powerpoint技巧

Almost 20 years ago — 2001! — Seth Godin wrote an ebook called Really Bad Powerpoint (and how to avoid it). In that book he detailed all of the things that tend to go wrong in slide presentations.

差不多20年前-2001年！ —塞斯·戈丁(Seth Godin)寫(xiě)了一本名為《 真的很糟糕的Powerpoint》 (以及如何避免它)的電子書(shū)。 在那本書(shū)中，他詳細(xì)介紹了幻燈片演示中容易出錯(cuò)的所有方面。

Everyone creates presentations with the right intent — to communicate something of importance to a group of people. But then we do all sorts of dumb things to undermine their communication, don’t we? Like jamming it with bullet points so it can serve as a teleprompter, or throwing in every factoid we’ve learned about the topic to anticipate (and ward off) questions. Sometimes we want to manage or even mitigate conversation. And sometimes, we create them simply because we were told that we should.

每個(gè)人都有正確的意圖創(chuàng)建演示文稿-與一群人交流重要的事情。 但是，然后我們做各種愚蠢的事情來(lái)破壞他們的交流，不是嗎？ 就像用項(xiàng)目符號(hào)將其塞住一樣，它可以用作提詞提示器，或者將我們已經(jīng)學(xué)習(xí)過(guò)的有關(guān)該主題的所有擬事實(shí)扔進(jìn)去，以預(yù)測(cè)(并避開(kāi))問(wèn)題。 有時(shí)我們想管理甚至減輕對(duì)話。 有時(shí)，我們創(chuàng)建它們的原因僅僅是因?yàn)槲覀儽桓嬷覀儜?yīng)該這樣做。

On the very first page of Godin’s ebook, he says “Almost every PowerPoint presentation sucks rotten eggs.” And that was nineteen years ago!

他在Godin電子書(shū)的第一頁(yè)上說(shuō)：“ 幾乎每個(gè)PowerPoint演示文稿都爛蛋。 ”那是19年前！

Here we are in 2020 and PowerPoint is just as prevalent as it was in 2001 and yet, for the most part, presentations have not gotten better. There are companies that have tried to help people make better presentations. Keynote was made specifically for Steve Jobs keynote presentations. Haiku Deck encouraged folks to remember that ‘less is more’, followed quickly by Prezi which seemed like a revelation for a moment in time — encouraging people to take their audience on a journey on an infinite canvas. All of these were born from the right intent — make better slides so you can tell better stories. In other words, get people to communicate better, and to create slides that don’t suck.

現(xiàn)在是2020年，PowerPoint與2001年一樣流行，但是在大多數(shù)情況下， 演示文稿并沒(méi)有變得更好 。 有些公司試圖幫助人們做出更好的演示。 主題演講專門(mén)針對(duì)史蒂夫·喬布斯的主題演講。 Haiku Deck鼓勵(lì)人們記住“少即是多”，緊隨其后的是Prezi，這似乎是一段時(shí)間內(nèi)的一次啟示-鼓勵(lì)人們?cè)跓o(wú)限的畫(huà)布上帶動(dòng)觀眾。 所有這些都是出于正確的意圖而生的–制作更好的幻燈片，以便您講更好的故事。 換句話說(shuō)，讓人們更好地溝通，并制作不會(huì)吸引人的幻燈片。

Image by Ginger Zumata圖片由Ginger Zumata提供

So what’s the problem? Because in most cases, Powerpoints continue to be uninspired, boring artifacts of the work, work, work. In fact, if you’ve spent any time in a sprawling corporate environment with layers upon layers of management, you’re probably very familiar with ‘rounds of revision’. We create our slides, and then revise, revise, revise as each member of the audience spends valuable time trying to tell you how to say it the way they would say it before it gets kicked on down the line. It can make it feel like your job is PowerPoint rather than thing that PowerPoint is supposed to communicate.

