From: http://bbs.pediy.com/showthread.php?threadid=21646

標 題: CPUID詳解[增加TLB與Cache]
作 者: Pr0Zel
時 間: 2006-02-21,22:00:23
鏈 接: http://bbs.pediy.com/showthread.php?t=21646

這是文章最后一次更新,加入了TLB與Cache信息等資料
前言:論壇上面有人不明白CPUID指令的用法,于是就萌生寫這篇文章的想法,
若有錯誤話請大俠指出,謝謝了?^^
論壇的式樣貌似有問題,若式樣問題導致閱讀問題的話,可以在文章尾下載txt文檔閱讀.

論壇上面有人不明白CPUID指令的用法,于是就萌生寫這篇文章的想法,
若有錯誤話請大俠指出,謝謝了?^^
CPUID是Intel?Pentium以上級CPU內置的一個指令(486級及以下的CPU不支持),它用于識別某一類型的CPU,它能返回CPU的級別(family),型號(model),CPU步進(Stepping?ID)及CPU字串等信息,從此命令也可以得到CPU的緩存與TLB信息.
CPUID返回數據類型是在EAX寄存器里面定義的,而指令返回的數值則在存儲在EAX,EBX,ECX和EDX寄存器里面.
返回的信息分兩部分:基本信息與擴展信息.在EAX輸入0-3參數時,它返回的CPU的基本信息;而在EAX輸入0x8000000至0x800000x時,它返回的是CPU的擴展信息(extended?function?information).擴展信息只包含在Pentium?4及以后的CPU上,Pentium?4以前的CPU無法取得它的擴展信息.

如下面的表:
CPU級別?????????基本信息???擴展信息
486及以前的CPU??????不可用????不可用
Pentium????????0x1????不可用
Pentium?Pro,Pentium?2????0x2????不可用
Pentium?3??????0x3????不可用
Pentium?4??????0x2????0x80000004
Xeon(至強)??????0x2????0x80000004

假若輸入高于該處理器的值時,CPUID指令返回的是該CPU的輸入最高值的返回值(這一句不知道怎么說才好),
比如在在Pentium?4上輸入0x4,則CPU返回值與輸入0x2的返回值一樣.

下面的表是輸入值與返回值的關系:
輸入值????????返回值
-----------------------------------------------------------------
0x0??????EAX??CPU基本參數的輸入值
??????EBX??"Genu"
??????ECX??"Intel"
??????EDX??"inel"
------------------------------------------------------------------
0x1??????EAX??CPU的級別,型號及步進
??????EBX??信息很多,下面介紹
??????ECX??保留
??????EDX??特征信息(Feature?Information)
------------------------------------------------------------------
0x2??????EAX到EDX返回的都是緩存和TLB的信息
------------------------------------------------------------------
0x3??????EAX??保留
??????EBX??保留
??????ECX??CPU序列號(0?-?31bit)?(只是在Pentium?3中才有效)
??????EDX??CPU序列號(32?-?63bit)?(只是在Pentium?3?中才有效)
------------------------------------------------------------------

0x80000000????EAX??擴展信息輸入數最大值(具有擴展信息的CPU才能返回)
??????EBX??保留
??????ECX??保留
??????EDX??保留
------------------------------------------------------------------
0x80000001????EAX??CPU特征(Signature)和擴展特征位(Extended?Feature?Bits)
??????EBX?到?ECX??保留
------------------------------------------------------------------
0x80000002????EAX??處理器字串(Processor?Brand?String)
??????EBX??處理器字串(續)
??????ECX??處理器字串(續)
??????EDX??處理器字串(續)
------------------------------------------------------------------
0x80000003????EAX??處理器字串(續)
??????EBX??處理器字串(續)
??????ECX??處理器字串(續)
??????EDX??處理器字串(續)
------------------------------------------------------------------
0x80000004????EAX??處理器字串(續)
??????EBX??處理器字串(續)
??????ECX??處理器字串(續)
??????EDX??處理器字串(續)
------------------------------------------------------------------

當輸入0x1時,EBX返回值是:
第?0?-??7位:?CPU字串索引?(Brand?Index)
第?8?-?15位:?CLFLUSH線大小(CLFLUSH?line?size)?(返回值*8?=?cache?line?size)
第16?-?23位:?保留
第24?-?31位:?處理器APIC物理標號?(Processor?local?APIC?physical?ID)

當輸入0x1時,EDX返回的擴展信息解釋如下:

