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go grpc 深入笔记

發(fā)布時間：2023/11/29 编程问答 34 豆豆

生活随笔收集整理的這篇文章主要介紹了 go grpc 深入笔记小編覺得挺不錯的,現在分享給大家,幫大家做個參考.

為什么80%的碼農都做不了架構師？>>> ??

grpc 深入

生命周期

grpc 的生命周期由4種請求的方式不同而不同：(詳細查看router示例)

普通rpc: 客戶端發(fā)送請求，通知服務端調用rpc服務，服務端返回請求，如果狀態(tài)"ok"，則客戶機將獲得響應，從而在客戶端完成該呼叫。
服務端流rpc: 服務器在獲取客戶端的請求消息之后發(fā)送回響應流。在發(fā)回所有響應后，服務器端的狀態(tài)信息（狀態(tài)碼和可選狀態(tài)消息）和可選的尾隨元數據將被發(fā)送回完成。客戶端完成所有服務器響應后即可完成。
客戶端流rpc: 客戶端將請求流發(fā)送到服務器，而不是單個請求。服務器發(fā)回單個響應，通常但不一定在收到所有客戶端的請求后將其其狀態(tài)詳細信息和可選元數據返回。
雙向流rpc: 發(fā)生的事情取決于應用程序，因為客戶端和服務器可以以任何順序讀取和寫入, 流完全獨立運行。

截止/超時時間(Deadlines/Timeouts)

gprc 設置超時時間：

客戶端指定調用rpc的超時時間，超時返回錯誤 "DEADLINE_EXCEEDED"
在服務器端，服務器可以查詢特定的RPC是否超時，還是剩下多少時間來完成RPC。

指定的截止日期或超時時間因語言而異，并不是所有語言都有默認的最后期限。

某些語言時間是截止時間（固定時間點），而某些語言超時時間是范圍（持續(xù)時間）。

取消rpc不會回滾操作

取消RPC客戶端或服務器可以隨時取消調用。取消立即終止RPC。它不是一個“撤消”：取消之前所做的更改將不會被回滾。

身份驗證

Authentication

具有或不具有基于Google token身份驗證的SSL/TLS，或者您可以通過擴展提供的代碼來插入自己的身份驗證系統(tǒng)。

SSL/TLS：gRPC具有SSL/TLS集成，并促進使用SSL/TLS對服務器進行身份驗證，并對客戶端和服務器之間交換的所有數據進行加密。
Token (google): 通過gRPC訪問Google API時獲得token（通常是OAuth2 tokens）的額外支持是為某些驗證流提供的：一般情況下，此機制必須使用SSL/TLS，Google不會允許沒有SSL/TLS的連接，大多數gRPC語言實現不會讓您在未加密的頻道上發(fā)送憑據。

google的token值能用于連接google服務，將這個token發(fā)給非google服務看能會發(fā)生被盜用的情況，并用于將客戶端模擬為Google服務。

憑證

通道憑據，附加到通道，如SSL憑據。
調用憑據，它們附加到調用（或C ++中的ClientContext）中。

route_guide

gRPC Basics - Go

這個例子演示了客戶端和服務端的集中通訊方式

普通rpc: 客戶端向服務端發(fā)起請求，并等待響應回來，就像普通的函數調用一樣。
服務器端流式RPC: 客戶端向服務器發(fā)送請求并獲取流來讀取一系列消息。客戶端從返回的流中讀取，直到沒有更多的消息。
客戶端流RPC：客戶端使用流寫入一系列消息并將其發(fā)送到服務器。一旦客戶端完成了消息的寫入，它等待服務器讀取所有消息并返回其響應。
雙向流RPC：其中雙方使用讀寫流發(fā)送消息序列。兩個流獨立運行，所以客戶端和服務器可以按照他們喜歡的順序進行讀取和寫入：例如，服務器可能在寫入響應之前等待接收所有客戶端消息，或者可以交替地讀取消息然后寫入消息，或讀取和寫入的其他組合。每個流中的消息順序被保留。

