biāo)為每秒24萬(wàn)億次操作，而在典型應(yīng)用中僅消耗10瓦。
? EyeQ4中引入了多線程處理集群（MPC），現(xiàn)在在EyeQ5中實(shí)現(xiàn)了其第二代實(shí)現(xiàn)。MPC比任何GPU都更通用，比任何CPU都更高效。
? 可編程宏陣列（PMA）是在EyeQ4中引入的，現(xiàn)已在EyeQ5中達(dá)到其第二代實(shí)現(xiàn)。PMA使計(jì)算密度接近固定功能硬件加速器的計(jì)算密度，而不會(huì)犧牲可編程性。
除了Mobileye的創(chuàng)新和久經(jīng)考驗(yàn)的計(jì)算機(jī)視覺(jué)加速器外，EyeQ還具有通用的多線程CPU內(nèi)核，可提供ADAS / AV應(yīng)用程序所需的完整而強(qiáng)大的計(jì)算平臺(tái)。
Mobileye has a long-standing cooperation with STMicroelectronics (STM) for implementation of the EyeQ devices Leveraging its substantial experience in automotive-grade designs, STM provides support in state-of-the-art physical implementation, as well as automotive-grade memories, high-speed interfaces, and system-in-package design to ensure that the EyeQ devices meet the full qualification process according to the highest automotive standards.
Mobileye has a proven track record of developing hardware to meet the challenges of each new level of autonomous driving and we expect our computing capabilities to continue to grow exponentially. Indeed, in order to support running increasingly greater numbers of different algorithms simultaneously, each generation of the EyeQ has been approximately eight times more powerful than its predecessor, all the while maintaining the requisite low power dissipation.

ADAS and especially high levels of autonomous driving require an unprecedented level of focus on functional safety. EyeQ devices are developed to be designed into systems that require the highest grade of safety in automotive applications (i.e., ASIL D, according to the ISO 26262 standard).
In addition to the safety requirements inherent to an automotive application, security is no less a concern. To support the cyber-security requirements of ADAS/AV applications, the EyeQ5 was designed with an integrated hardware security module which includes various innovative HW security features. This enables system integrators to support secure over-the-air software updates, secure in-vehicle communication, etc.
Mobileye與意法半導(dǎo)體（STM）在實(shí)施EyeQ器件方面有著長(zhǎng)期合作關(guān)系，憑借其在汽車級(jí)設(shè)計(jì)方面的豐富經(jīng)驗(yàn)，STM為最新的物理實(shí)現(xiàn)以及汽車級(jí)存儲(chǔ)器提供了支持，高速接口和系統(tǒng)級(jí)封裝設(shè)計(jì)，以確保EyeQ設(shè)備符合最高汽車標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的完整認(rèn)證流程。
Mobileye在開(kāi)發(fā)硬件以應(yīng)對(duì)自動(dòng)駕駛每個(gè)新水平的挑戰(zhàn)方面有著良好的記錄，希望計(jì)算能力將繼續(xù)呈指數(shù)增長(zhǎng)。為了支持同時(shí)運(yùn)行越來(lái)越多的不同算法，每一代EyeQ的性能都比其前代產(chǎn)品高出大約八倍，同時(shí)始終保持必需的低功耗。
ADAS，尤其是高水平的自動(dòng)駕駛，要求對(duì)功能安全的關(guān)注達(dá)到前所未有的水平。EyeQ設(shè)備被開(kāi)發(fā)用于在汽車應(yīng)用中要求最高安全等級(jí)的系統(tǒng)（即，根據(jù)ISO 26262標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的ASIL D）。
EyeQ devices are delivered to automakers and Tier1 suppliers along with a full suite of hardware accelerated algorithms and applications that are required for ADAS and autonomous driving. Along with this, Mobileye supports an automotive-grade standard operating system and provides a complete software development kit (SDK) to allow customers to differentiate their solutions by deploying their algorithms on EyeQ5. The SDK may also be used for prototyping and deployment of neural networks, and for access to Mobileye pre-trained network layers. Uses of EyeQ5 as an open software platform are facilitated by such architectural elements such as hardware virtualization and full cache coherency between CPUs and accelerators.
Autonomous driving requires fusion processing of dozens of sensors, including high-resolution cameras, radars, and LiDARs. The sensor-fusion process has to simultaneously grab and process all the sensors’ data. For this purpose, EyeQ5 dedicated IOs support at least 40Gbps data bandwidth. More sensors may be supported via PCIe and Gigabit Ethernet ports with 18Gbps additional data bandwidth.
EyeQ5 implements two PCIe Gen4 ports for inter-processor communication, which could enable system expansion with multiple EyeQ5 devices or for connectivity with an application processor. EyeQ devices implement high performance network on chip interconnect and multi-channel low power DDR interfaces, to support high computational and data bandwidth requirements.
除了汽車應(yīng)用固有的安全要求外，安全性同樣是關(guān)注的重點(diǎn)。為了滿足ADAS / AV應(yīng)用程序的網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全要求，EyeQ5設(shè)計(jì)帶有集成的硬件安全模塊，該模塊包括各種創(chuàng)新的硬件安全功能。使系統(tǒng)集成商能夠支持安全的空中軟件更新，安全的車載通信等。
EyeQ設(shè)備連同ADAS和自動(dòng)駕駛所需的全套硬件加速算法和應(yīng)用程序，一起提供給汽車制造商和Tier1供應(yīng)商。除此之外，Mobileye支持汽車級(jí)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)操作系統(tǒng)，提供完整的軟件開(kāi)發(fā)套件（SDK），允許客戶通過(guò)在EyeQ5上部署算法來(lái)區(qū)分其解決方案。該SDK還可以用于神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的原型設(shè)計(jì)和部署，以及用于訪問(wèn)Mobileye預(yù)先訓(xùn)練的網(wǎng)絡(luò)層。諸如硬件虛擬化以及CPU和加速器之間的完全緩存一致性之類的體系結(jié)構(gòu)元素，促進(jìn)了EyeQ5作為開(kāi)放軟件平臺(tái)的使用。
自動(dòng)駕駛需要融合數(shù)十個(gè)傳感器的融合處理，包括高分辨率攝像頭，雷達(dá)和LiDAR。傳感器融合過(guò)程必須同時(shí)獲取和處理所有傳感器的數(shù)據(jù)。EyeQ5專用IO至少支持40Gbps數(shù)據(jù)帶寬。通過(guò)具有18Gbps附加數(shù)據(jù)帶寬的PCIe和千兆以太網(wǎng)端口，可以支持更多傳感器。
EyeQ5實(shí)現(xiàn)了兩個(gè)PCIe Gen4端口，進(jìn)行處理器間通信，可以通過(guò)多個(gè)EyeQ5設(shè)備擴(kuò)展系統(tǒng)或與應(yīng)用處理器進(jìn)行連接。EyeQ設(shè)備實(shí)現(xiàn)了高性能的片上網(wǎng)絡(luò)互連和多通道低功耗DDR接口，支持較高的計(jì)算和數(shù)據(jù)帶寬要求。

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