instagram架構(gòu)

by Dmytro Brovkin

由Dmytro Brovkin

如何創(chuàng)建像Instagram這樣的照片共享應(yīng)用程序：基本知識(shí)。 (How to create a photo sharing app like Instagram: the basics.)

After two centuries of rapid development, photography has come a long way from being a luxury to becoming a huge part of our everyday lives. Nowadays, your cat can have more photos than a royal family could afford just a couple hundreds years ago.

經(jīng)過(guò)兩個(gè)世紀(jì)的快速發(fā)展，攝影已從奢侈到成為我們?nèi)粘Ｉ畹闹匾M成部分，已經(jīng)走了很長(zhǎng)一段路。 如今，您的貓所擁有的照片比數(shù)百年前的王室所能承受的更多。

The photography culture (or should we say cult?) is a big part of modern society. To capture a moment with high-quality and beautiful pictures, you don’t need to invest in a high-end professional camera anymore. At the end of 2016, the number of pictures taken by smartphone users had reached 2.08 billion. Every smartphone has a camera, so almost everyone today can take pictures and share them via social apps.

攝影文化(或者應(yīng)該說(shuō)是邪教 ？)是現(xiàn)代社會(huì)的重要組成部分。 為了捕捉高質(zhì)量和精美圖片的瞬間，您不再需要購(gòu)買高端專業(yè)相機(jī)。 截至2016年底，智能手機(jī)用戶拍攝的照片數(shù)量達(dá)到20.8億張。 每個(gè)智能手機(jī)都有一個(gè)攝像頭，因此今天幾乎每個(gè)人都可以拍照并通過(guò)社交應(yīng)用程序共享它們。

This is what Kevin Systrom and Mike Krieger took advantage of back in 2010 — the year when Instagram was first launched. Ever since then, the service has been steadily growing and gaining popularity, reaching unbelievable heights. It is currently the indisputable leader when it comes to sharing pictures, and it’s well-known all around the world. The official data provided by the service sounds incredible.

這就是Kevin Systrom和Mike Krieger在2010年(Instagram首次發(fā)布的那一年)利用的優(yōu)勢(shì)。 從那時(shí)起，該服務(wù)一直在穩(wěn)定增長(zhǎng)并獲得普及，達(dá)到令人難以置信的高度。 目前，在分享圖片方面，它是無(wú)可爭(zhēng)議的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者，并且在全世界都廣為人知。 該服務(wù)提供的官方數(shù)據(jù)聽起來(lái)令人難以置信。

Instagram users post more than 80 million pictures daily, they like the photos 3.5 billion times a day, and the monthly auditory reach is more than 400 million users. It’s nearly impossible to list all the events that photo-sharing apps could potentially be used on: parties, travel, self-advertising, and much more.

Instagram用戶每天發(fā)布超過(guò)8000萬(wàn)張圖片，他們每天喜歡圖片35億次，每月的聽覺范圍超過(guò)4億用戶。 列出照片共享應(yīng)用程序可能會(huì)使用的所有事件幾乎是不可能的：聚會(huì)，旅行，自我廣告等等。

那么從頭開始創(chuàng)建Instagram替代品又需要什么呢？ (So what does it take to create an Instagram alternative from scratch?)

While there is a leader in the market, it doesn’t mean that there is absolutely no place for new contenders. If you have a clear vision of what you want to achieve, and what you want to share with the community, nothing is impossible.

盡管市場(chǎng)上有領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者，但這并不意味著絕對(duì)沒有新競(jìng)爭(zhēng)者的位置。 如果您對(duì)要實(shí)現(xiàn)的目標(biāo)以及與社區(qū)共享的目標(biāo)具有清晰的愿景，那么一切皆有可能。

So, let’s imagine you’ve decided to create an app that would be similar to Instagram and allow you to share photos. The first thing to pay attention to is the interaction map for Instagram users:

因此，假設(shè)您決定創(chuàng)建一個(gè)與Instagram類似的應(yīng)用程序，并允許您共享照片。 首先要注意的是Instagram用戶的交互圖：