位??標號????解釋
0??FPU??Floating?Point?Unit?On-Chip.?CPU是否內置浮點計算單元
1??VME??Virtual?8086?Mode?Enhancements.?是否支持虛擬8086模式
2??DE??Debugging?Extensions.?是否支持調試功能.
3??PSE??Page?Size?Extension.?是否支持大于4MB的分頁.
4??TSC??Time?Stamp?Counter.?是否支持RDTSC指令.(注:RDTSC指令可以計算出CPU的頻率)
5??MSR??Module?Specific?Registers?RDMSR?and?WRMSR?Instructions.?是否支持RDMSR與WRMSR?(*注1)
6??PAE??Physical?Address?Extension.?是否支持大于32bit的物理地址.
7??MCE??Machine?Check?Exception.?(*注2)
8??CX8??CMPXCHG8B?Instruction.?是否支持8bytes(64bit)數的比較與交換指令.
9??APIC??APIC?On-Chip.是否支持APIC(Advanced?Programmable?Interrupt?Controller)
10??保留
11??SEP??SYSENTER?and?SYSEXIT?Instructions.是否支持SYSENTER與SYSEXIT指令.(*注3)
12??MTRR??Memory?Type?Range?Registers.?是否支持MTTR(*注4)
13??PGE??PTE?Global?Bit.?是否支持全局頁面目錄入口標志位?(global?bit?in?page?directory?entries)
14??MCA??Machine?Check?Architecture.?是否支持MCA,MCA是Pentium4,Xeon,P6級處理器的一個錯誤報告機制
15??CMOV??Conditional?Move?Instructions.?CMOV指令是否可用.(請問誰可以解釋一下CMOV是什么命令?)
16??PAT??Page?Attribute?Table.?是否支持PAT,PAT允許操作系統指定4K大小的線性內存空間
17??PSE-36??32-bit?Page?Size?Extension.?是否支持4GB的擴展內存
18??PSN??Processor?Serial?Number.?是否支持處理器序列號.(P3有效)
19??CLFSH??CLFLUSH?Instruction.是否支持CLFLUSH.(*注5)
20??保留
21??DS??Debug?Store.?是否支持把調試信息寫入緩存,
22??ACPI??ACPI?Processor?Performance?Modulation?Registers.?處理器使用特別的寄存器以允許軟件控制處理器的運行周期.
23???MMX??Inter?MMX?Technology.是否支持MMX
24??FXSR??FXSAVE?and?FXRSTOR?Instructions.?FXSAVE與FXRSTOR指令是否可用(*注6)
25??SSE??SSE.是否支持SSE.
26??SSE2??是否支持SSE2.
27??SS??Self?Snoop.?處理器是否支持總線監視,以防止儲存器沖突.
28??保留
29??TM??Thermal?Monitor.CPU是否支持溫度控制.
30?&?31??保留
--------------------------------------------------------------
注1:?RDMSR:?Load?MSR?specified?by?ECX?into?EDX:EAX
?????WRMSR:?Write?the?value?in?EDX:EAX?to?MSR?specified?by?ECX
注2:
原文是Exception?18?is?defined?for?Machine?Checks,including?CR4.MCE?for?controlling?the?feature.?This?feature?does?not?define?themodel-specific?implementations?of?machine-check?error?logging,?reporting,?andprocessor?shutdowns.?Machine?Check?exception?handlers?may?have?to?depend?onprocessor?version?to?do?model?specific?processing?of?the?exception,?or?test?for?thepresence?of?the?Machine?Check?feature.

注3:?SYSENTER:?Fast?call?to?privilege?level?0?system?procedures
?????SYSEXIT:??Fast?return?to?privilege?level?3?user?code.

注4:?
原文是The?MTRRcap?MSR?contains?feature?bits?that?describe?what?memory?types?are?supported,?how?manyvariable?MTRRs?are?supported,?and?whether?fixed?MTRRs?are?supported.

注5:?CLFLUSH:?Flushes?cache?line?containing?m8.

