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Spring MVC+Ant+Tomcat+Eclipse最简单的demo

發布時間：2023/12/1 javascript 29 豆豆

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第一步是Java的Web環境搭建，下載Eclipse（或者更好的但收費的IDE-IntelliJ Idea，和Resharper一家公司出的），下載Tomcat，下載JDK，下載Spring，注意安裝Tomcat的時候配置一下管理員賬號和密碼（如Tomcat/s3cret），安裝好了Tomcat以后應該可以在瀏覽器訪問這個地址：http://localhost:8080/（或者其它端口如9090你可以自己制定），點擊里面的manager鏈接可以進入Tomcat管理manager頁面 http://localhost:8080/manager/html：

Eclilpse相關設置

首先是環境變量設置，然后要把tools.jar添加到Eclipse的Ant運行時里面去：window->preferences->ant-> runtime, Global entries, add: external jars: jdk7的安裝路徑/lib/tools.jar。

建立一個Spring MVC的程序+Ant+Tomcat

在Eclipse的java環境下（非JavaEE下）建立一個空的java項目（無需選擇dynamic web project），名字叫springapp，然后加個目錄叫war（便于部署），建立了就是這樣的：

然后在整個項目下添加build.xml(自動用Ant編譯和部署用的，類似makefile，這玩意爽),build.xml內容如下：

1: <?xml version="1.0"?> 2:? 3: <project name="springapp" basedir="." default="usage"> 4: <property file="build.properties"/> 5:? 6: <property name="src.dir" value="src"/> 7: <property name="web.dir" value="war"/> 8: <property name="build.dir" value="${web.dir}/WEB-INF/classes"/> 9: <property name="name" value="springapp"/> 10:? 11: <path id="master-classpath"> 12: <fileset dir="${web.dir}/WEB-INF/lib"> 13: <include name="*.jar"/> 14: </fileset> 15:  16:  17:  18: <fileset dir="${appserver.lib}"> 19: <include name="servlet*.jar"/> 20: </fileset> 21: <pathelement path="${build.dir}"/> 22: </path> 23:? 24: <target name="usage"> 25: <echo message=""/> 26: <echo message="${name} build file"/> 27: <echo message="-----------------------------------"/> 28: <echo message=""/> 29: <echo message="Available targets are:"/> 30: <echo message=""/> 31: <echo message="build --> Build the application"/> 32: <echo message="deploy --> Deploy application as directory"/> 33: <echo message="deploywar --> Deploy application as a WAR file"/> 34: <echo message="install --> Install application in Tomcat"/> 35: <echo message="reload --> Reload application in Tomcat"/> 36: <echo message="start --> Start Tomcat application"/> 37: <echo message="stop --> Stop Tomcat application"/> 38: <echo message="list --> List Tomcat applications"/> 39: <echo message=""/> 40: </target> 41:? 42:  46: 47: <target name="build" description="Compile main source tree java files"> 48: <mkdir dir="${build.dir}"/> 49: <javac destdir="${build.dir}" source="1.5" target="1.5" debug="true" 50: deprecation="false" optimize="false" failonerror="true"> 51: <src path="${src.dir}"/> 52: <classpath refid="master-classpath"/> 53: </javac> 54: </target> 55:? 56: <target name="deploy" depends="build" description="Deploy application"> 57: <copy todir="${deploy.path}/${name}" preservelastmodified="true"> 58: <fileset dir="${web.dir}"> 59: <include name="**/*.*"/> 60: </fileset> 61: </copy> 62: </target> 63:? 64: <target name="deploywar" depends="build" description="Deploy application as a WAR file"> 65: <war destfile="${name}.war" 66: webxml="${web.dir}/WEB-INF/web.xml"> 67: <fileset dir="${web.dir}"> 68: <include name="**/*.*"/> 69: </fileset> 70: </war> 71: <copy todir="${deploy.path}" preservelastmodified="true"> 72: <fileset dir="."> 73: <include name="*.war"/> 74: </fileset> 75: </copy> 76: </target> 77: 78:  79:  80:  81:? 82: <path id="catalina-ant-classpath"> 83:  84:  85: <fileset dir="${appserver.lib}"> 86: <include name="catalina-ant.jar"/> 87: </fileset> 88: </path> 89:? 90: <taskdef name="install" classname="org.apache.catalina.ant.InstallTask"> 91: <classpath refid="catalina-ant-classpath"/> 92: </taskdef> 93: <taskdef name="reload" classname="org.apache.catalina.ant.ReloadTask"> 94: <classpath refid="catalina-ant-classpath"/> 95: </taskdef> 96: <taskdef name="list" classname="org.apache.catalina.ant.ListTask"> 97: <classpath refid="catalina-ant-classpath"/> 98: </taskdef> 99: <taskdef name="start" classname="org.apache.catalina.ant.StartTask"> 100: <classpath refid="catalina-ant-classpath"/> 101: </taskdef> 102: <taskdef name="stop" classname="org.apache.catalina.ant.StopTask"> 103: <classpath refid="catalina-ant-classpath"/> 104: </taskdef> 105:? 106: <target name="install" description="Install application in Tomcat"> 107: <install url="${tomcat.manager.url}" 108: username="${tomcat.manager.username}" 109: password="${tomcat.manager.password}" 110: path="/${name}" 111: war="${name}"/> 112: </target> 113:? 114: <target name="reload" description="Reload application in Tomcat"> 115: <reload url="${tomcat.manager.url}" 116: username="${tomcat.manager.username}" 117: password="${tomcat.manager.password}" 118: path="/${name}"/> 119: </target> 120:? 121: <target name="start" description="Start Tomcat application"> 122: <start url="${tomcat.manager.url}" 123: username="${tomcat.manager.username}" 124: password="${tomcat.manager.password}" 125: path="/${name}"/> 126: </target> 127:? 128: <target name="stop" description="Stop Tomcat application"> 129: <stop url="${tomcat.manager.url}" 130: username="${tomcat.manager.username}" 131: password="${tomcat.manager.password}" 132: path="/${name}"/> 133: </target> 134:? 135: <target name="list" description="List Tomcat applications"> 136: <list url="${tomcat.manager.url}" 137: username="${tomcat.manager.username}" 138: password="${tomcat.manager.password}"/> 139: </target> 140:? 141:  142:? 143: </project>

