編前語:

小編成功在阿里云上搭建Oracle RAC斷斷續續花了1個月的時間，中間的過程簡直是痛苦，網上很多的資料都是基于圖形化界面的，也有靜默模式但是步驟都非常的粗略，可能是寫這樣的步驟太費時間了。這篇文章可以說是從零開始，所有的步驟都有截圖。希望可以幫到大家。如果你是才開始接觸RAC請仔細閱讀文中的每一個字，特別關注里面的一些提示，可以讓你節約很多時間

背景：

公司使用的數據庫目前為Oracle單機模式，為了提高數據的可用性。需要搭建Oracle集群。于是開始在網上搜索，搭建RAC的文章很多，但是大部分都是基于虛擬機的。公司的服務器全部運行在阿里云上，于是借鑒下面大神的文章開始搭建，大神的文章過于豪放，細節沒有覆蓋，所有撰寫這篇博文

參考文檔:

https://yq.aliyun.com/articles/88303

阿里云上創建Oracle RAC-靜默模式二

阿里云上創建Oracle RAC-靜默模式三

阿里云上創建Oracle RAC-靜默模式四

重點:

為了繞開阿里云對于組播的限制，集群中節點的通信利用N2N

步驟:

資源準備

? a. ECS 服務器2臺, CentOS 6.8?x86-64

? b. 阿里云塊存儲2塊?（截至目前，塊存儲還處于公測，需要提交申請開通，本人提交申請以后等了3天，讓后提工單去催的)

? ?20G用于選舉，250G用于數據庫以及Grid安裝

? c. Oracle 以及 Grid安裝文件(版本:11g)，下載地址如下

? ? ?http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/database/enterprise-edition/downloads/112010-linx8664soft-100572.html

? d. N2N軟件

? ? ?https://github.com/ntop/n2n

e. ASM軟件

??http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/server-storage/linux/asmlib/rhel6-1940776.html

1.修改主機名

#vi /etc/sysconfig/network節點1# Created by anacondaNETWORKING=yesHOSTNAME=rac1NETWORKING_IPV6=noPEERNTP=noNOZEROCONF=yes節點2# Created by anacondaNETWORKING=yesHOSTNAME=rac2NETWORKING_IPV6=noPEERNTP=noNOZEROCONF=yes

?2. 安裝Oracle準備，節點規劃完全復制參考文檔里面的

存儲組件和參考文檔有點不同，這個塊存儲以后肯定很貴的，所以生產環境可以根據數據庫大小來配置。我是80*3=240G，所以我申請了250G的共享塊存儲

組件

類型

卷大小

ASM卷組名

ASM 冗余

設備名

OCR/VF

ASM

5G

DG_OCR

NORMAL

/dev/vdb1,/dev/vdb2,/dev/vdb3

數據&歸檔

ASM

80G

DG_DATA

NORMAL

/dev/vdc1,/dev/vdc2,/dev/vdc3

? 塊存儲掛載以后：

Disk /dev/vda: 64.4 GB, 64424509440 bytes, 125829120 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x0008d73a

? ?Device Boot ? ? ?Start ? ? ? ? End ? ? ?Blocks ? Id ?System
/dev/vda1 ? * ? ? ? ?2048 ? 125827071 ? ?62912512 ? 83 ?Linux

Disk /dev/vdb: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes, 41943040 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0xf8683fec

? ?Device Boot ? ? ?Start ? ? ? ? End ? ? ?Blocks ? Id ?System

Disk /dev/vdc: 268.4 GB, 268435456000 bytes, 524288000 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0xdd02467a