將stream關鍵字放在響應類型之前指定服務端或客戶端的方法使用流的方法。

下面是4中方式的定義：

service RouteGuide {rpc GetFeature(Point) returns (Feature) {}rpc ListFeatures(Rectangle) returns (stream Feature) {}rpc RecordRoute(stream Point) returns (RouteSummary) {}rpc RouteChat(stream RouteNote) returns (stream RouteNote) {} }

pb文件

完整定義：

syntax = "proto3";option java_multiple_files = true; option java_package = "io.grpc.examples.routeguide"; option java_outer_classname = "RouteGuideProto";package pb;// Interface exported by the server. service RouteGuide {// A simple RPC.//// Obtains the feature at a given position.//// A feature with an empty name is returned if there's no feature at the given// position.rpc GetFeature(Point) returns (Feature) {}// A server-to-client streaming RPC.//// Obtains the Features available within the given Rectangle. Results are// streamed rather than returned at once (e.g. in a response message with a// repeated field), as the rectangle may cover a large area and contain a// huge number of features.rpc ListFeatures(Rectangle) returns (stream Feature) {}// A client-to-server streaming RPC.//// Accepts a stream of Points on a route being traversed, returning a// RouteSummary when traversal is completed.rpc RecordRoute(stream Point) returns (RouteSummary) {}// A Bidirectional streaming RPC.//// Accepts a stream of RouteNotes sent while a route is being traversed,// while receiving other RouteNotes (e.g. from other users).rpc RouteChat(stream RouteNote) returns (stream RouteNote) {} }// Points are represented as latitude-longitude pairs in the E7 representation // (degrees multiplied by 10**7 and rounded to the nearest integer). // Latitudes should be in the range +/- 90 degrees and longitude should be in // the range +/- 180 degrees (inclusive). message Point {int32 latitude = 1;int32 longitude = 2; }// A latitude-longitude rectangle, represented as two diagonally opposite // points "lo" and "hi". message Rectangle {// One corner of the rectangle.Point lo = 1;// The other corner of the rectangle.Point hi = 2; }// A feature names something at a given point. // // If a feature could not be named, the name is empty. message Feature {// The name of the feature.string name = 1;// The point where the feature is detected.Point location = 2; }// A RouteNote is a message sent while at a given point. message RouteNote {// The location from which the message is sent.Point location = 1;// The message to be sent.string message = 2; }// A RouteSummary is received in response to a RecordRoute rpc. // // It contains the number of individual points received, the number of // detected features, and the total distance covered as the cumulative sum of // the distance between each point. message RouteSummary {// The number of points received.int32 point_count = 1;// The number of known features passed while traversing the route.int32 feature_count = 2;// The distance covered in metres.int32 distance = 3;// The duration of the traversal in seconds.int32 elapsed_time = 4; }

使用上面的文件，然后在對應文件夾下生產xx.pb.go文件

protoc -I ./ route_guide.proto --go_out=plugins=grpc:.

