?轉(zhuǎn)自：http://blog.csdn.net/skeeee/article/details/13297457?

OpenCV圖像像素操作及效率分析

? ? ? ? 在計(jì)算機(jī)視覺應(yīng)用中，對(duì)于圖像內(nèi)容的讀取分析是第一步，所以學(xué)習(xí)高效的處理圖像是很有用的。一個(gè)圖像有可能包含數(shù)以萬計(jì)的像素，從根本上說圖像就是一系列像素值，所以O(shè)penCV使用數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)cv::Mat來表示圖像。矩陣中每一個(gè)元素都代表一個(gè)像素，對(duì)于灰度圖像，像素用8位無符號(hào)數(shù)，0表示黑色，255表示白色。對(duì)于彩色像素而言，每個(gè)像素需要三位這樣的8位無符號(hào)數(shù)來表示，即三個(gè)通道（R,G,B），矩陣則依次存儲(chǔ)一個(gè)像素的三個(gè)通道的值，然后再存儲(chǔ)下一個(gè)像素點(diǎn)。

? ? ? ?cv::Mat中，成員變量cols代表圖像的寬度（圖像的列數(shù)），成員變量rows代表圖像的高度（圖像的行數(shù)），step代表以字節(jié)為單位的圖像的有效寬度，elemSize返回像素的大小，像素的大小 = 顏色大小（字節(jié)）*通道數(shù)，比如三通道short型矩陣（CV_16SC3）的大小為2*3 = 6，像素的channels方法返回圖像的通道數(shù)，total函數(shù)返回圖像的像素?cái)?shù)。

? ? ? ?閑話少說直接介紹幾種讀取方式：

? ? ? ?RGB圖像的顏色數(shù)目是256*256*256，本文對(duì)圖像進(jìn)行量化，縮減顏色數(shù)目到256的1/8（即32*32*32）為目標(biāo)，分別利用一下幾種方法實(shí)現(xiàn)，比較幾種方法的安全和效率。

? ? ? ?1.ptr遍歷圖像

? ? ? ?cv::Mat中提供ptr函數(shù)訪問任意一行像素的首地址，特別方便圖像的一行一行的橫向訪問，如果需要一列一列的縱向訪問圖像，就稍微麻煩一點(diǎn)。但是ptr訪問效率比較高，程序也比較安全，有越界判斷。

[cpp]?view plain?copy ?

int?nl=?image.rows;?//行數(shù)??

int?nc=?image.cols?*?image.channels();?//?每行的元素個(gè)數(shù)，每行的像素?cái)?shù)*顏色通道數(shù)（RGB?=?3）??

??????????

for?(int?j=0;?j<nl;?j++)?{??

????uchar*?data=?image.ptr<uchar>(j);??

????for?(int?i=0;?i<nc;?i++)?{???

??????//?process?each?pixel?---------------------????????????????

?????????data[i]=?data[i]/div*div?+?div/2;??

??????//?end?of?pixel?processing?----------------??

????}?//?end?of?line?????????????????????

}??

? ?? 也可以使用：

[cpp]?view plain?copy ?

????for?(int?j=0;?j<nl;?j++)?{??

?uchar*?data=?image.ptr<uchar>(j);??

????????for?(int?i=0;?i<nc;?i++)?{??

??????????//?process?each?pixel?---------------------?????????????????

*data++=?*data/div*div?+?div/2;??

??????????//?end?of?pixel?processing?----------------??

??????????}?//?end?of?line?????????????????????

????}??

? ?

2.使用迭代器遍歷圖像

? ? ?cv::Mat 同樣有標(biāo)準(zhǔn)模板庫(kù)（STL），可以使用迭代器訪問數(shù)據(jù)。

? ? ?用迭代器來遍歷圖像像素，可簡(jiǎn)化過程降低出錯(cuò)的機(jī)會(huì)，比較安全，不過效率較低；如果想避免修改輸入圖像實(shí)例cv::Mat，可采用const_iterator。iterator有兩種調(diào)用方法，cv::MatIterator_<cv::Vec3b> it;cv::Mat_<cv::Vec3b>::iterator it;中間cv::Vec3b是因?yàn)閳D像是彩色圖像，3通道，cv::Vec3b可以代表一個(gè)像素。

[cpp]?view plain?copy ?