? ?Device Boot ? ? ?Start ? ? ? ? End ? ? ?Blocks ? Id ?System

3.安裝N2N軟件

? #將N2N軟件上傳到阿里云服務器

#在兩個節點都要安裝N2Nunzip n2n-master.zip&nbsp;cd n2n-mastermake #如果make 提示openssl出錯，安裝openssl（命令: yum install -y openssl openssl-devel)make PREFIX=/opt/n2n install 安裝完畢后啟動supernode服務(N2N支持兩個supernode，我這里只在節點1上面開啟supernode)nohup /opt/n2n/sbin/supernode -l 65530 & #用其中一個節點來當N2N的supernode,我用的節點1， 節點1/opt/n2n/sbin/edge -d edge0 -a 10.10.10.101 -s 255.255.255.0 -c dtstack -k dtstack -l 172.18.56.21:65530 -E -r #這里的172.18.56.21是我ECS服務器的eth0接口IP，也就是supernode的真實IP,如果你起了兩個supernode可以直接在-l參數里面添加第二個節點，如-l 172.18.56.21:65530,172.18.56.22:65530/opt/n2n/sbin/edge -d edge1 -a 192.168.100.101 -s 255.255.255.0 -c dtstack -k dtstack -l 172.18.56.21:65530 -E -r #配置完成以后節點會多兩個虛擬網卡[root@rac1 n2n-master]# ifconfigedge0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1400 inet 10.10.10.101 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 10.10.10.255 ether 4e:c7:9c:a7:73:95 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet) RX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B) RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0 TX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B) TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0 edge1: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1400 inet 192.168.100.101 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.100.255 ether 46:76:79:d8:1b:eb txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet) RX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B) RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0 TX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B) TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0 eth0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 inet 172.18.56.21 netmask 255.255.240.0 broadcast 172.18.63.255 ether 00:16:3e:08:48:66 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet) RX packets 19861 bytes 24810887 (23.6 MiB) RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0 TX packets 6122 bytes 2000836 (1.9 MiB) TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0 節點2 /opt/n2n/sbin/edge -d edge0 -a 10.10.10.102 -s 255.255.255.0 -c dtstack -k dtstack -l 172.18.56.21:65530 -E -r/opt/n2n/sbin/edge -d edge1 -a 192.168.100.102 -s 255.255.255.0 -c dtstack -k dtstack -l 172.18.56.21:65530 -E -r

4.修改/etc/hosts

節點110.10.10.101 rac110.10.10.102 rac210.10.10.103 rac1-vip10.10.10.104 rac2-vip192.168.100.101 rac1-priv192.168.100.102 rac2-priv10.10.10.105 scan-ip#172.18.56.21 rac1節點210.10.10.101 rac110.10.10.102 rac210.10.10.103 rac1-vip10.10.10.104 rac2-vip192.168.100.101 rac1-priv192.168.100.102 rac2-priv10.10.10.105 scan-ip#172.10.56.22 rac2

5.修改內核參數

#vi /etc/sysctl.conffs.aio-max-nr = 1048576fs.file-max = 6815744kernel.shmall =7864320 #內存大小/4096分頁大小 kernel.shmmax = 52451655680 #內存大小kernel.shmmni = 4096kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500net.core.rmem_default = 262144net.core.rmem_max = 4194304net.core.wmem_default = 262144net.core.wmem_max = 1048586vm.nr_hugepages = sga/pagesize #開啟hugepage，oracle鎖定內存防止換出 #sysctl –p

6.配置NTP

#oracle rac必須進行時鐘同步，如果沒有時鐘同步，按照下面的方式配置，讓oracle自身來解決/sbin/service ntpd stopchkconfig ntpd offmv /etc/ntp.conf /etc/ntp.conf.org

7.關閉防火墻，阿里云自動的CentOS是關閉了防火強的，你是用虛擬機，需要運行這一步

chkconfig --list iptableschkconfig iptables offchkconfig --list iptablesservice iptables stopservice network restart關閉selinux/etc/selinux/configdisable

8.修改用戶限制

#vi /etc/security/limits.conforacle soft nofile 4096oracle hard nofile 65536oracle soft nproc 2047oracle hard nproc 16384oracle soft stack 10240grid soft nofile 4096grid hard nofile 65536grid soft nproc 2047grid hard nproc 16384grid soft stack 10240* soft memlock 18874368* hard memlock 18874368

9.?/etc/pam.d/login

echo "session required pam_limits.so" >>/etc/pam.d/login

10.安裝需要的包

一般要安裝下面的軟件包yum install -y compat-libstdc++-33yum install -y elfutils-libelf-develyum install -y gcc-c++yum install -y kshyum install -y libaio-develyum install -y libstdc++-develyum install -y libXpyum install -y numactl-develyum install -y unixODBCyum install -y unixODBC-develyum install -y compat-libcap1.x86_64

11.格式化共享磁盤，這點和參考文檔有點區別，他是通過3塊盤進行冗余，我是一塊盤上劃三個分區。如果是生產hua環境，建議劃三塊盤，將選舉磁盤和數據盤分到3個不同的盤。由于是共享磁盤，這個操作在一個節點上進行就OK