server 實現

// Package main implements a simple gRPC server that demonstrates how to use gRPC-Go libraries // to perform unary, client streaming, server streaming and full duplex RPCs. // // It implements the route guide service whose definition can be found in proto/route_guide.proto. package mainimport ("encoding/json""flag""fmt""io""io/ioutil""math""net""time""golang.org/x/net/context""google.golang.org/grpc""google.golang.org/grpc/credentials""google.golang.org/grpc/grpclog""github.com/golang/protobuf/proto""git.oschina.net/solate/test/other/grpc/router/pb" )var (tls = flag.Bool("tls", false, "Connection uses TLS if true, else plain TCP")certFile = flag.String("cert_file", "testdata/server1.pem", "The TLS cert file")keyFile = flag.String("key_file", "testdata/server1.key", "The TLS key file")jsonDBFile = flag.String("json_db_file", "testdata/route_guide_db.json", "A json file containing a list of features")port = flag.Int("port", 10000, "The server port") )type routeGuideServer struct {savedFeatures []*pb.FeaturerouteNotes map[string][]*pb.RouteNote }// GetFeature returns the feature at the given point. func (s *routeGuideServer) GetFeature(ctx context.Context, point *pb.Point) (*pb.Feature, error) {for _, feature := range s.savedFeatures {if proto.Equal(feature.Location, point) {return feature, nil}}// No feature was found, return an unnamed featurereturn &pb.Feature{Location: point}, nil }// ListFeatures lists all features contained within the given bounding Rectangle. func (s *routeGuideServer) ListFeatures(rect *pb.Rectangle, stream pb.RouteGuide_ListFeaturesServer) error {for _, feature := range s.savedFeatures {if inRange(feature.Location, rect) {if err := stream.Send(feature); err != nil {return err}}}return nil }// RecordRoute records a route composited of a sequence of points. // // It gets a stream of points, and responds with statistics about the "trip": // number of points, number of known features visited, total distance traveled, and // total time spent. func (s *routeGuideServer) RecordRoute(stream pb.RouteGuide_RecordRouteServer) error {var pointCount, featureCount, distance int32var lastPoint *pb.PointstartTime := time.Now()for {point, err := stream.Recv()if err == io.EOF {endTime := time.Now()return stream.SendAndClose(&pb.RouteSummary{PointCount: pointCount,FeatureCount: featureCount,Distance: distance,ElapsedTime: int32(endTime.Sub(startTime).Seconds()),})}if err != nil {return err}pointCount++for _, feature := range s.savedFeatures {if proto.Equal(feature.Location, point) {featureCount++}}if lastPoint != nil {distance += calcDistance(lastPoint, point)}lastPoint = point} }// RouteChat receives a stream of message/location pairs, and responds with a stream of all // previous messages at each of those locations. func (s *routeGuideServer) RouteChat(stream pb.RouteGuide_RouteChatServer) error {for {in, err := stream.Recv()if err == io.EOF {return nil}if err != nil {return err}key := serialize(in.Location)if _, present := s.routeNotes[key]; !present {s.routeNotes[key] = []*pb.RouteNote{in}} else {s.routeNotes[key] = append(s.routeNotes[key], in)}for _, note := range s.routeNotes[key] {if err := stream.Send(note); err != nil {return err}}} }// loadFeatures loads features from a JSON file. func (s *routeGuideServer) loadFeatures(filePath string) {file, err := ioutil.ReadFile(filePath)if err != nil {grpclog.Fatalf("Failed to load default features: %v", err)}if err := json.Unmarshal(file, &s.savedFeatures); err != nil {grpclog.Fatalf("Failed to load default features: %v", err)} }func toRadians(num float64) float64 {return num * math.Pi / float64(180) }// calcDistance calculates the distance between two points using the "haversine" formula. // This code was taken from http://www.movable-type.co.uk/scripts/latlong.html. func calcDistance(p1 *pb.Point, p2 *pb.Point) int32 {const CordFactor float64 = 1e7const R float64 = float64(6371000) // metreslat1 := float64(p1.Latitude) / CordFactorlat2 := float64(p2.Latitude) / CordFactorlng1 := float64(p1.Longitude) / CordFactorlng2 := float64(p2.Longitude) / CordFactorφ1 := toRadians(lat1)φ2 := toRadians(lat2)Δφ := toRadians(lat2 - lat1)Δλ := toRadians(lng2 - lng1)a := math.Sin(Δφ/2)*math.Sin(Δφ/2) +math.Cos(φ1)*math.Cos(φ2)*math.Sin(Δλ/2)*math.Sin(Δλ/2)c := 2 * math.Atan2(math.Sqrt(a), math.Sqrt(1-a))distance := R * creturn int32(distance) }func inRange(point *pb.Point, rect *pb.Rectangle) bool {left := math.Min(float64(rect.Lo.Longitude), float64(rect.Hi.Longitude))right := math.Max(float64(rect.Lo.Longitude), float64(rect.Hi.Longitude))top := math.Max(float64(rect.Lo.Latitude), float64(rect.Hi.Latitude))bottom := math.Min(float64(rect.Lo.Latitude), float64(rect.Hi.Latitude))if float64(point.Longitude) >= left &&float64(point.Longitude) <= right &&float64(point.Latitude) >= bottom &&float64(point.Latitude) <= top {return true}return false }func serialize(point *pb.Point) string {return fmt.Sprintf("%d %d", point.Latitude, point.Longitude) }func newServer() *routeGuideServer {s := new(routeGuideServer)s.loadFeatures(*jsonDBFile)s.routeNotes = make(map[string][]*pb.RouteNote)return s }func main() {flag.Parse()lis, err := net.Listen("tcp", fmt.Sprintf(":%d", *port))if err != nil {grpclog.Fatalf("failed to listen: %v", err)}var opts []grpc.ServerOptionif *tls {creds, err := credentials.NewServerTLSFromFile(*certFile, *keyFile)if err != nil {grpclog.Fatalf("Failed to generate credentials %v", err)}opts = []grpc.ServerOption{grpc.Creds(creds)}}grpcServer := grpc.NewServer(opts...)pb.RegisterRouteGuideServer(grpcServer, newServer())grpcServer.Serve(lis) }