//?get?iterators??

??????cv::Mat_<cv::Vec3b>::iterator?it=?image.begin<cv::Vec3b>();??

??????cv::Mat_<cv::Vec3b>::iterator?itend=?image.end<cv::Vec3b>();??

??

??????for?(?;?it!=?itend;?++it)?{??

??????????

????????//?process?each?pixel?---------------------??

??

????????(*it)[0]=?(*it)[0]/div*div?+?div/2;??

????????(*it)[1]=?(*it)[1]/div*div?+?div/2;??

????????(*it)[2]=?(*it)[2]/div*div?+?div/2;??

??

????????//?end?of?pixel?processing?----------------??

??????}??

?3.at方法遍歷

? ? ? cv::Mat也是向量，可以使at方法取值，使用調(diào)用方法image.at<cv::Vec3b>(j,i)，at方法方便，直接給i，j賦值就可以隨意訪問圖像中任何一個(gè)像素，其中j表示第j行，i表示該行第i個(gè)像素。但是at方法效率是這3中訪問方法中最慢的一個(gè)，所以如果遍歷圖像或者訪問像素比較多時(shí)，建議不要使用這個(gè)方法，畢竟程序的效率還是比程序的可讀性要重要的。下面是完整的調(diào)用方法，其運(yùn)行時(shí)間在下面會(huì)介紹。

[cpp]?view plain?copy ?

int?nl=?image.rows;?//?number?of?lines??

int?nc=?image.cols;?//?number?of?columns??

?????????????

???for?(int?j=0;?j<nl;?j++)?{??

???????for?(int?i=0;?i<nc;?i++)?{??

??

?????????//?process?each?pixel?---------------------??

????????????????

???????????????image.at<cv::Vec3b>(j,i)[0]=????image.at<cv::Vec3b>(j,i)[0]/div*div?+?div/2;??

???????????????image.at<cv::Vec3b>(j,i)[1]=????image.at<cv::Vec3b>(j,i)[1]/div*div?+?div/2;??

???????????????image.at<cv::Vec3b>(j,i)[2]=????image.at<cv::Vec3b>(j,i)[2]/div*div?+?div/2;??

??

?????????//?end?of?pixel?processing?----------------??

??

?????????}?//?end?of?line?????????????????????

???}??

[cpp]?view plain?copy ?

??

??4.row（i），col(i)

? ? ? ?cv::Mat提供image.row(i)，和image.col(j)對(duì)圖像整行和整列進(jìn)行處理，處理比較方便，因?yàn)楹苌儆龅?#xff0c;所以就沒有進(jìn)行效率比較

? 程序代碼如下（三通道）：

[cpp]?view plain?copy ?

result.row(0).setTo(cv::Scalar(0,0,0));//將第一行數(shù)據(jù)設(shè)為零??

????result.row(result.rows-1).setTo(cv::Scalar(0,0,0));//將最后一行數(shù)據(jù)設(shè)置為零??

????result.col(0).setTo(cv::Scalar(0,0,0));//將第一列數(shù)據(jù)設(shè)為零??

????result.col(result.cols-1).setTo(cv::Scalar(0,0,0));//將最后一列數(shù)據(jù)設(shè)為零??

5.高效率圖像遍歷循環(huán)

? ? ? ?對(duì)于迭代的for循環(huán)，外面一層的循環(huán)次數(shù)越少速度越快，同樣是cols*rows*channels()次循環(huán)，使用nc = cols，nl = rows*channels()，與使用nc = cols*rows*channels，nl = 1，以及nc = cols，nl = rows，for函數(shù)最里層運(yùn)行三次顏色的處理。這三種方法最快的是第二種，第三種其次，最慢的是第一種. ?

[cpp]?view plain?copy ?

int?nl=?image.rows;?//?number?of?lines??

int?nc=?image.cols?*?image.channels();?//?total?number?of?elements?per?line??

??

if?(image.isContinuous())??{??

?//?then?no?padded?pixels??

?nc=?nc*nl;???