[root@rac1 ~]# fdisk /dev/vdbWelcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2). Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.Be careful before using the write command. Command (m for help): nPartition type: p primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free) e extendedSelect (default p): pPartition number (1-4, default 1): 1First sector (2048-41943039, default 2048): Using default value 2048Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (2048-41943039, default 41943039): +5GPartition 1 of type Linux and of size 5 GiB is set Command (m for help): nPartition type: p primary (1 primary, 0 extended, 3 free) e extendedSelect (default p): pPartition number (2-4, default 2): First sector (10487808-41943039, default 10487808): Using default value 10487808Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (10487808-41943039, default 41943039): +5GPartition 2 of type Linux and of size 5 GiB is set Command (m for help): nPartition type: p primary (2 primary, 0 extended, 2 free) e extendedSelect (default p): pPartition number (3,4, default 3): 3First sector (20973568-41943039, default 20973568): Using default value 20973568Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (20973568-41943039, default 41943039): +5GPartition 3 of type Linux and of size 5 GiB is set Command (m for help): wThe partition table has been altered! Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.Syncing disks.[root@rac1 ~]# fdisk /dev/vdcWelcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2). Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.Be careful before using the write command. Command (m for help): nPartition type: p primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free) e extendedSelect (default p): pPartition number (1-4, default 1): 1First sector (2048-524287999, default 2048): Using default value 2048Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (2048-524287999, default 524287999): +80GPartition 1 of type Linux and of size 80 GiB is set Command (m for help): nPartition type: p primary (1 primary, 0 extended, 3 free) e extendedSelect (default p): pPartition number (2-4, default 2): First sector (167774208-524287999, default 167774208): Using default value 167774208Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (167774208-524287999, default 524287999): +80GPartition 2 of type Linux and of size 80 GiB is set Command (m for help): nPartition type: p primary (2 primary, 0 extended, 2 free) e extendedSelect (default p): pPartition number (3,4, default 3): First sector (335546368-524287999, default 335546368): Using default value 335546368Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (335546368-524287999, default 524287999): +80GPartition 3 of type Linux and of size 80 GiB is set Command (m for help): wThe partition table has been altered! Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.Syncing disks.[root@iZwz9igcce8m634htwm1xwZ ~]# fdisk -l Disk /dev/vda: 64.4 GB, 64424509440 bytes, 125829120 sectorsUnits = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytesSector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytesI/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytesDisk label type: dosDisk identifier: 0x0008d73a Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System/dev/vda1 * 2048 125827071 62912512 83 Linux Disk /dev/vdb: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes, 41943040 sectorsUnits = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytesSector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytesI/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytesDisk label type: dosDisk identifier: 0xf8683fec Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System/dev/vdb1 2048 10487807 5242880 83 Linux/dev/vdb2 10487808 20973567 5242880 83 Linux/dev/vdb3 20973568 31459327 5242880 83 Linux Disk /dev/vdc: 268.4 GB, 268435456000 bytes, 524288000 sectorsUnits = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytesSector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytesI/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytesDisk label type: dosDisk identifier: 0xdd02467a Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System/dev/vdc1 2048 167774207 83886080 83 Linux/dev/vdc2 167774208 335546367 83886080 83 Linux/dev/vdc3 335546368 503318527 83886080 83 Linux[root@rac1~]#

12.安裝ASM，這里安裝會升級kernel到el7(用CentOS 7裝集群應該會好一點)

yum install -y http://download.oracle.com/otn_software/asmlib/oracleasmlib-2.0.4-1.el6.x86_64.rpm

yum install -y http://oss.oracle.com/projects/oracleasm-support/dist/files/RPMS/rhel6/amd64/2.1.8/oracleasm-support-2.1.8-1.el6.x86_64.rpm

13.創建grid,oracle用戶（grid主要用于管理集群，oracle主要用于管理數據庫，所以待會在配置ASM的時候要把用戶設置為grid，不然后面會出現磁盤權限的問題)

/usr/sbin/groupadd -g 501 oinstall/usr/sbin/groupadd -g 502 asmadmin/usr/sbin/groupadd -g 503 dba/usr/sbin/groupadd -g 504 oper/usr/sbin/groupadd -g 505 asmdba/usr/sbin/groupadd -g 506 asmoper/usr/sbin/useradd -u 501 -g oinstall -G asmadmin,asmdba,asmoper,oper,dba grid/usr/sbin/useradd -u 502 -g oinstall -G dba,asmdba,oper oracle #配置環境變量#Grid#vi /home/grid/.bash_profileumask 022export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/grid_baseexport ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/grid_homeexport ORACLE_SID=+ASM1 #第二個節點+ASM2export PATH=/usr/sbin:$PATHexport PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH #Oracle#vi /home/oracle/.bash_profileumask 022export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracleexport ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0/db_1export ORA_GRID_HOME=/u01/app/grid_homeexport ORACLE_UNQNAME=OAODZ1 #第二個節點orcl2export ORACLE_SID=OAODZ1 #第二個節點orcl2export PATH=/usr/sbin:$PATHexport PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATHexport LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$LD_LIBRARY_PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/usr/libexport CLASSPATH=$ORACLE_HOME/JRE:$ORACLE_HOME/jlib:$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/jlibexport NLS_LANG=AMERICAN_AMERICA.ZHS16GBKexport NLS_DATE_FORMAT="YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS"export TNS_ADMIN=$ORACLE_HOME/network/adminexport LANG=en_US.UTF-8

太長了，轉到下一篇

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