• Authorization (create a new profile or sign into an already existing one via social networks)
  授權(quán)(通過(guò)社交網(wǎng)絡(luò)創(chuàng)建新的配置文件或登錄到現(xiàn)有配置文件)
• Editing the profile (add, edit, or delete your personal data)
  編輯個(gè)人資料(添加，編輯或刪除您的個(gè)人數(shù)據(jù))
• Posting pictures (upload the photos, mention the people, add the hashtags)
  發(fā)布圖片(上傳照片，提及他人，添加主題標(biāo)簽)
• Timeline (follow, like, comment)
  時(shí)間軸(跟隨，贊，評(píng)論)
• Social features (have the ability to share the post or invite your friends from Facebook)
  社交功能(具有分享帖子或從Facebook邀請(qǐng)您的朋友的功能)
• Photo customization (crop it, rotate it, add filters)
  照片自定義(裁剪，旋轉(zhuǎn)，添加濾鏡)
• Location (let the location service get your geo-data via pictures taken in the app)
  位置(讓位置服務(wù)通過(guò)在應(yīng)用中拍攝的照片獲取地理數(shù)據(jù))
• Messenger (text and photo)
  信使(文字和圖片)
• Notifications, push-notifications
  通知，推送通知
• Search (username, just name, hashtags, post description)
  搜索(用戶名，名稱，主題標(biāo)簽，帖子說(shuō)明)

It’s also important to pay attention to the interface of an app. Instagram can be a great example of a simple, stylish, and easy-to-use design.

注意應(yīng)用程序的界面也很重要。 Instagram可以成為簡(jiǎn)單，時(shí)尚且易于使用的設(shè)計(jì)的一個(gè)很好的例子。

In the table below, you can find the estimated time needed to create an Instagram alternative broken down into functional parts.

在下表中，您可以找到創(chuàng)建Instagram替代項(xiàng)(分為功能部分)所需的估計(jì)時(shí)間。

Speaking about design, UX will take from 64 to 96 hours. UI will most likely need 48–64 hours of time. Additional design features need 16+ hours, depending on how difficult your tasks are. Don’t forget that you’ll also need to design a great logo for your product, which will help you to move your brand further ahead of rivals.

說(shuō)到設(shè)計(jì)，UX將花費(fèi)64到96個(gè)小時(shí)。 UI很可能需要48-64小時(shí)的時(shí)間。 其他設(shè)計(jì)功能需要16個(gè)小時(shí)以上的時(shí)間，具體取決于您的任務(wù)有多困難。 別忘了，您還需要為產(chǎn)品設(shè)計(jì)一個(gè)醒目的徽標(biāo)，這將幫助您使品牌進(jìn)一步領(lǐng)先于競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手。

At the rate of $50/hour, it’ll cost from $12800 to $22400 to create an Instagram alternative for iOS. An Android app is likely to take $12800 to $19600. The backend development will cost around $17600 — it doesn’t depend on the specifications of the users’ devices, as this code runs on the server.

以每小時(shí)50美元的價(jià)格，為iOS創(chuàng)建Instagram替代品的成本從12800美元到22400美元。 一款A(yù)ndroid應(yīng)用的售價(jià)可能在12800美元至19600美元之間。 后端開發(fā)的成本約為17600美元-它不依賴于用戶設(shè)備的規(guī)格，因?yàn)榇舜a在服務(wù)器上運(yùn)行。

Given that the main goal of an app like that is photo sharing, you’ll certainly need to take care of optimization of an app design as well as ubiquitous exterior for all media. Instagram solved this problem by making all the photos squared.

鑒于此類應(yīng)用程序的主要目標(biāo)是照片共享，因此您肯定需要注意優(yōu)化應(yīng)用程序設(shè)計(jì)以及所有媒體無(wú)處不在的外觀。 Instagram通過(guò)使所有照片平方來(lái)解決了這個(gè)問題。

關(guān)鍵效率指標(biāo) (The key efficiency indicators)

When you create an alternative to an app like Instagram, you’ll certainly need to include some exclusive features to leave the rivals in the dust.

當(dāng)您創(chuàng)建類似Instagram之類的應(yīng)用的替代產(chǎn)品時(shí)，您肯定需要包括一些獨(dú)有功能，以免競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手陷入困境。

It doesn’t make any sense to create an app that will be 100% identical to Instagram, because they already have a loyal client base. The best strategy is to bring on fresh new ideas while keeping an eye on the most useful Instagram features at the same time.

創(chuàng)建一個(gè)與Instagram 100％相同的應(yīng)用程序沒有任何意義，因?yàn)樗鼈円呀?jīng)擁有了忠實(shí)的客戶群。 最好的策略是帶來(lái)新的想法，同時(shí)關(guān)注最有用的Instagram功能。

We’ll list some of the main indicators that you’ll need to pay attention to if you want to check on your app’s popularity and progress:

如果您要檢查應(yīng)用的受歡迎程度和進(jìn)度，我們將列出一些需要注意的主要指標(biāo)：

• The number of active users
  活動(dòng)用戶數(shù)
• The users’ participation
  用戶的參與
• The app’s ability to keep the user
  應(yīng)用程序保留用戶的能力

1.活躍用戶 (1. Active users)

Goal:

目標(biāo)：

To bring as many new, loyal users as possible.