?nl=?1;??//?it?is?now?a?1D?array??

?}??

??

int?n=?static_cast<int>(log(static_cast<double>(div))/log(2.0));??

//?mask?used?to?round?the?pixel?value??

uchar?mask=?0xFF<<n;?//?e.g.?for?div=16,?mask=?0xF0??

?????????????

???for?(int?j=0;?j<nl;?j++)?{??

??

?uchar*?data=?image.ptr<uchar>(j);??

??

???????for?(int?i=0;?i<nc;?i++)?{??

??

?????????//?process?each?pixel?---------------------??

????????????????

?????????*data++=?*data&mask?+?div/2;??

??

?????????//?end?of?pixel?processing?----------------??

??

?????????}?//?end?of?line?????????????????????

???}??

???6.位運(yùn)算代替乘法和除法

[cpp]?view plain?copy ?

???????int?nl=?image.rows;?//?number?of?lines??

int?nc=?image.cols?*?image.channels();?//?total?number?of?elements?per?line??

int?n=?static_cast<int>(log(static_cast<double>(div))/log(2.0));??

//?mask?used?to?round?the?pixel?value??

uchar?mask=?0xFF<<n;?//?e.g.?for?div=16,?mask=?0xF0??

?????????????

???for?(int?j=0;?j<nl;?j++)?{??

??

?uchar*?data=?image.ptr<uchar>(j);??

??

???????for?(int?i=0;?i<nc;?i++)?{??

??

?????????//?process?each?pixel?---------------------??

????????????????

?????????*data++=?*data&mask?+?div/2;??

??

?????????//?end?of?pixel?processing?----------------??

??

?????????}?//?end?of?line?????????????????????

???}??

運(yùn)行時(shí)間比較，以測(cè)試圖片為例，（Debug模式下的時(shí)間）

? ?ptr函數(shù)的兩種方法的時(shí)間：
? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? using .ptr and [] = 3.50202ms
? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? using .ptr and * ++ = 3.26124ms
? ?迭代器方法：
? ? ? ? ? ? ? using Mat_ iterator = 143.06ms
? ?at方法的運(yùn)行時(shí)間：
? ? ? ? ? ? ?using at = 252.779ms
? ?高效率迭代方法:
? ? ? ? ? ? using .ptr and * ++ and bitwise (continuous) = 2.68335ms
? ?位運(yùn)算方法：

? ? ? ? ? ? using .ptr and * ++ and bitwise =2.59823ms

還有一些比較的函數(shù)方法，現(xiàn)在只給出運(yùn)行時(shí)間：
? ? ? ? ?using .ptr and * ++ and modulo =3.78029ms
? ? ? ? ?using .ptr and * ++ and bitwise =2.59823ms
? ? ? ? ?using direct pointer arithmetic =2.57317ms
? ? ? ? ?using .ptr and * ++ and bitwise with image.cols * image.channels() =22.864ms
? ? ? ? ?using Mat_ iterator and bitwise =139.92ms
? ? ? ? ?using MatIterator_ =185.996ms
? ? ? ? using .ptr and * ++ and bitwise (continuous+channels) =2.11271ms
? ? ? ? ?using input/output images =2.97717ms
? ? ? ? ?using overloaded operators =2.7237ms

源圖像：

量化處理結(jié)果 image1：

量化處理后的結(jié)果 image2：

附：OpenCV數(shù)據(jù)類型列表?

