如何在linux suse中配置NTP服務(wù)器？

在suse上配置ntp

$vim /etc/ntp.conf

#增加時(shí)間源

server 192.168.56.1

$chkconfig ntp on # 在系統(tǒng)重啟時(shí)啟動(dòng)服務(wù)

$service ntp start # 啟動(dòng)ntp

$service ntp status # 查看ntp狀態(tài)

問題：

1）為什么在故意改了一個(gè)錯(cuò)誤的時(shí)間，ntpd沒有更新時(shí)間？

如果差異很大，需要重新doing an Initial Synchronization，If the time on the local server is very different from that of its primary time server your NTP daemon will eventually terminate itself leaving an error message in the /var/log/messages file. You should run the ntpdate -u command to force your server to become instantly synchronized with its NTP servers before starting the NTP daemon for the first time. The ntpdate command doesn't run continuously in the background, you will still have to run the ntpd daemon to get continuous NTP updates.

2）/etc/ntp.conf中選擇主NTP Server

選擇了哪個(gè)server做為主server是按stratum的大小決定的？應(yīng)該不是，由ntp的算法決定，如在virtualbox中的suse怎么樣都無法選擇外部時(shí)鐘源，ntpd在幾次poll time后算法就決定使用local源，郁悶啊。由于是虛擬機(jī)中運(yùn)行，時(shí)鐘和cpu的頻率有關(guān)系，跳得比真實(shí)的硬件快，在virtaulbox中ntp的算法認(rèn)為local源比外部源更準(zhǔn)確就使用了local的，解決的方法可以去掉local源，只使用外部源或者在crontab中每分鐘執(zhí)行一次ntpdate了。

即使把本機(jī)的stratum設(shè)置為比外部源更高的，過了一段時(shí)間以后，virtualbox中的suse還是選擇了local，郁悶again

fudge 127.127.1.0 stratum 12 # not disciplined

remote refid st t when poll reach delay offset jitter

==============================================================================

LOCAL(0) .LOCL. 15 l 9 64 1 0.000 0.000 0.002

192.168.56.1 139.114.32.134 14 u 8 64 1 3.739 -53.045 0.002

注意最開始的時(shí)候，ip地址前面是沒有符號(hào)的，poll幾次以后ntp就會(huì)選擇一個(gè)主時(shí)間源，前面帶 * 號(hào)標(biāo)識(shí)。

3）windows上的ntp server配置

官方ntp.org推薦的win上的ntp server，http://www.meinberg.de/german/sw/ntp.htm

3）如何知道ntp的運(yùn)行狀態(tài)

使用ntpq命令

$watch ntpq -p # 可以使用watch命令來查看一段時(shí)間內(nèi)服務(wù)器各項(xiàng)數(shù)值的變化

使用ntpq命令查看與您同步的服務(wù)器. 它提供你一份時(shí)間服務(wù)器配置清單，包括延誤值(delay)，偏差值(offset)和抖動(dòng)值(jitter). 為了能正確同步，延遲值和偏移值應(yīng)該不為零,抖動(dòng)值(jitter)應(yīng)小于100 .

$/usr/local/ntp/bin/ntpq -p

顯示如下：

remote refid st t when poll reach delay offset jitter

========================================================

time.nist.gov .ACTS. 1 u 1606 1024 22 357.845 334.375 71.122

*LOCAL(0) .LOCL. 10 l 11 64 377 0.000 0.000 0.001

ntpq -p 可以列出目前我們的NTP與相關(guān)的上層NTP的狀態(tài)，幾個(gè)字段的意義為：

remote：亦即是 NTP 主機(jī)的 IP 或主機(jī)名稱啰～注意最左邊的符號(hào)，http://www.ece.udel.edu/~mills/ntp/html/decode.html#peer

*

它告訴我們遠(yuǎn)端的服務(wù)器已經(jīng)被確認(rèn)為我們的主NTP Server,我們系統(tǒng)的時(shí)間將由這臺(tái)機(jī)器所提供

+

它將作為輔助的NTP Server和帶有*號(hào)的服務(wù)器一起為我們提供同步服務(wù). 當(dāng)*號(hào)服務(wù)器不可用時(shí)它就可以接管

-

遠(yuǎn)程服務(wù)器被clustering algorithm認(rèn)為是不合格的NTP Server

x

遠(yuǎn)程服務(wù)器不可用

refid：參考的上一層 NTP 主機(jī)的地址

st：stratum 階層

when：幾秒鐘前曾經(jīng)做過時(shí)間同步化更新的動(dòng)作；

poll：下一次更新在幾秒鐘之后；

reach：已經(jīng)向上層 NTP 服務(wù)器要求更新的次數(shù)

delay：網(wǎng)絡(luò)傳輸過程當(dāng)中延遲的時(shí)間，單位為 10^(-6) 秒

offset：時(shí)間補(bǔ)償?shù)慕Y(jié)果，單位與 10^(-6) 秒

jitter：Linux 系統(tǒng)時(shí)間與 BIOS 硬件時(shí)間的差異時(shí)間， 單位為 10^(-6) 秒。

也可以檢查一下BIOS時(shí)間與Linux系統(tǒng)時(shí)間的差異，就是/var/lib/ntp/drift的內(nèi)容，就能了解到Linux系統(tǒng)時(shí)間與BIOS硬件時(shí)鐘到底差多久？單位為 10^(-6) 秒