吸引盡可能多的新忠實(shí)用戶。

You can check on this metric by looking at the stats on the gained and lost users and how fast the user base grows.

您可以通過(guò)查看獲得和失去的用戶的統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)以及用戶群的增長(zhǎng)速度來(lái)檢查該指標(biāo)。

Ways to do it:

方式：

Media marketing: let the people know about your product and make them talk about it as much as possible. Create social network pages, contact your target audience, and hire people specializing in marketing. All of those things need to be done early, like 3–6 months before the app launch.

媒體營(yíng)銷：讓人們了解您的產(chǎn)品，并讓他們盡可能多地談?wù)撍?創(chuàng)建社交網(wǎng)絡(luò)頁(yè)面，聯(lián)系您的目標(biāo)受眾，并雇用專門從事市場(chǎng)營(yíng)銷的人員。 所有這些事情都需要盡早完成，例如在應(yīng)用啟動(dòng)前3–6個(gè)月。

Referral program: reward your users for inviting friends and leaving positive feedback by giving away free new filters, photo effects, and other useful functions that can help them make the experience better.

推薦計(jì)劃：通過(guò)免費(fèi)提供新的濾鏡，照片效果和其他有用的功能來(lái)幫助您的用戶邀請(qǐng)朋友并留下積極的反饋，以幫助他們改善體驗(yàn)。

Attracting high profile users and use smart PR: every app for photo sharing has its own important people. Such popular users can enhance your product’s status and popularity. It can be a popular client or a celebrity. You can attract them with the help of a free PR companies on your pages or free early access to your product. Moreover, you should post content that would be interesting to such people.

吸引知名用戶并使用智能PR：每個(gè)用于照片共享的應(yīng)用都有自己的重要人物。 這樣受歡迎的用戶可以提高您產(chǎn)品的狀態(tài)和受歡迎程度。 它可以是受歡迎的客戶或名人。 您可以在頁(yè)面上免費(fèi)的公關(guān)公司的幫助下吸引他們，或者免費(fèi)早期訪問您的產(chǎn)品。 此外，您應(yīng)該發(fā)布這類人感興趣的內(nèi)容。

2.用戶參與 (2. User involvement)

Goal:

目標(biāo)：

To make people spend more time on your app and log in more often.

為了使人們?cè)谀膽?yīng)用上花費(fèi)更多的時(shí)間并更頻繁地登錄。

The involvement level can be assessed by the activity that takes place in your app: likes amount (new and overall), sent media amount (new/recent/overall), and so on.

參與程度可以通過(guò)應(yīng)用程序中發(fā)生的活動(dòng)進(jìn)行評(píng)估：喜歡的數(shù)量(新的和整體的)，發(fā)送的媒體數(shù)量(新的/最近的/總體)等等。

Ways to do it:

方式：

This can be achieved by filling your app with social functions, like comments, likes, groups, friends, followers, channels, instruments to make a profile unique and different.

這可以通過(guò)在社交應(yīng)用中填充評(píng)論，喜歡，群組，朋友，關(guān)注者，頻道，工具等社交功能來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)，從而使個(gè)人資料與眾不同。

To attract a potential audience, you’ll need to offer high-quality and helpful editing tools that satisfy the needs of professionals. Ensure that the professional photographers get the best terms, and they’ll pay you back by making your app unique and posting their quality content in your app.

為了吸引潛在的受眾，您需要提供高質(zhì)量且有用的編輯工具，以滿足專業(yè)人士的需求。 確保專業(yè)攝影師獲得最佳條款，并通過(guò)使您的應(yīng)用與眾不同并在您的應(yīng)用中發(fā)布其高質(zhì)量的內(nèi)容來(lái)回報(bào)您。

3.留住用戶 (3. Keeping the user)

Goal:

目標(biāo)：

To make sure users come back to your app.

確保用戶返回您的應(yīng)用。

Ways to do it:

方式：

Send push-notifications every time something interesting happens. Since your users will probably be mostly young people, send the notifications and letters at the right time (in the morning, when they’re getting ready for school or college, or later on to encourage them spend their free time in your app).

每當(dāng)發(fā)生有趣的事情時(shí)，都發(fā)送推送通知。 由于您的用戶可能主要是年輕人，因此請(qǐng)?jiān)谶m當(dāng)?shù)臅r(shí)間發(fā)送通知和信件(早上，當(dāng)他們準(zhǔn)備上學(xué)或上大學(xué)時(shí)，或稍后鼓勵(lì)他們?cè)趹?yīng)用中花費(fèi)空閑時(shí)間)。

React to the feedback from your users, whether it’s positive or negative. It’ll show everyone you care about the people who use your app and are even ready to display their feedback.