客戶端實現

// Package main implements a simple gRPC client that demonstrates how to use gRPC-Go libraries // to perform unary, client streaming, server streaming and full duplex RPCs. // // It interacts with the route guide service whose definition can be found in proto/route_guide.proto. package mainimport ("flag""io""math/rand""time""golang.org/x/net/context""google.golang.org/grpc""google.golang.org/grpc/credentials""google.golang.org/grpc/grpclog""git.oschina.net/solate/test/other/grpc/router/pb" )var (tls = flag.Bool("tls", false, "Connection uses TLS if true, else plain TCP")caFile = flag.String("ca_file", "testdata/ca.pem", "The file containning the CA root cert file")serverAddr = flag.String("server_addr", "127.0.0.1:10000", "The server address in the format of host:port")serverHostOverride = flag.String("server_host_override", "x.test.youtube.com", "The server name use to verify the hostname returned by TLS handshake") )// printFeature gets the feature for the given point. func printFeature(client pb.RouteGuideClient, point *pb.Point) {grpclog.Printf("Getting feature for point (%d, %d)", point.Latitude, point.Longitude)feature, err := client.GetFeature(context.Background(), point)if err != nil {grpclog.Fatalf("%v.GetFeatures(_) = _, %v: ", client, err)}grpclog.Println(feature) }// printFeatures lists all the features within the given bounding Rectangle. func printFeatures(client pb.RouteGuideClient, rect *pb.Rectangle) {grpclog.Printf("Looking for features within %v", rect)stream, err := client.ListFeatures(context.Background(), rect)if err != nil {grpclog.Fatalf("%v.ListFeatures(_) = _, %v", client, err)}for {feature, err := stream.Recv()if err == io.EOF {break}if err != nil {grpclog.Fatalf("%v.ListFeatures(_) = _, %v", client, err)}grpclog.Println(feature)} }// runRecordRoute sends a sequence of points to server and expects to get a RouteSummary from server. func runRecordRoute(client pb.RouteGuideClient) {// Create a random number of random pointsr := rand.New(rand.NewSource(time.Now().UnixNano()))pointCount := int(r.Int31n(100)) + 2 // Traverse at least two pointsvar points []*pb.Pointfor i := 0; i < pointCount; i++ {points = append(points, randomPoint(r))}grpclog.Printf("Traversing %d points.", len(points))stream, err := client.RecordRoute(context.Background())if err != nil {grpclog.Fatalf("%v.RecordRoute(_) = _, %v", client, err)}for _, point := range points {if err := stream.Send(point); err != nil {grpclog.Fatalf("%v.Send(%v) = %v", stream, point, err)}}reply, err := stream.CloseAndRecv()if err != nil {grpclog.Fatalf("%v.CloseAndRecv() got error %v, want %v", stream, err, nil)}grpclog.Printf("Route summary: %v", reply) }// runRouteChat receives a sequence of route notes, while sending notes for various locations. func runRouteChat(client pb.RouteGuideClient) {notes := []*pb.RouteNote{{&pb.Point{Latitude: 0, Longitude: 1}, "First message"},{&pb.Point{Latitude: 0, Longitude: 2}, "Second message"},{&pb.Point{Latitude: 0, Longitude: 3}, "Third message"},{&pb.Point{Latitude: 0, Longitude: 1}, "Fourth message"},{&pb.Point{Latitude: 0, Longitude: 2}, "Fifth message"},{&pb.Point{Latitude: 0, Longitude: 3}, "Sixth message"},}stream, err := client.RouteChat(context.Background())if err != nil {grpclog.Fatalf("%v.RouteChat(_) = _, %v", client, err)}waitc := make(chan struct{})go func() {for {in, err := stream.Recv()if err == io.EOF {// read done.close(waitc)return}if err != nil {grpclog.Fatalf("Failed to receive a note : %v", err)}grpclog.Printf("Got message %s at point(%d, %d)", in.Message, in.Location.Latitude, in.Location.Longitude)}}()for _, note := range notes {if err := stream.Send(note); err != nil {grpclog.Fatalf("Failed to send a note: %v", err)}}stream.CloseSend()<-waitc }func randomPoint(r *rand.Rand) *pb.Point {lat := (r.Int31n(180) - 90) * 1e7long := (r.Int31n(360) - 180) * 1e7return &pb.Point{Latitude: lat, Longitude: long} }func main() {flag.Parse()var opts []grpc.DialOptionif *tls {var sn stringif *serverHostOverride != "" {sn = *serverHostOverride}var creds credentials.TransportCredentialsif *caFile != "" {var err errorcreds, err = credentials.NewClientTLSFromFile(*caFile, sn)if err != nil {grpclog.Fatalf("Failed to create TLS credentials %v", err)}} else {creds = credentials.NewClientTLSFromCert(nil, sn)}opts = append(opts, grpc.WithTransportCredentials(creds))} else {opts = append(opts, grpc.WithInsecure())}conn, err := grpc.Dial(*serverAddr, opts...)if err != nil {grpclog.Fatalf("fail to dial: %v", err)}defer conn.Close()client := pb.NewRouteGuideClient(conn)// Looking for a valid featureprintFeature(client, &pb.Point{Latitude: 409146138, Longitude: -746188906})// Feature missing.printFeature(client, &pb.Point{Latitude: 0, Longitude: 0})// Looking for features between 40, -75 and 42, -73.printFeatures(client, &pb.Rectangle{Lo: &pb.Point{Latitude: 400000000, Longitude: -750000000},Hi: &pb.Point{Latitude: 420000000, Longitude: -730000000},})// RecordRouterunRecordRoute(client)// RouteChatrunRouteChat(client) }

