从包中构建瓦片服务器
SWITCH2OSM
切換到OPENSTREETMAP
豐富的數(shù)據(jù)
OpenStreetMap數(shù)據(jù)豐富而詳細(xì),包含與實(shí)地人相關(guān)的大量數(shù)據(jù) - 收集的數(shù)據(jù)。
功能包括:
- 道路,鐵路,水路等
- 餐廳,商店,車站,自動取款機(jī)等。
- 步行和自行車道。
- 建筑物,校園等
從包中構(gòu)建瓦片服務(wù)器
如果你想建立自己的瓦片服務(wù)器,使用軟件包可以節(jié)省大量的安裝工作。
這些軟件包與Ubuntu Linux版本12.04 LTS(精確穿山甲)及以上版本配合使用。安裝完成后,您應(yīng)該使用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的OSM Mapnik樣式表使用自己的工作tileer,您可以在其中導(dǎo)入OSM數(shù)據(jù)的提取以進(jìn)行渲染。
它基于OSM自己的瓦片服務(wù)器使用的相同的軟件:
- mod_tile用于服務(wù)
- renderd作為渲染守護(hù)進(jìn)程
- mapnik為實(shí)際渲染
這些軟件包的主要目的是通過將包裝腳本盡可能多的自動化來簡化安裝。
安裝
需要將以下命令輸入終端進(jìn)行設(shè)置:
如果您沒有安裝add-apt-repository,請將其添加到:
對于Ubuntu 12.04
sudo apt-get install python-software-properties對于Ubuntu 12.10及更高版本
sudo apt-get安裝軟件屬性常見 添加包含包的存儲庫: sudo add-apt-repository ppa:kakrueger / openstreetmap更新本地軟件包列表以獲取新的存儲庫:
sudo apt-get更新安裝軟件包libapache2-mod-tile及其依賴項(xiàng)。在配置過程中,會詢問幾個問題。要確保自動安裝腳本可以工作,您應(yīng)該保留默認(rèn)值。但是,在關(guān)于數(shù)據(jù)庫用戶的權(quán)限的問題中,您希望在用戶之后添加自己的用戶名,該數(shù)據(jù)由空格分隔,以便能夠在用戶下導(dǎo)入數(shù)據(jù)。
sudo apt-get install libapache2-mod-tile導(dǎo)入地圖數(shù)據(jù)
下載要渲染的OpenStreetMap數(shù)據(jù)(完整的行星文件可以在planet.openstreetmap.org上找到,國家提要可以在例如download.geofabrik.de上找到)。例如:
wget http://download.geofabrik.de/europe/ireland-and-northern-ireland-latest.osm.pbf使用osm2pgsql將數(shù)據(jù)導(dǎo)入到postgresql數(shù)據(jù)庫中。osm2pgsql可以使用許多不同的參數(shù),這些參數(shù)取決于您可用的硬件和要導(dǎo)入的數(shù)據(jù)提取的大小。您需要設(shè)置的最有可能的是“-C”,“-slim”和“ - 數(shù)字處理”。-C指定Mb osm2pgsql將用于緩存數(shù)據(jù)的數(shù)量。所以這取決于你可用的RAM的數(shù)量。-slim將完整的osm數(shù)據(jù)保存在磁盤上,是更新和低內(nèi)存環(huán)境所必需的。-number-processes指定用于導(dǎo)入過程的某些部分的并行進(jìn)程數(shù)。最佳值主要取決于磁盤系統(tǒng)的速度和可用的處理器內(nèi)核。
osm2pgsql --slim -C 1500 - 數(shù)字處理4 ireland-and-northern-ireland.osm.pbf根據(jù)您正在導(dǎo)入的提取物的大小和計(jì)算機(jī)的性能,對于小型提取物,可能需要幾分鐘的時間才能在較慢的硬件上完成行星的幾分鐘。如果您正在導(dǎo)入完整的行星,強(qiáng)烈建議您設(shè)置-C 18000(18 GB的RAM緩存,并隨著OSM數(shù)據(jù)庫的增長而增加)。如果您沒有足夠的內(nèi)存量,這可能會導(dǎo)致您的服務(wù)器在導(dǎo)入期間進(jìn)行交換,但在許多情況下,它仍然比為節(jié)點(diǎn)緩存使用較小的值更快。但是,您需要確保已配置足夠的交換內(nèi)存。
如果要導(dǎo)入完整的行星文件,您可能還需要使用-flat-nodes選項(xiàng)。它為某些數(shù)據(jù)而不是postgis數(shù)據(jù)庫使用自定義格式文件,使其更有效率,但對區(qū)域提取效率較低。在導(dǎo)入期間臨時更改PostgreSQL配置也可能是有意義的。(例如,增加檢查點(diǎn)數(shù)量,減少共享緩沖區(qū)大小。)
