背景：在自己電腦搭建或測試分布式服務框架時，經(jīng)常會用多個數(shù)據(jù)庫實例模擬多個環(huán)境的情況，因此我把搭建多實例mysql的過程記錄下來，方便互相學習和溝通。

1.搭建環(huán)境

1) mac 電腦，版本?10.15.6

2) mysql版本??8.0.20

2.搭建過程如下

2.1 步驟

1) 官網(wǎng)下載mysql安裝tar包，注意dmg不行

mysql-8.0.20-macos10.15-x86_64.tar.gz

2)解壓及創(chuàng)建mysql包路徑

```

tar-xfv mysql-8.0.20-macos10.15-x86_64.tar.gz

cp -rf mysql-8.0.20-macos10.15-x86_64/*? /usr/local/mysql8.0/

```

3)創(chuàng)建mysql數(shù)據(jù)文件存放路徑mkdir -p??/usr/local/mysql8.0/{3306,3307,3308,3309}/data

##授權用戶組mysql的權限

chown -R mysql:mysql??/usr/local/mysql8.0

##創(chuàng)建日志文件

touch /usr/local/mysql8.0/mysqld_multi.log

4)編輯腳本?my.cnf

vim /etc/my.cnf

###文件內容如下

[mysqld]

user=mysql

basedir =/usr/local/mysql8.0

datadir=/usr/local/mysql8.0/data

[mysqld_multi]

mysqld=/usr/local/mysql8.0/bin/mysqld_safe

mysqladmin=/usr/local/mysql8.0/bin/mysqladmin

log=/usr/local/mysql8.0/mysqld_multi.log

[mysqld3306]

mysqld=mysqld

mysqladmin=mysqladmin

datadir=/usr/local/mysql8.0/3303/data

port=3306

user=mysql

server_id=3306

socket=/tmp/mysql_3306.sock

log-error =/usr/local/mysql8.0/3306/error_3306.log

[mysqld3307]

mysqld=mysqld

mysqladmin=mysqladmin

datadir=/usr/local/mysql8.0/3307/data

port=3307

user=mysql

server_id=3307

socket=/tmp/mysql_3307.sock

log-error =/usr/local/mysql8.0/3307/error_3307.log

[mysqld3308]

mysqld=mysqld

mysqladmin=mysqladmin

datadir=/usr/local/mysql8.0/3308/data

port=3308

user=mysql

server_id=3308

socket=/tmp/mysql_3308.sock

log-error =/usr/local/mysql8.0/3308/error_3308.log

[mysqld3309]

mysqld=mysqld

mysqladmin=mysqladmin

datadir=/usr/local/mysql8.0/3309/data

port=3309

user=mysql

server_id=3309

socket=/tmp/mysql_3309.sock

log-error =/usr/local/mysql8.0/3309/error_3309.log

5)分別初始化3306、3307、3308、3309端口，注意，初始化實例的最后一行記錄了root的初始密碼

/usr/local/mysql8.0/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf --initialize --basedir=/usr/local/mysql8.0/ --datadir=/usr/local/mysql8.0/3307/data

/usr/local/mysql8.0/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf --initialize --basedir=/usr/local/mysql8.0/ --datadir=/usr/local/mysql8.0/3308/data

/usr/local/mysql8.0/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf --initialize --basedir=/usr/local/mysql8.0/ --datadir=/usr/local/mysql8.0/3309/data

6)設置環(huán)境變量

vim ~/.bash_profile

##添加如下配置

export PATH=/usr/local/mysql/bin:$PATH

##生效配置

source??~/.bash_profile

7) mysql命令創(chuàng)建別名，不然后面這三個命令識別不出來 會報錯

alias mysqld=/usr/local/mysql8.0/bin/mysqld

alias mysqld_multi=/usr/local/mysql8.0/bin/mysqld_multi

alias mysqladmin=/usr/local/mysql8/bin/mysqladmin

8) 啟動實例

mysqld_multi --defaults-extra-file=/etc/my.cnf --log=/usr/local/mysql8.0/mysqld_multi.log --user=mysql start 3306

mysqld_multi --defaults-extra-file=/etc/my.cnf? --log=/usr/local/mysql8.0/mysqld_multi.log --user=mysql? start 3307

mysqld_multi --defaults-extra-file=/etc/my.cnf? --log=/usr/local/mysql8.0/mysqld_multi.log --user=mysql? start 3308

mysqld_multi --defaults-extra-file=/etc/my.cnf? --log=/usr/local/mysql8.0/mysqld_multi.log --user=mysql? start 3309

9)驗證實例

mysqld_multi --defaults-extra-file=/etc/my.cnf report

2.2 修改密碼

詳見：

##先登錄

mysql -u root -p -S /tmp/mysql_3307.sock

##修改密碼

ALTER USER USER() IDENTIFIED BY '123456';

exit；

##驗證

附錄圖：

2.3 客戶端連接問題

1.出現(xiàn)Authentication plugin 'caching_sha2_password' 錯誤時，是因登錄密碼級別設置的高了。

2.解決方法：

1)管理員權限運行命令提示符，登陸MySQL

2)修改賬戶密碼加密規(guī)則并更新用戶密碼

ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'password' PASSWORD EXPIRE NEVER;? ?#修改加密規(guī)則

ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED WITH mysql_native_password BY 'password';? ?#更新一下用戶的密碼

3)刷新權限并重置密碼

FLUSH PRIVILEGES;? ?#刷新權限

alter user 'root'@'localhost' identified by '123456'; #再重置下密碼

4)現(xiàn)在再次打開Navicat Premium 12連接MySQL問題數(shù)據(jù)庫就會發(fā)現(xiàn)可以連接成功了

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