注6:?FXSAVE:?Save?the?x87?FPU,?MMX,?XMM,?and?MXCSR?register
?????FXSTOR:?Restore?the?x87?FPU,?MMX,?XMM,?and?MXCSR?register


按照這個,就可以自己寫一個CPU檢測程序了;
#include?<stdio.h>

void?main()
{
??unsigned?long?DBaseIndex,?DFeInfo,?DFeInfo2,?DCPUBaseInfo;
??unsigned?long?DFeIndex,?DCPUExInfo,?i;
??unsigned?long?DOther[4],?DTLB[4],?DProceSN[2];
??char?cCom[13];
??char?cProStr[49];
??unsigned?int?j;

??_asm
??{
????xor?eax,?eax
????cpuid
????mov?DBaseIndex??????,eax
????mov?dword?ptr?cCom????,ebx
????mov?dword?ptr?cCom+4??,ecx?//AMD?CPU要把ecx改為edx
????mov?dword?ptr?cCom+8??,edx?//AMD?CPU要把edx改為ecx
????
????mov?eax,?1
????cpuid
????mov?DCPUBaseInfo,?eax
????mov?DFeInfo,?ebx?
????mov?DFeInfo2,?edx

????mov?eax,?0x80000000
????cpuid
????mov?DFeIndex,?eax

????mov?eax,?0x80000001
????cpuid
????mov?DCPUExInfo,?eax

????mov?eax,?0x80000002
????cpuid
????mov?dword?ptr?cProStr????,?eax
????mov?dword?ptr?cProStr?+?4??,?ebx
????mov?dword?ptr?cProStr?+?8??,?ecx
????mov?dword?ptr?cProStr?+?12??,edx

????mov?eax,?0x80000003
????cpuid
????mov?dword?ptr?cProStr?+?16??,?eax
????mov?dword?ptr?cProStr?+?20??,?ebx
????mov?dword?ptr?cProStr?+?24??,?ecx
????mov?dword?ptr?cProStr?+?28??,?edx

????mov?eax,?0x80000004
????cpuid
????mov?dword?ptr?cProStr?+?32??,?eax
????mov?dword?ptr?cProStr?+?36??,?ebx
????mov?dword?ptr?cProStr?+?40??,?ecx
????mov?dword?ptr?cProStr?+?44??,?edx
??}

??if(?DBaseIndex?>=?2?)
??{
????_asm
????{
??????mov?eax,?2
??????cpuid
??????mov?DTLB[0],?eax
??????mov?DTLB[2],?ebx
??????mov?DTLB[3],?ecx
??????mov?DTLB[4],?edx
????}
??}
??if(DBaseIndex?==?3)
??{
????_asm
????{
??????mov?eax,?3
??????cpuid
??????mov?DProceSN[0],?ecx
??????mov?DProceSN[1],?edx
????}
??}

??cCom[12]?=?'\0';?//加一個結尾符
??printf(?"CPU廠商:??%s\n",?cCom?);
??printf(?"CPU字串:??%s\n",?cProStr?);
??printf(?"CPU基本參數:?Family:%X??Model:%X??Stepping?ID:%X\n",?(DCPUBaseInfo?&?0x0F00)?>>?8,
??????(DCPUBaseInfo?&?0xF0)?>>?4,?DCPUBaseInfo?&?0xF?);
??printf(?"CPU擴展參數:?Family:%X??Model:%X??Stepping?ID:%X\n",?(DCPUExInfo?&?0x0F00)?>>?8,
??????(DCPUExInfo?&?0xF0)?>>?4,?DCPUExInfo?&?0xF?);

??printf(?"CPU字串索引:?0x%X\n",?DFeInfo?&?0xFF?);
??printf(?"CLFLUSH線大小:?0x%X\n",?(?DFeInfo?&?0xFF00?)?>>?8?);
??printf?(?"處理器APIC物理標號:0x%X\n",?(?DFeInfo?&?0xF000?)?>>?24?);
??if(?DBaseIndex?>=?2)
??{
????printf(?"CPU?Cache?&?TLB?Information:?"?);
????for(j?=?0;?j?<?4;?j++)
????{
??????if(?!(DTLB[j]?&?0xFF)?)?printf(?"%.2X?",?DTLB[j]?&?0xFF?);
??????if(?!((DTLB[j]?&?0xFF)?>>?8)?)?printf(?"%.2X?",?(DTLB[j]?&?0xFF00)?>>?8?);
??????if(?!((DTLB[j]?&?0xFF0000)?>>?16)?)?printf(?"%.2X?",(?DTLB[j]?&?0xFF0000)?>>?16);
??????if(?!((DTLB[j]?&?0xFF000000)?>>?24)?)?printf(?"%.2X?",(?DTLB[j]?&?0xFF000000)?>>?24);
????}
????printf("\n");
??}