導(dǎo)入時間的大部分以及數(shù)據(jù)庫的大小都用于創(chuàng)建索引以跟蹤更新。如果您不打算使數(shù)據(jù)庫連續(xù)不間斷地使用“差異文件”,則可能需要使用-drop選項(xiàng)導(dǎo)入數(shù)據(jù),該??選項(xiàng)將在導(dǎo)入后刪除“slim-tables”,而不需要渲染并且不創(chuàng)建僅需要支持差異導(dǎo)入的索引。一旦您每1 - 2周更頻繁地更新一次,可能會更有效地每次完成重新導(dǎo)入,而不是使用更新。
mod_tile旨在始終提供最新的圖塊(見下文更新)。由于在更改時重新渲染所有已更改的圖塊通常是不可行的,因此mod_tile會在投放時啟動重新渲染過時的圖塊。這樣的mod_tile需要知道什么時候行星被導(dǎo)入。這是通過更改文件planet-import-complete的時間戳來完成的
觸摸/ var / lib / mod_tile / planet-import-complete最后,您需要重新啟動渲染守護(hù)程序,之后所有應(yīng)該準(zhǔn)備好。
sudo /etc/init.d/renderd重啟如果一切正常,您應(yīng)該有一個工作的tileerver,您可以通過訪問http://localhost/osm/slippymap.html查看其結(jié)果
如果您沒有在本地主機(jī)上打開slippymap.html,并且您只看到粉紅色的圖塊,則需要編輯html頁面,并將localhost替換為“new OpenLayers.Layer.Layer.SMM(”Local Tiles“...”)中正確的服務(wù)器名稱,或?qū)⑵涓臑橄鄬RL。
更新
以下命令說明如何使用最新的OSM數(shù)據(jù)來保持瓷磚服務(wù)器的最新版本。
使用上述osm2pgsql導(dǎo)入初始數(shù)據(jù)庫之后(您將需要在初始導(dǎo)入中使用-slim選項(xiàng)以允許更新),則需要執(zhí)行以下步驟
安裝滲透
sudo apt-get安裝滲透授予用戶www數(shù)據(jù)更新表的權(quán)限
sudo /usr/bin/install-postgis-osm-user.sh gis www-data將滲透復(fù)制堆棧初始化為數(shù)據(jù)導(dǎo)入的數(shù)據(jù)。選擇行星數(shù)據(jù)的日期,因?yàn)檫@是差異開始的日期。
sudo -u www-data /usr/bin/openstreetmap-tiles-update-expire 2012-04-21As the packaged script currently uses an outdated service to determine the correct replication start-point, you will need to manually choose and download the correct state.txt from the?base_url?(see below) which corresponds to slightly before the age of the extract to make sure all modifications are included in your db. This needs to be copied to /var/lib/mod_tile/.osmosis/state.txt
You will next need to update the default configuration of osmosis. In /var/lib/mod_tile/.osmosis/configuration.txt change the?base_url?to
“http://planet.openstreetmap.org/replication/minute/”
Update your tileserver by up to an hour and expire the corresponding rendered tiles
sudo -u www-data /usr/bin/openstreetmap-tiles-update-expireIf your tile server is behind more than an hour you will need to call the openstreetmap-tiles-expire script multiple times. If you want to continuously keep your server up to data, you need to add the openstreetmap-tiles-expire script to your crontab.