testdata

route_guide_db.json 在調用的時候是會用到的

tls 如果沒有的話默認會使用tcp。

route_guide_db.json 數據

[{"location": {"latitude": 407838351,"longitude": -746143763},"name": "Patriots Path, Mendham, NJ 07945, USA" }, {"location": {"latitude": 408122808,"longitude": -743999179},"name": "101 New Jersey 10, Whippany, NJ 07981, USA" }, {"location": {"latitude": 413628156,"longitude": -749015468},"name": "U.S. 6, Shohola, PA 18458, USA" }, {"location": {"latitude": 419999544,"longitude": -740371136},"name": "5 Conners Road, Kingston, NY 12401, USA" }, {"location": {"latitude": 414008389,"longitude": -743951297},"name": "Mid Hudson Psychiatric Center, New Hampton, NY 10958, USA" }, {"location": {"latitude": 419611318,"longitude": -746524769},"name": "287 Flugertown Road, Livingston Manor, NY 12758, USA" }, {"location": {"latitude": 406109563,"longitude": -742186778},"name": "4001 Tremley Point Road, Linden, NJ 07036, USA" }, {"location": {"latitude": 416802456,"longitude": -742370183},"name": "352 South Mountain Road, Wallkill, NY 12589, USA" }, {"location": {"latitude": 412950425,"longitude": -741077389},"name": "Bailey Turn Road, Harriman, NY 10926, USA" }, {"location": {"latitude": 412144655,"longitude": -743949739},"name": "193-199 Wawayanda Road, Hewitt, NJ 07421, USA" }, {"location": {"latitude": 415736605,"longitude": -742847522},"name": "406-496 Ward Avenue, Pine Bush, NY 12566, USA" }, {"location": {"latitude": 413843930,"longitude": -740501726},"name": "162 Merrill Road, Highland Mills, NY 10930, USA" }, {"location": {"latitude": 410873075,"longitude": -744459023},"name": "Clinton Road, West Milford, NJ 07480, USA" }, {"location": {"latitude": 412346009,"longitude": -744026814},"name": "16 Old Brook Lane, Warwick, NY 10990, USA" }, {"location": {"latitude": 402948455,"longitude": -747903913},"name": "3 Drake Lane, Pennington, NJ 08534, USA" }, {"location": {"latitude": 406337092,"longitude": -740122226},"name": "6324 8th Avenue, Brooklyn, NY 11220, USA" }, {"location": {"latitude": 406421967,"longitude": -747727624},"name": "1 Merck Access Road, Whitehouse Station, NJ 08889, USA" }, {"location": {"latitude": 416318082,"longitude": -749677716},"name": "78-98 Schalck Road, Narrowsburg, NY 12764, USA" }, {"location": {"latitude": 415301720,"longitude": -748416257},"name": "282 Lakeview Drive Road, Highland Lake, NY 12743, USA" }, {"location": {"latitude": 402647019,"longitude": -747071791},"name": "330 Evelyn Avenue, Hamilton Township, NJ 08619, USA" }, {"location": {"latitude": 412567807,"longitude": -741058078},"name": "New York State Reference Route 987E, Southfields, NY 10975, USA" }, {"location": {"latitude": 