下面的從http://www.meinberg.de/english/info/ntp.htm上摘下來的，詳細(xì)說明了ntpq -p輸出的每個(gè)列的意思，reach列為377表示前8次同步都成功。

Checking the NTP Status

The command line utility ntpq can be used to check the status of a NTP daemon on either the local machine or on a remote host.

ntpq can be run in an interactive mode or in batch mode. In batch mode, ntpq executes a command and returns to the command prompt. The parameter -p ('peers') lets ntpq print the status of a NTP daemon. Enter

ntpq -p

to display the status of the daemon on the local machine, or

ntpq -p ntp_server

to display the status of the daemon on the remote host ntp_server. The command should print a table with one status line for each reference time source which has been configured for the NTP daemon on the specified host:

remote refid st t when poll reach delay offset jitter

=======================================================================

LOCAL(0) LOCAL(0) 12 l 30 64 377 0.000 0.000 0.000

*GENERIC(0) .DCFa. 0 - 24 64 377 0.000 0.050 0.003

+172.16.3.103 .PPS. 1 u 36 64 377 1.306 -0.019 0.043

The table above shows the output for a NTP daemon which has 3 reference time sources: its own local clock, a DCF77 radio clock as refclock-0, plus an NTP daemon on the network, with IP address 172.16.3.103.

If the first character of a line is not blank then it contains a qualifier for the corresponding reference time source. Immediately after the daemon has been started all qualifiers are blank. The NTP daemon needs several polling cycles to check the available time sources and declare one of them as the reference it synchronizes to.

An asterisk * in the first column marks the reference time source which is currently preferred by the NTP daemon, the + character marks high quality candidates for the reference time which could be used if the currently selected reference time source should become unavailable.

The column remote displays the IP address or the host name of the reference time source, where LOCAL refers to the local clock. The refid shows the type of the reference clock, where e.g. LOCAL or LCL refers to the local clockagain, .DCFa. refers to a standard DCF77 time source, and .PPS. indicates that the reference clock is disciplined by a hardware pulse-per-second signal. Other identifiers are possible, depending on the type of the reference clock.

The column st reflects the stratum number of the reference time source. In the example above, the local clock has stratum 12, the remote time server at 172.16.3.103 has stratum 1 which is the best you can see across the network, and the local radio clock has stratum 0, so the radio clock is currently being preferred.

Every time a when count reaches the poll number in the same line, the NTP daemon queries the time from the corresponding time source and resets the when count to 0. The query results of each polling cycle are filtered and used as a measure for the clock's quality and reachability.

The column reach shows if a reference time source could be reached at the last polling intervals, i.e. data could be read from the reference time source, and the reference time source was synchronized. The value must be interpreted as an 8 bit shift register whose contents is for historical reasons displayed as octal values. If the NTP daemon has just been started, the value is 0. Each time a query was successful a '1' is shifted in from the right, so after the daemon has been started the sequence of reach numbers is 0, 1, 3, 7, 17, 37, 77, 177, 377. The maximum value 377 means that the eight last queries were completed successfully.

Queries are considered successful if data can be received from the time source, and the time source in turn claims to be synchronized to some other timesource. In case of a hardware reference clock this means the query considered unsuccessful if the hardware reference clock is not synchronized to its incoming time signal, e.g. because the clock's antenna has been disconnected, or if no data can be received e.g. because the serial cable to an external device has been disconnected.

The NTP daemon must have reached a reference time source several times (reach not 0) before it selects a preferred time source and puts an asterisk in the first column.

The columns delay, offset and jitter show some timing values which are derived from the query results. In some versions of ntpq the last column is labeled disp (for dispersion) instead of jitter. All values are in in milliseconds. The delay value is derived from the roundtrip time of the queries. The offset value shows the difference between the reference time and the system clock. The jitter value indicates the magnitude of jitter between several time queries.

Howlong怎么造句簡(jiǎn)單？

1.How long have you been living in this country?你在這個(gè)國(guó)家居住多久啦？

2.How long can a human being go without sleep?人不睡覺能活多久？

3.How long have you been in your present job?你干現(xiàn)在這工作多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間了？

4.How long is the river?這條河有多長(zhǎng)？

5.How long have you been employed at this job?你受雇做這個(gè)工作有多久了？

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