class ?	cv::_InputArray
?	This is the proxy class for passing read-only input arrays into OpenCV functions.?More...
?
class ?	cv::_InputOutputArray
?
class ?	cv::_OutputArray
?	This type is very similar to InputArray except that it is used for input/output and output function parameters.?More...
?
class ?	cv::Algorithm
?	This is a base class for all more or less complex algorithms in OpenCV.?More...
?
class ?	cv::Complex< _Tp >
?	A complex number class.?More...
?
class ?	cv::DataDepth< _Tp >
?	A helper class for?cv::DataType.?More...
?
class ?	cv::DataType< _Tp >
?	Template "trait" class for OpenCV primitive data types.?More...
?
class ?	cv::DMatch
?	Class for matching keypoint descriptors.?More...
?
class ?	cv::Formatted
?
class ?	cv::Formatter
?
class ?	cv::KeyPoint
?	Data structure for salient point detectors.?More...
?
class ?	cv::Mat
?	n-dimensional dense array class?More...
?
class ?	cv::Mat_< _Tp >
?	Template matrix class derived from?Mat.?More...
?
class ?	cv::MatAllocator
?	Custom array allocator.?More...
?
class ?	cv::MatCommaInitializer_< _Tp >
?	Comma-separated Matrix Initializer.?More...
?
class ?	cv::MatConstIterator
?
class ?	cv::MatConstIterator_< _Tp >
?	Matrix read-only iterator.?More...
?
class ?	cv::MatExpr
?	Matrix expression representation.?More...
?
class ?	cv::MatIterator_< _Tp >
?	Matrix read-write iterator.?More...
?
class ?	cv::MatOp
?
struct ?	cv::MatSize
?
struct ?	cv::MatStep
?
class ?	cv::Matx< _Tp, m, n >
?	Template class for small matrices whose type and size are known at compilation time.?More...
?
class ?	cv::MatxCommaInitializer< _Tp, m, n >
?	Comma-separated Matrix Initializer.?More...
?
class ?	cv::NAryMatIterator
?	n-ary multi-dimensional array iterator.?More...
?
struct ?	cv::Param
?
struct ?	cv::ParamType< _Tp >
?
struct ?	cv::ParamType< Algorithm >
?
struct ?	cv::ParamType< bool >
?
struct ?	cv::ParamType< double >
?
struct ?	cv::ParamType< float >
?
struct ?	cv::ParamType< Mat >
?
struct ?	cv::ParamType< std::vector< Mat > >
?
struct ?	cv::ParamType< String >
?
struct ?	cv::ParamType< uchar >
?
struct ?	cv::ParamType< uint64 >
?
struct ?	cv::ParamType< unsigned >
?
class ?	cv::Point3_< _Tp >
?	Template class for 3D points specified by its coordinates?x,?y?and?z.?More...
?
class ?	cv::Point_< _Tp >
?	Template class for 2D points specified by its coordinates?x?and?y.?More...
?
struct ?	cv::Ptr< T >
?	Template class for smart pointers with shared ownership.?More...
?
class ?	cv::Range
?	Template class specifying a continuous subsequence (slice) of a sequence.?More...
?
class ?	cv::Rect_< _Tp >
?	Template class for 2D rectangles.?More...
?
class ?	cv::RotatedRect
?	The class represents rotated (i.e. not up-right) rectangles on a plane.?More...
?
class ?	cv::Scalar_< _Tp >
?	Template class for a 4-element vector derived from?Vec.?More...
?
class ?	cv::Size_< _Tp >
?	Template class for specifying the size of an image or rectangle.?More...
?
class ?	cv::SparseMat
?	The class?SparseMat?represents multi-dimensional sparse numerical arrays.?More...
?
class ?	cv::SparseMat_< _Tp >
?	Template sparse n-dimensional array class derived from?SparseMat.?More...
?
class ?	cv::SparseMatConstIterator
?	Read-Only Sparse Matrix Iterator.?More...
?
class ?	cv::SparseMatConstIterator_< _Tp >
?	Template Read-Only Sparse Matrix Iterator Class.?More...
?
class ?	cv::SparseMatIterator
?	Read-write Sparse Matrix Iterator.?More...
?
class ?	cv::SparseMatIterator_< _Tp >
?	Template Read-Write Sparse Matrix Iterator Class.?More...
?
class ?	cv::String
?
class ?	cv::TermCriteria
?	The class defining termination criteria for iterative algorithms.?More...
?
class ?	cv::TypeDepth< _depth >
?
class ?	cv::TypeDepth< CV_16S >
?
class ?	cv::TypeDepth< CV_16U >
?
class ?	cv::TypeDepth< CV_32F >
?
class ?	cv::TypeDepth< CV_32S >
?
class ?	cv::TypeDepth< CV_64F >
?
class ?	cv::TypeDepth< CV_8S >
?
class ?	cv::TypeDepth< CV_8U >
?
class ?	cv::UMat
?
struct ?	cv::UMatData
?
struct ?	cv::UMatDataAutoLock
?
class ?	cv::Vec< _Tp, cn >
?	Template class for short numerical vectors, a partial case of?Matx.?More...
?
class ?	cv::VecCommaInitializer< _Tp, m >
?	Comma-separated?Vec?Initializer.?More...
?