??if(?DBaseIndex?==?3?)
??{
????printf(?"CPU序列號是:%X%X\n",?DProceSN[0],?DProceSN[1]?);
??}
????printf(?"FPU:??%d\t\t",?DFeInfo2?&?0x00000001?);?//下面是調用某BLOG上面的代碼,懶得寫了?^^
????printf(?"VME:??%d\t\t",?(DFeInfo2?&?0x00000002?)?>>?1?);
????printf(?"DE:??%d\n",?(DFeInfo2?&?0x00000004?)?>>?2?);
????printf(?"PSE:??%d\t\t",?(DFeInfo2?&?0x00000008?)?>>?3?);
????printf(?"TSC:??%d\t\t",?(DFeInfo2?&?0x00000010?)?>>?4?);
????printf(?"MSR:??%d\n",?(DFeInfo2?&?0x00000020?)?>>?5?);
????printf(?"PAE:??%d\t\t",?(DFeInfo2?&?0x00000040?)?>>?6?);
????printf(?"MCE:??%d\t\t",?(DFeInfo2?&?0x00000080?)?>>?7?);
????printf(?"CX8:??%d\n",?(DFeInfo2?&?0x00000100?)?>>?8?);
????printf(?"APIC:??%d\t",?(DFeInfo2?&?0x00000200?)?>>?9?);
????printf(?"SEP:??%d\t\t",?(DFeInfo2?&?0x00000800?)?>>?11?);
????printf(?"MTRR:??%d\n",?(DFeInfo2?&?0x00001000?)?>>?12?);
????printf(?"PGE:??%d\t\t",?(DFeInfo2?&?0x00002000?)?>>?13?);
????printf(?"MCA:??%d\t\t",?(DFeInfo2?&?0x00004000?)?>>?14?);
????printf(?"CMOV:??%d\n",?(DFeInfo2?&?0x00008000?)?>>?15?);
????printf(?"PAT:??%d\t\t",?(DFeInfo2?&?0x00010000?)?>>?16?);
????printf(?"PSE-36:??%d\t",?(DFeInfo2?&?0x00020000?)?>>?17?);
????printf(?"PSN:??%d\n",?(DFeInfo2?&?0x00040000?)?>>?18?);
????printf(?"CLFSN:??%d\t",?(DFeInfo2?&?0x00080000?)?>>?19?);
????printf(?"DS:??%d\t\t",?(DFeInfo2?&?0x00200000?)?>>?21?);
????printf(?"ACPI:??%d\n",?(DFeInfo2?&?0x00400000?)?>>?22?);
????printf(?"MMX:??%d\t\t",?(DFeInfo2?&?0x00800000?)?>>?23?);
????printf(?"FXSR:??%d\t",?(DFeInfo2?&?0x01000000?)?>>?24?);
????printf(?"SSE:??%d\n",?(DFeInfo2?&?0x02000000?)?>>?25?);
????printf(?"SSE2:??%d\t",?(DFeInfo2?&?0x04000000?)?>>?26?);
????printf(?"SS:??%d\t\t",?(DFeInfo2?&?0x08000000?)?>>?27?);
????printf(?"TM:??%d\n",?(DFeInfo2?&?0x20000000?)?>>?29?);

??printf("\n其它信息:\n");
??printf("----------------------------------------\n");
??printf("In?\t\tEAX?\t\tEBX?\t\tECX?\t\tEDX");
??for(?i?=?0x80000004;?i?<=?DFeIndex;?++i?)
??{
????DOther[0]?=?DOther[1]?=?DOther[2]?=?DOther[3]?=?0;
????_asm
????{
??????mov?eax,?i
??????cpuid
??????mov?DOther[0],?eax
??????mov?DOther[1],?ebx
??????mov?DOther[2],?ecx
??????mov?DOther[3],?edx
????}
????printf(?"\n0x%.8X\t0x%.8X\t0x%.8X\t0x%.8X\t0x%.8X",?i,?DOther[0],?DOther[1],?DOther[2],?DOther[3]?);
??}
??printf(?"\n"?);
??system(?"pause"?);
}

