軟件故障

The need for software engineering was realized by the software industry after some of its major failures. Some of these failures are listed below,

在經(jīng)歷了一些重大失敗之后，軟件行業(yè)意識(shí)到了對軟件工程的需求 。 下面列出了其中一些故障，

Y2K問題 (The Y2K problem)

The Y2K problem is the problem that was faced in the year 2000. It was simply due to the ignorance of the first two digits of the year and following the following date format in computers: DD/MM/YY. Everything was fine until the year 1999, but when the year 2000 arrived, the date format was turned to XX/XX/00. Due to this many systems which were bound to the clock stopped working, many showed unexpected behaviors and others like the bank software were not able to make calculations according to the dates. This problem aroused due to the year change from 1999 to 2000, and that’s the reason this problem was named so.

Y2K問題是2000年面臨的問題。這完全是由于該年的前兩位數(shù)字的無所知以及計(jì)算機(jī)中以下日期格式的影響：DD / MM / YY。 在1999年之前一切都很好，但是在2000年到來時(shí)，日期格式改為XX / XX / 00。 由于與時(shí)鐘相關(guān)聯(lián)的許多系統(tǒng)停止工作，許多系統(tǒng)顯示出意外的行為，而其他系統(tǒng)(如銀行軟件)無法根據(jù)日期進(jìn)行計(jì)算。 由于從1999年到2000年的年份變化而引起了這個(gè)問題，這就是這個(gè)問題被如此命名的原因。

阿麗亞娜5 (Ariane 5)

This rocket from the European space agency was about to launch unmatched on June 4, 1996. Everything went fine in till the takeoff but just within forty seconds after its lift-off from Kourou, French Guiana, the rocket exploded.

這枚來自歐洲航天局的火箭即將在1996年6月4日無與倫比的發(fā)射。一切正常，直到起飛，但從法屬圭亞那庫魯升空后的四十秒內(nèi)，火箭爆炸了。

This explosion was due to the error in the software. After 37 seconds of the takeoff, the rocket lost the complete guidance of its altitudes. Due to this, the inertial reference system of the rocket failed as there was no scope of handling such information loss in the software.

爆炸是由于軟件錯(cuò)誤引起的。 起飛37秒后，火箭失去了其高度的完全引導(dǎo)。 因此，火箭的慣性參考系統(tǒng)出現(xiàn)故障，因?yàn)檐浖袥]有處理此類信息丟失的范圍。

愛國者導(dǎo)彈 (The Patriot Missile)

The Patriot missile was used in the Gulf war on Feb 25, 1991, as a defense from the Iraqi Scud missiles. The missile failed several times due to some Software problem which led to System failure of the missile. Also, one of its failures also resulted in the Scud to strike the American army base. This killed 28 soldiers and injured nearly 100 other people.

愛國者導(dǎo)彈在1991年2月25日的海灣戰(zhàn)爭中用作防御伊拉克飛毛腿導(dǎo)彈的武器。 由于某些軟件問題，導(dǎo)致導(dǎo)彈的系統(tǒng)故障，導(dǎo)致導(dǎo)彈幾次失敗。 同樣，它的失敗之一也導(dǎo)致飛毛腿襲擊了美國陸軍基地。 這造成28名士兵死亡，近100人受傷。

The error in the missile occurred in the system’s clock. After 14 hours, the tracking system was no longer accurate. Specifically, the time in tenths of seconds as measured by the system's internal clock was multiplied by 1/10 to produce the time in seconds. So, as the system was operating for the last 100 hours, while the missile was operated, the 1/10^th of a second turned into the significant error which resulted in such a failure.

導(dǎo)彈的錯(cuò)誤發(fā)生在系統(tǒng)的時(shí)鐘中。 14小時(shí)后，跟蹤系統(tǒng)不再準(zhǔn)確。 具體來說，將系統(tǒng)內(nèi)部時(shí)鐘所測量的以十分之一秒為單位的時(shí)間乘以1/10，以產(chǎn)生以秒為單位的時(shí)間。 所以，作為該系統(tǒng)操作用于過去100小時(shí)，同時(shí)被操作的導(dǎo)彈中^，1/10秒變成這導(dǎo)致這樣的故障的顯著錯(cuò)誤。

金融軟件故障 (Financial Software Failures)

The failure in the Financial software has been faced several times by the companies and people. The accounting systems in such cases are not able to calculate the amount of each holder or firm correctly and this results in a loss to either the company or its clients. This failure can result in either producing wrong information or can also lead to the crashing of the whole system.

公司和人員已經(jīng)多次遇到財(cái)務(wù)軟件的故障。 在這種情況下，會(huì)計(jì)系統(tǒng)無法正確計(jì)算每個(gè)持有人或公司的數(shù)量，這會(huì)給公司或其客戶造成損失。 此故障可能導(dǎo)致產(chǎn)生錯(cuò)誤的信息，也可能導(dǎo)致整個(gè)系統(tǒng)崩潰。

The failure of the Financial Software is not only a threat to the software industry for that failure itself, but it can suffer them even further as it affects the belief of people and if they are not willing to work with such systems, this can be a huge loss for the other companies too.

金融軟件的故障不僅會(huì)對軟件行業(yè)本身造成威脅，而且還可能使他們遭受更大的打擊，因?yàn)檫@會(huì)影響人們的信念，如果他們不愿意使用這樣的系統(tǒng)，這可能是一個(gè)威脅。對其他公司來說也是巨大的損失。

翻譯自: https://www.includehelp.com/basics/some-major-software-failures.aspx

軟件故障

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