在整個項目下添加build.properties（這個是給build.xml配置環境變量的。直接拿過來運行的朋友，這里面的內容記得需要修改為你本地的路徑哦！！）

1: # Ant properties for building the springapp 2:? 3: appserver.home=C:/Program Files/Apache Software Foundation/Tomcat 6.0 4: # for Tomcat 5 use $appserver.home}/server/lib 5: # for Tomcat 6 use $appserver.home}/lib 6: appserver.lib=${appserver.home}/lib 7:? 8: deploy.path=${appserver.home}/webapps 9:? 10: tomcat.manager.url=http://localhost:8080/manager/html 11: tomcat.manager.username=tomcat 12: tomcat.manager.password=s3cret

然后添加一個controller，在src下添加一個java文件，輸入package為：net.spring.controller。這個controller的意思我想懂得mvc的人懂的。

1: package net.spring.controller; 2:? 3: import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller; 4: import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping; 5: import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView; 6:? 7: @Controller 8: public class HelloWorldController { 9:? 10: @RequestMapping("/hello") 11: public ModelAndView helloWorld() { 12:? 13: String message = "Hello World, Spring 3.1.1 Release!"; 14: System.out.println(message); 15: return new ModelAndView("hello", "message", message); 16: } 17:? 18: }

接著工作在war目錄下。首先加個index.jsp

1: <html> 2: <head><title>Example :: Spring Application</title></head> 3: <body> 4: <h1>Example - Spring Application</h1> 5: <p>This is my test.</p> 6: <p><a href="hello.html">Say Hello</a></p> 7: </body> 8: </html>

然后加個目錄WEB-INF。里面加一個文件web.xml（這個文件很重要，是web項目最重要的配置文件）(有關Servlet，這個是java web的核心概念。)

1: <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> 2:? 3: <web-app version="2.4" 4: xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee" 5: xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" 6: xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee 7: http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee/web-app_2_4.xsd" > 8:? 9: <display-name>Spring3MVC</display-name> 10: <servlet> 11: <servlet-name>springapp</servlet-name> 12: <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class> 13: <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup> 14: </servlet> 15:? 16: <servlet-mapping> 17: <servlet-name>springapp</servlet-name> 18: <url-pattern>*.html</url-pattern> 19: </servlet-mapping> 20: 21: <welcome-file-list> 22: <welcome-file> 23: index.jsp 24: </welcome-file> 25: </welcome-file-list> 26:? 27: </web-app>

加一個文件srpingapp-servlet.xml

1: <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> 2: <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" 3: xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" 4: xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p" 5: xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" 6: xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans 7: http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd 8: http://www.springframework.org/schema/context 9: http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd"> 10: 11: <context:component-scan base-package="net.spring.controller" /> 12: 13:  14:  15: 16: <bean id="viewResolver" 17: class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.UrlBasedViewResolver"> 18: <property name="viewClass" 19: value="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.JstlView" /> 20: <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/" /> 21: <property name="suffix" value=".jsp" /> 22: </bean> 23: </beans>