Typedefs
typedef?Complex< double >?	cv::Complexd
?
typedef?Complex< float >?	cv::Complexf
?
typedef const?_InputArray?&?	cv::InputArray
?
typedef?InputArray?	cv::InputArrayOfArrays
?
typedef const?_InputOutputArray?&?	cv::InputOutputArray
?
typedef?InputOutputArray?	cv::InputOutputArrayOfArrays
?
typedef?Mat_<?uchar?>?	cv::Mat1b
?
typedef?Mat_< double >?	cv::Mat1d
?
typedef?Mat_< float >?	cv::Mat1f
?
typedef?Mat_< int >?	cv::Mat1i
?
typedef?Mat_< short >?	cv::Mat1s
?
typedef?Mat_<?ushort?>?	cv::Mat1w
?
typedef?Mat_<?Vec2b?>?	cv::Mat2b
?
typedef?Mat_<?Vec2d?>?	cv::Mat2d
?
typedef?Mat_<?Vec2f?>?	cv::Mat2f
?
typedef?Mat_<?Vec2i?>?	cv::Mat2i
?
typedef?Mat_<?Vec2s?>?	cv::Mat2s
?
typedef?Mat_<?Vec2w?>?	cv::Mat2w
?
typedef?Mat_<?Vec3b?>?	cv::Mat3b
?
typedef?Mat_<?Vec3d?>?	cv::Mat3d
?
typedef?Mat_<?Vec3f?>?	cv::Mat3f
?
typedef?Mat_<?Vec3i?>?	cv::Mat3i
?
typedef?Mat_<?Vec3s?>?	cv::Mat3s
?
typedef?Mat_<?Vec3w?>?	cv::Mat3w
?
typedef?Mat_<?Vec4b?>?	cv::Mat4b
?
typedef?Mat_<?Vec4d?>?	cv::Mat4d
?
typedef?Mat_<?Vec4f?>?	cv::Mat4f
?
typedef?Mat_<?Vec4i?>?	cv::Mat4i
?
typedef?Mat_<?Vec4s?>?	cv::Mat4s
?
typedef?Mat_<?Vec4w?>?	cv::Mat4w
?
typedef?Matx< double, 1, 2 >?	cv::Matx12d
?
typedef?Matx< float, 1, 2 >?	cv::Matx12f
?
typedef?Matx< double, 1, 3 >?	cv::Matx13d
?
typedef?Matx< float, 1, 3 >?	cv::Matx13f
?
typedef?Matx< double, 1, 4 >?	cv::Matx14d
?
typedef?Matx< float, 1, 4 >?	cv::Matx14f
?
typedef?Matx< double, 1, 6 >?	cv::Matx16d
?
typedef?Matx< float, 1, 6 >?	cv::Matx16f
?
typedef?Matx< double, 2, 1 >?	cv::Matx21d
?
typedef?Matx< float, 2, 1 >?	cv::Matx21f
?
typedef?Matx< double, 2, 2 >?	cv::Matx22d
?
typedef?Matx< float, 2, 2 >?	cv::Matx22f
?
typedef?Matx< double, 2, 3 >?	cv::Matx23d
?
typedef?Matx< float, 2, 3 >?	cv::Matx23f
?
typedef?Matx< double, 3, 1 >?	cv::Matx31d
?
typedef?Matx< float, 3, 1 >?	cv::Matx31f
?
typedef?Matx< double, 3, 2 >?	cv::Matx32d
?
typedef?Matx< float, 3, 2 >?	cv::Matx32f
?
typedef?Matx< double, 3, 3 >?	cv::Matx33d
?
typedef?Matx< float, 3, 3 >?	cv::Matx33f
?
typedef?Matx< double, 3, 4 >?	cv::Matx34d
?
typedef?Matx< float, 3, 4 >?	cv::Matx34f
?
typedef?Matx< double, 4, 1 >?	cv::Matx41d
?
typedef?Matx< float, 4, 1 >?	cv::Matx41f
?
typedef?Matx< double, 4, 3 >?	cv::Matx43d
?
typedef?Matx< float, 4, 3 >?	cv::Matx43f
?
typedef?Matx< double, 4, 4 >?	cv::Matx44d
?
typedef?Matx< float, 4, 4 >?	cv::Matx44f
?
typedef?Matx< double, 6, 1 >?	cv::Matx61d
?
typedef?Matx< float, 6, 1 >?	cv::Matx61f
?
typedef?Matx< double, 6, 6 >?	cv::Matx66d
?
typedef?Matx< float, 6, 6 >?	cv::Matx66f
?
typedef const?_OutputArray?&?	cv::OutputArray
?
typedef?OutputArray?	cv::OutputArrayOfArrays
?
typedef?Point2i?	cv::Point
?
typedef?Point_< double >?	cv::Point2d
?
typedef?Point_< float >?	cv::Point2f
?
typedef?Point_< int >?	cv::Point2i
?
typedef?Point3_< double >?	cv::Point3d
?
typedef?Point3_< float >?	cv::Point3f
?
typedef?Point3_< int >?	cv::Point3i
?
typedef?Rect2i?	cv::Rect
?
typedef?Rect_< double >?	cv::Rect2d
?
typedef?Rect_< float >?	cv::Rect2f
?
typedef?Rect_< int >?	cv::Rect2i
?
typedef?Scalar_< double >?	cv::Scalar
?
typedef?Size2i?	cv::Size
?
typedef?Size_< double >?	cv::Size2d
?
typedef?Size_< float >?	cv::Size2f
?
typedef?Size_< int >?	cv::Size2i
?