TLB與Cache信息詳解:
0x00??Null?descriptor
0x01??Instruction?TLB:?4K-Byte?Pages,?4-way?set?associative,?32?entries
0x02??Instruction?TLB:?4M-Byte?Pages,?4-way?set?associative,?2?entries
0x03??Data?TLB:?4K-Byte?Pages,?4-way?set?associative,?64?entries
0x04??Data?TLB:?4M-Byte?Pages,?4-way?set?associative,?8?entries
0x06??1st-level?instruction?cache:?8K?Bytes,?4-way?set?associative,?32?byte?line?size
0x08??1st-level?instruction?cache:?16K?Bytes,?4-way?set?associative,?32?byte?line?size
0x0A??1st-level?data?cache:?8K?Bytes,?2-way?set?associative,?32?byte?line?size
0x0C??1st-level?data?cache:?16K?Bytes,?4-way?set?associative,?32?byte?line?size
0x22??3rd-level?cache:?512K?Bytes,?4-way?set?associative,?64?byte?line?size
0x23??3rd-level?cache:?1M?Bytes,?8-way?set?associative,?64?byte?line?size
0x25??3rd-level?cache:?2M?Bytes,?8-way?set?associative,?64?byte?line?size
0x29??3rd-level?cache:?4M?Bytes,?8-way?set?associative,?64?byte?line?size
0x40??No?2nd-level?cache?or,?if?processor?contains?a?valid?2nd-level?cache,?no?3rd-level?cache
0x41??2nd-level?cache:?128K?Bytes,?4-way?set?associative,?32?byte?line?size
0x42??2nd-level?cache:?256K?Bytes,?4-way?set?associative,?32?byte?line?size
0x43??2nd-level?cache:?512K?Bytes,?4-way?set?associative,?32?byte?line?size
0x44??2nd-level?cache:?1M?Byte,?4-way?set?associative,?32?byte?line?size
0x45??2nd-level?cache:?2M?Byte,?4-way?set?associative,?32?byte?line?size
0x50??Instruction?TLB:?4-KByte?and?2-MByte?or?4-MByte?pages,?64?entries
0x51??Instruction?TLB:?4-KByte?and?2-MByte?or?4-MByte?pages,?128?entries
0x52??Instruction?TLB:?4-KByte?and?2-MByte?or?4-MByte?pages,?256?entries
0x5B??Data?TLB:?4-KByte?and?4-MByte?pages,?64?entries
0x5C??Data?TLB:?4-KByte?and?4-MByte?pages,128?entries
0x5D??Data?TLB:?4-KByte?and?4-MByte?pages,256?entries
0x66??1st-level?data?cache:?8KB,?4-way?set?associative,?64?byte?line?size
0x67??1st-level?data?cache:?16KB,?4-way?set?associative,?64?byte?line?size
0x68??1st-level?data?cache:?32KB,?4-way?set?associative,?64?byte?line?size
0x70??Trace?cache:?12K-μop,?8-way?set?associative
0x71??Trace?cache:?16K-μop,?8-way?set?associative
0x72??Trace?cache:?32K-μop,?8-way?set?associative
0x79??2nd-level?cache:?128KB,?8-way?set?associative,?sectored,?64?byte?line?size
0x7A??2nd-level?cache:?256KB,?8-way?set?associative,?sectored,?64?byte?line?size
0x7B??2nd-level?cache:?512KB,?8-way?set?associative,?sectored,?64?byte?line?size
0x7C??2nd-level?cache:?1MB,?8-way?set?associative,?sectored,?64?byte?line?size
0x82??2nd-level?cache:?256K?Bytes,?8-way?set?associative,?32?byte?line?size
0x84??2nd-level?cache:?1M?Byte,?8-way?set?associative,?32?byte?line?size
0x85??2nd-level?cache:?2M?Byte,?8-way?set?associative,?32?byte?line?size

舉一個例子,一個CPU執行
mov?eax,?2
cpuid
后,
返回值如下:
EAX?0x665B5001
EBX?0x0
ECX?0x0
EDX?0x007A7000
就代表了這個CPU的Cache信息是:
1.?0x66:1st-level?data?cache:?8KB,?4-way?set?associative,?64?byte?line?size
2.?0x5B:Data?TLB:?4-KByte?and?4-MByte?pages,?64?entries
3.?0x50:Instruction?TLB:?4-KByte?and?2-MByte?or?4-MByte?pages,?64?entries
4.?0x01:Instruction?TLB:?4K-Byte?Pages,?4-way?set?associative,?32?entries
5.?0x7A:2nd-level?cache:?256KB,?8-way?set?associative,?sectored,?64?byte?line?size
6.?0x70:Trace?cache:?12K-μop,?8-way?set?associative

CPU字串索引?(Brand?Index)詳解:
0x0:?CPU不支持Brand?Index
0x1:?Celeron?CPU
0x2:?Pentium?3
0x3:?Pentium?3?Xeon
0x4-0x7:?未用
0x8:?Pentium?4

可惜我是用AMD?CPU的,有好些功能都不能親自試驗
參考資料:IA-32?Intel?Architecture?Software?Developer’s?Manual

上傳的附件

cpuid.rar (0, 194 次下載)

?

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