416855156,"longitude": -744420597},"name": "103-271 Tempaloni Road, Ellenville, NY 12428, USA" }, {"location": {"latitude": 404663628,"longitude": -744820157},"name": "1300 Airport Road, North Brunswick Township, NJ 08902, USA" }, {"location": {"latitude": 407113723,"longitude": -749746483},"name": "" }, {"location": {"latitude": 402133926,"longitude": -743613249},"name": "" }, {"location": {"latitude": 400273442,"longitude": -741220915},"name": "" }, {"location": {"latitude": 411236786,"longitude": -744070769},"name": "" }, {"location": {"latitude": 411633782,"longitude": -746784970},"name": "211-225 Plains Road, Augusta, NJ 07822, USA" }, {"location": {"latitude": 415830701,"longitude": -742952812},"name": "" }, {"location": {"latitude": 413447164,"longitude": -748712898},"name": "165 Pedersen Ridge Road, Milford, PA 18337, USA" }, {"location": {"latitude": 405047245,"longitude": -749800722},"name": "100-122 Locktown Road, Frenchtown, NJ 08825, USA" }, {"location": {"latitude": 418858923,"longitude": -746156790},"name": "" }, {"location": {"latitude": 417951888,"longitude": -748484944},"name": "650-652 Willi Hill Road, Swan Lake, NY 12783, USA" }, {"location": {"latitude": 407033786,"longitude": -743977337},"name": "26 East 3rd Street, New Providence, NJ 07974, USA" }, {"location": {"latitude": 417548014,"longitude": -740075041},"name": "" }, {"location": {"latitude": 410395868,"longitude": -744972325},"name": "" }, {"location": {"latitude": 404615353,"longitude": -745129803},"name": "" }, {"location": {"latitude": 406589790,"longitude": -743560121},"name": "611 Lawrence Avenue, Westfield, NJ 07090, USA" }, {"location": {"latitude": 414653148,"longitude": -740477477},"name": "18 Lannis Avenue, New Windsor, NY 12553, USA" }, {"location": {"latitude": 405957808,"longitude": -743255336},"name": "82-104 Amherst Avenue, Colonia, NJ 07067, USA" }, {"location": {"latitude": 411733589,"longitude": -741648093},"name": "170 Seven Lakes Drive, Sloatsburg, NY 10974, USA" }, {"location": {"latitude": 412676291,"longitude": -742606606},"name": "1270 Lakes Road, Monroe, NY 10950, USA" }, {"location": {"latitude": 409224445,"longitude": -748286738},"name": "509-535 Alphano Road, Great Meadows, NJ 07838, USA" }, {"location": {"latitude": 406523420,"longitude": -742135517},"name": "652 Garden Street, Elizabeth, NJ 07202, USA" }, {"location": {"latitude": 401827388,"longitude": 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tls協(xié)議使用文件

ca.pem

server1.key

server1.pem

參考

grpc Authentication

PS: 覺得不錯的請點個贊吧！！ (? ??_??)?

轉載于:https://my.oschina.net/solate/blog/876688

總結

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笔记
Grpc