Keeping the data up-to-date can be resource intense, in particular because after the import you may already be multiple days behind. Consider changing maxInterval in /var/lib/mod_tile/.osmosis/configuration.txt to 21600 (six hours) till you have caught up. Further, add “–number-processes 2” to the osm2pgsql command in /usr/bin/openstreetmap-tiles-update-expire or a higher number if this is appropriate for your hardware.
The initial install installed pre-processed coastlines, from time to time it may make sense to replace the files with new versions:
wget http://tile.openstreetmap.org/processed_p.tar.bz2and extract it to
/etc/mapnik-osm-data/world_boundaries/Troubleshooting
There are a number of things that can go wrong. Here are a few of the common problems and there solutions:
Connection to database failed in osm2pgsql
If you are getting the following error message when importing data with osm2pgsql, you have probably forgotten to add your username in the allowed users section during the configuration. Connection to database Failed: FATAL: Ident authentication failed for user “xyz”
You can fix this in one of two ways:
Either you reconfigure the package, this time including both www-data and your own user name in a space separated list,
sudo dpkg-reconfigure openstreetmap-postgis-db-setupOr, you manually grant permissions to your user account with the following command:
sudo /usr/bin/install-postgis-osm-user.sh gis xyzHardware
Hardware requirements can be quite demanding if you want to render larger areas, but aren’t too bad if you are only interested in smaller regions. For a standard desktop (approximately 4 GB of ram, standard harddisk, dual – quad core CPU) probably an extract size of about 100 – 300 Mb is reasonable (import time of the order of an hour).
If you want to import and render the whole world, you will need a considerably beefier server than a typical desktop. E.g. starting from about 24Gb of RAM upwards. It is also strongly recomend to use an SSD for the database or at least a fast RAID array. The full planet import is currently around about 256GB, so to store all of the DB on an SSD, you will likely need a 512GB SSD. An import that is not updated and uses the –drop option on the otherhand likely still fits on a 256GB SSD. You can also selectively put the most important parts of the database on an SSD and the rest on slower disks. Osm2pgsql supports using separate tablespaces for different parts of the database for this purpose.
FAQ
Where are the various files (DB / Tiles, etc.) ?
- Style sheets and coastlines are in /etc/mapnik-osm-data
- Tiles are in /var/lib/mod_tile
- Renderd configuration in /etc/renderd.conf
- mod_tile configuration in /etc/apache2/sites-available/tileserver_site
- Scripts are in /usr/bin
- Database configuration is in /etc/postgresql/X.X/main (where X.X is the PostgreSQL version, for example 9.1)
- osm2pgsql configuration and state.txt is in /var/lib/mod_tile/.osmosis
How do I pre-render tiles ?
You can use render_list to pre-render tiles:
Usage: render_list [OPTION] ...-a, --all render all tiles in given zoom level range instead of reading from STDIN-f, --force render tiles even if they seem current-m, --map=MAP render tiles in this map (defaults to 'default')-l, --max-load=LOAD sleep if load is this high (defaults to 5)-s, --socket=SOCKET unix domain socket name for contacting renderd-n, --num-threads=N the number of parallel request threads (default 1)-t, --tile-dir tile cache directory (defaults to '/var/lib/mod_tile')-z, --min-zoom=ZOOM filter input to only render tiles greater or equal to this zoom level (default is 0)-Z, --max-zoom=ZOOM filter input to only render tiles less than or equal to this zoom level (default is 18)If you are using –all, you can restrict the tile range by adding these options:
-x, --min-x=X minimum X tile coordinate-X, --max-x=X maximum X tile coordinate-y, --min-y=Y minimum Y tile coordinate-Y, --max-y=Y maximum Y tile coordinateWithout –all, send a list of tiles to be rendered from STDIN in the format X Y Z, e.g.
0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1The above would cause all 4 tiles at zoom 1 to be rendered
Note that you have to set –socket=/var/run/renderd/renderd.sock
Acknowledgements
感謝Kai Krueger維護(hù)包裝和準(zhǔn)備文件。
- ??英語
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