Enumerations
enum ?	{? ??cv::ACCESS_READ?=1<<24,? ??cv::ACCESS_WRITE?=1<<25,? ??cv::ACCESS_RW?=3<<24,? ??cv::ACCESS_MASK?=ACCESS_RW,? ??cv::ACCESS_FAST?=1<<26? }
?
enum ?	cv::UMatUsageFlags?{? ??cv::USAGE_DEFAULT?= 0,? ??cv::USAGE_ALLOCATE_HOST_MEMORY?= 1 << 0,? ??cv::USAGE_ALLOCATE_DEVICE_MEMORY?= 1 << 1,? ??cv::USAGE_ALLOCATE_SHARED_MEMORY?= 1 << 2,? ??cv::__UMAT_USAGE_FLAGS_32BIT?= 0x7fffffff? }
?	Usage flags for allocator.?More...
?

Functions
template<typename _Tp , int m>
static double?	cv::determinant?(const?Matx< _Tp, m, m > &a)
?
template<typename T >
Ptr< T >?	cv::makePtr?()
?
template<typename T , typename A1 >
Ptr< T >?	cv::makePtr?(const A1 &a1)
?
template<typename T , typename A1 , typename A2 >
Ptr< T >?	cv::makePtr?(const A1 &a1, const A2 &a2)
?
template<typename T , typename A1 , typename A2 , typename A3 >
Ptr< T >?	cv::makePtr?(const A1 &a1, const A2 &a2, const A3 &a3)
?
template<typename T , typename A1 , typename A2 , typename A3 , typename A4 >
Ptr< T >?	cv::makePtr?(const A1 &a1, const A2 &a2, const A3 &a3, const A4 &a4)
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template<typename T , typename A1 , typename A2 , typename A3 , typename A4 , typename A5 >
Ptr< T >?	cv::makePtr?(const A1 &a1, const A2 &a2, const A3 &a3, const A4 &a4, const A5 &a5)
?
template<typename T , typename A1 , typename A2 , typename A3 , typename A4 , typename A5 , typename A6 >
Ptr< T >?	cv::makePtr?(const A1 &a1, const A2 &a2, const A3 &a3, const A4 &a4, const A5 &a5, const A6 &a6)
?
template<typename T , typename A1 , typename A2 , typename A3 , typename A4 , typename A5 , typename A6 , typename A7 >
Ptr< T >?	cv::makePtr?(const A1 &a1, const A2 &a2, const A3 &a3, const A4 &a4, const A5 &a5, const A6 &a6, const A7 &a7)
?
template<typename T , typename A1 , typename A2 , typename A3 , typename A4 , typename A5 , typename A6 , typename A7 , typename A8 >
Ptr< T >?	cv::makePtr?(const A1 &a1, const A2 &a2, const A3 &a3, const A4 &a4, const A5 &a5, const A6 &a6, const A7 &a7, const A8 &a8)
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template<typename T , typename A1 , typename A2 , typename A3 , typename A4 , typename A5 , typename A6 , typename A7 , typename A8 , typename A9 >
Ptr< T >?	cv::makePtr?(const A1 &a1, const A2 &a2, const A3 &a3, const A4 &a4, const A5 &a5, const A6 &a6, const A7 &a7, const A8 &a8, const A9 &a9)
?
template<typename T , typename A1 , typename A2 , typename A3 , typename A4 , typename A5 , typename A6 , typename A7 , typename A8 , typename A9 , typename A10 >
Ptr< T >?	cv::makePtr?(const A1 &a1, const A2 &a2, const A3 &a3, const A4 &a4, const A5 &a5, const A6 &a6, const A7 &a7, const A8 &a8, const A9 &a9, const A10 &a10)
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InputOutputArray?	cv::noArray?()
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template<typename _Tp , int m, int n>
static double?	cv::norm?(const?Matx< _Tp, m, n > &M)
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template<typename _Tp , int m, int n>
static double?	cv::norm?(const?Matx< _Tp, m, n > &M, int normType)