對(duì)您的用戶的反饋?zhàn)龀稣婊蜇?fù)面的React。 它會(huì)向您顯示您關(guān)心的每個(gè)使用您的應(yīng)用程序的人，甚至準(zhǔn)備顯示他們的反饋。

Launch different promotional events so that your users get involved with everything that happens inside of your app — and make a profit on these events.

發(fā)起不同的促銷活動(dòng)，以便您的用戶參與應(yīng)用程序內(nèi)部發(fā)生的一切，并從這些活動(dòng)中獲利。

All these factors are very important, because they show how satisfying your app is for your target audience, what profit you can make, and where you need to head next in order to make your app even better.

所有這些因素都是非常重要的，因?yàn)樗鼈儽砻髁四膽?yīng)用程序?qū)δ繕?biāo)受眾的滿意度，可以帶來(lái)的利潤(rùn)以及下一步需要改善的應(yīng)用程序。

營(yíng)利 (Monetization)

One more factor that most people are interested in, beside the costs of developing an app, is how to monetize it. There are multiple ways to make profit with the help of your app:

除了開發(fā)應(yīng)用程序的成本外，大多數(shù)人感興趣的另一個(gè)因素是如何將其貨幣化。 有多種方法可借助您的應(yīng)用程序獲利：

• Sponsorship and advertising (companies create their profiles and advertise themselves)
  贊助和廣告(公司創(chuàng)建個(gè)人資料并做廣告)
• In-app purchases (just as far as your imagination goes — you can sell filters, effects, even let the users smell their own photos)
  應(yīng)用內(nèi)購(gòu)買(就您的想象而言，您可以出售濾鏡，特效，甚至讓用戶聞到自己的照片)
• Special offers for active users.
  活躍用戶的特別優(yōu)惠。

結(jié)論 (Conclusion)

So, what do you need to do to create an alternative to Instagram? Just the following:

那么，您需要怎么做才能創(chuàng)建Instagram替代方案？ 只是以下內(nèi)容：

• Analyze the market, and invent your strategy
  分析市場(chǎng)并制定您的策略
• Get investors to help you
  吸引投資者幫助您
• Find the developers that’ll create a MVP for you
  查找將為您創(chuàng)建MVP的開發(fā)人員
• Design your own marketing strategy and launch it a few months before the official app launch
  設(shè)計(jì)您自己的營(yíng)銷策略，并在正式應(yīng)用啟動(dòng)前幾個(gè)月啟動(dòng)
• Add some unique functions to your app to make it special
  向您的應(yīng)用程序添加一些獨(dú)特功能，使其具有特殊性
• Test it to guarantee the highest quality of your services
  測(cè)試它以確保您的服務(wù)質(zhì)量最高
• Enjoy your (hopefully) successful app!
  享受您的(希望)成功的應(yīng)用程序！

Don’t forget about your rivals, though. Always be alert to what happens in the market and what the current trends look like. Remember, the best has no limits, and you can always improve even further. If you launch a product that will not only satisfy people’s needs, but also be comfortable and nice to use, the success will surely come.

不過(guò)，不要忘記您的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手。 時(shí)刻保持警惕，了解市場(chǎng)情況以及當(dāng)前趨勢(shì)。 請(qǐng)記住，最好的事物是沒有止境的，您總是可以進(jìn)一步提高。 如果您推出的產(chǎn)品不僅能夠滿足人們的需求，而且使用起來(lái)舒適，美觀，那么成功必將到來(lái)。

As you can see, apps like Instagram are the important tools of social marketing nowadays. So, if you really want to create an Instagram alternative and are ambitious enough to try it, then I hope that this article has been helpful. Get in touch with us today, and we can lay the foundation of your business and development needs!

如您所見，Instagram等應(yīng)用程序是當(dāng)今社交營(yíng)銷的重要工具。 因此，如果您真的想創(chuàng)建一個(gè)Instagram替代方案并且有足夠的野心去嘗試，那么我希望本文對(duì)您有所幫助。 立即與我們聯(lián)系 ，我們可以為您的業(yè)務(wù)和發(fā)展需求奠定基礎(chǔ)！

This article was originally published on the Octodev Blog.

本文最初發(fā)表在Octodev Blog上 。

翻譯自: https://www.freecodecamp.org/news/how-to-create-a-photo-sharing-app-like-instagram-the-basics-8dfdeb5e17f5/

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