在WEB-INF加兩個目錄：jsp和lib。首先復制引用的jar包，例如Spring的jar，然后在lib目錄上粘貼，要引用這些jar：

然后右鍵選擇項目屬性，Build path… Configure build path. Libraries – > add jars…把這些lib下面的jar加入引用。

說一下目錄結構：通常，src存放Java源文件，classes存放編譯后的class文件，lib存放編譯和運行用到的所有jar文件，web存放JSP等web文件，dist存放打包后的jar文件，doc存放API文檔。

在jsp目錄下添加include.jsp:

1: <%@ page session="false"%> 2: <%@ taglib prefix="c" uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" %> 3: <%@ taglib prefix="fmt" uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/fmt" %>

添加hello.jsp，注意里面用了Model里面的：message

1: <%@ include file="/WEB-INF/jsp/include.jsp" %> 2:? 3: <html> 4: <head><title>Hello :: Spring Application</title></head> 5: <body> 6: <h1>Hello - Spring Application</h1> 7: <p>Greetings.</p> 8: <p>Message: <c:out value="${message}"/></p> 9: </body> 10: </html>

Ant編譯和自動部署到Tomcat

為了讓Eclipse用我們的Ant編譯和build.xml文件，需要設置一下Eclipse：項目屬性，Builders，把java builder去掉勾，然后New…一個，選擇Ant builder….，然后選擇build.xml，如圖：

確定了以后，點擊菜單 project –> Build all … 自動Ant編譯：

1: Buildfile: C:\Users\GatesBill\workspace\springapp\build.xml 2:? 3: usage: 4: [echo] springapp build file 5: [echo] ----------------------------------- 6: [echo] Available targets are: 7: [echo] build --> Build the application 8: [echo] deploy --> Deploy application as directory 9: [echo] deploywar --> Deploy application as a WAR file 10: [echo] install --> Install application in Tomcat 11: [echo] reload --> Reload application in Tomcat 12: [echo] start --> Start Tomcat application 13: [echo] stop --> Stop Tomcat application 14: [echo] list --> List Tomcat applications 15: BUILD SUCCESSFUL 16: Total time: 989 milliseconds

看了一下源碼，果然已經編譯好了：

但是沒有自動部署到Tomcat的webapps里面，我們需要運行Ant deploy：在項目屬性，Builders，選擇剛才我們新建的那個Ant編譯，選擇edit，然后里面Argument的地方輸入deploy，然后Apply，OK。再次編譯，就自動部署Tomcat了：

1: Buildfile: C:\Users\GatesBill\workspace\springapp\build.xml 2:? 3: build: 4: [javac] Compiling 1 source file to C:\Users\GatesBill\workspace\springapp\war\WEB-INF\classes 5: [javac] warning: [options] bootstrap class path not set in conjunction with -source 1.5 6: [javac] 1 warning 7:? 8: deploy: 9: [copy] Copying 11 files to C:\Program Files\Apache Software Foundation\Tomcat 6.0\webapps\springapp 10: BUILD SUCCESSFUL 11: Total time: 4 seconds

也可以用命令行的方式執行Ant編譯（這樣我們可以另外寫一個deploy的bat腳本，非常方便），不過要首先到computer – properties – advanced - 環境變量，添加下列環境變量：

ANT_HOME=＜Ant解壓目錄，通常在Eclipse的plugin目錄下＞，Path=…;%ANT_HOME%\bin

然后打開command（如果在win7下，可能需要提升administration 權限），轉到springapp目錄為當前目錄，然后執行ant deploy 即可，如下圖：

到Tomcat的目錄下webapps一看，果然有了springapp，然后在瀏覽器打開Tomcat的manager：http://localhost:8080/manager/html，點擊我們的網站springapp，有了：

點擊say hello，鏈接到：http://localhost:8080/springapp/hello.html

上面這個message是從controller傳給model的。

Build Error: taskdef class org.apache.catalina.ant.InstallTask cannot be found

如果得到這個錯誤，一般是因為安裝的Tomcat 7而不是Tomcat 6.0，因為在Tomcat 7.0下面要修改下build.xml：

1?<taskdef?name="install"?classname="org.apache.catalina.ant.InstallTask">
2?????????<classpath?refid="catalina-ant-classpath"/>
3?</taskdef>

要改成：

1?<taskdef?name="install"?classname="org.apache.catalina.ant.DeployTask">
2?????????<classpath?refid="catalina-ant-classpath"/>
3?</taskdef>

總結

用Ant編譯和部署到Tomcat還是非常爽的，過程很流暢。喜歡這種感覺。

轉載于:https://www.cnblogs.com/Mainz/archive/2012/04/14/2447786.html

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