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template<typename _Tp , int cn>
static?Vec< _Tp, cn >?	cv::normalize?(const?Vec< _Tp, cn > &v)
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template<typename T >
bool?	cv::operator !=?(const?Ptr< T > &ptr1, const?Ptr< T > &ptr2)
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static?String?&?	cv::operator<<?(String?&out,?Ptr<?Formatted?> fmtd)
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static?String?&?	cv::operator<<?(String?&out, const?Mat?&mtx)
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template<typename T >
bool?	cv::operator==?(const?Ptr< T > &ptr1, const?Ptr< T > &ptr2)
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template<typename T >
void?	cv::swap?(Ptr< T > &ptr1,?Ptr< T > &ptr2)
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template<typename _Tp , int m, int n>
static double?	cv::trace?(const?Matx< _Tp, m, n > &a)
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Shorter aliases for the most popular specializations of Vec<T,n>
typedef?Vec<?uchar, 2 >?	cv::Vec2b
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typedef?Vec<?uchar, 3 >?	cv::Vec3b
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typedef?Vec<?uchar, 4 >?	cv::Vec4b
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typedef?Vec< short, 2 >?	cv::Vec2s
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typedef?Vec< short, 3 >?	cv::Vec3s
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typedef?Vec< short, 4 >?	cv::Vec4s
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typedef?Vec<?ushort, 2 >?	cv::Vec2w
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typedef?Vec<?ushort, 3 >?	cv::Vec3w
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typedef?Vec<?ushort, 4 >?	cv::Vec4w
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typedef?Vec< int, 2 >?	cv::Vec2i
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typedef?Vec< int, 3 >?	cv::Vec3i
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typedef?Vec< int, 4 >?	cv::Vec4i
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typedef?Vec< int, 6 >?	cv::Vec6i
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typedef?Vec< int, 8 >?	cv::Vec8i
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typedef?Vec< float, 2 >?	cv::Vec2f
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typedef?Vec< float, 3 >?	cv::Vec3f
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typedef?Vec< float, 4 >?	cv::Vec4f
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typedef?Vec< float, 6 >?	cv::Vec6f
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typedef?Vec< double, 2 >?	cv::Vec2d
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typedef?Vec< double, 3 >?	cv::Vec3d
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typedef?Vec< double, 4 >?	cv::Vec4d
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typedef?Vec< double, 6 >?	cv::Vec6d

http://docs.opencv.org/trunk/dc/d84/group__core__basic.html

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