所以有什么問(wèn)題？ 因?yàn)樵诖蠖鄶?shù)情況下，Powerpoint仍然不受啟發(fā)，是工作，工作，工作的無(wú)聊產(chǎn)物 。 實(shí)際上，如果您花了很多時(shí)間在龐大的企業(yè)環(huán)境中，并進(jìn)行了層層管理，那么您可能對(duì)“輪次修訂”非常熟悉。 我們創(chuàng)建幻燈片，然后修改，修改，修改，因?yàn)橛^眾的每個(gè)成員都花費(fèi)寶貴的時(shí)間試圖告訴您如何用他們說(shuō)的方式說(shuō)出來(lái)，然后才能開(kāi)始。 它會(huì)讓您覺(jué)得您的工作是PowerPoint，而不是PowerPoint應(yīng)該傳達(dá)的東西。

We can do better.

我們可以做得更好。

Image by Ginger Zumaeta圖片由Ginger Zumaeta提供

大多數(shù)幻燈片演示應(yīng)具有變革性，但它們都是事務(wù)性的。 (Most slide presentations are transactional when they should be transformational.)

Slide presentations are meant to help us communicate. They shouldn’t be simply a container for facts and figures. They have the power to change how we understand the world, our companies, and our work. They can illuminate problems, and how we might solve them. They can inspire, instruct, and persuade action. But far too often, we forget to infuse the presentation with the emotion that we feel as we’re preparing it.

幻燈片演示文稿旨在幫助我們進(jìn)行交流。 它們不應(yīng)僅僅是事實(shí)和數(shù)據(jù)的容器。 他們有權(quán)改變我們對(duì)世界，我們的公司和我們的工作的了解 。 它們可以闡明問(wèn)題以及我們?nèi)绾谓鉀Q它們。 他們可以激發(fā)，指導(dǎo)和說(shuō)服行動(dòng)。 但是很多時(shí)候，我們忘了給演示文稿注入準(zhǔn)備時(shí)的感覺(jué)。

Here’s what Seth Godin pointed out in 2001 that was lost on most people. We have two sides of our brain. One (the left side) is the rules-based, rational side. The other (the right side) is the creative, emotional side. The reason we have two sides is because we need both to survive. We need both logic and emotion. Logic discerns there is a lion lurking in the brush; emotion says, ‘freeze, don’t flee!’. We need both logic and emotion in life, and we need them both in our presentation slides too. Here’s how you can do that.

塞斯·戈丁(Seth Godin)在2001年指出的這一點(diǎn)對(duì)大多數(shù)人來(lái)說(shuō)是迷路的。 我們的大腦有兩個(gè)方面 。 一個(gè)(左側(cè))是基于規(guī)則的理性方面 。 另一面(右側(cè))是創(chuàng)造力，情感方面 。 我們有兩個(gè)方面的原因是因?yàn)槲覀兌夹枰妗?我們需要邏輯和情感。 邏輯發(fā)現(xiàn)刷子中潛伏著一只獅子。 情感說(shuō)：“凍結(jié)，不要逃跑！”。 生活中我們既需要邏輯又需要情感， 在演示幻燈片中我們也需要邏輯和情感。 這是您可以執(zhí)行的操作。

Image by Ginger Zumaeta圖片由Ginger Zumaeta提供

使用視覺(jué)效果刺激情緒。 (Use visuals to stimulate emotion.)

But first, let’s think about why slide presentations exist in the first place. Why not a plain old document? And why the horizontal orientation?

但是首先，讓我們考慮一下為什么幻燈片演示首先存在。 為什么不使用普通的舊文件？ 以及為什么水平方向？

When slide software was invented, slides were intended to be viewed more like photographs which, before the smartphone, were almost always in a 4x3 (4 wide by 3 high) orientation. They were literal slides in a slide carousel that projected onto screens. Now you’ll often see 16x9 slides — wide format. And still, some folks can’t take the hint. They will fill that panorama with words and sentences so wide that you practically have to turn your head left to right repeatedly like a tennis umpire perched in her chair.

當(dāng)發(fā)明了幻燈片軟件時(shí)，幻燈片的觀看目的更像是照片，在智能手機(jī)之前，幻燈片幾乎總是以4x3(4寬x 3高)的方向放置。 它們是投影在屏幕上的幻燈片輪播中的文字幻燈片 。 現(xiàn)在，您將經(jīng)常看到16x9幻燈片-寬幅。 仍然，有些人無(wú)法接受提示。 他們將在寬廣的全景圖中填充如此廣泛的單詞和句子，以至于您幾乎不得不反復(fù)地左右搖頭，就像坐在椅子上的網(wǎng)球裁判一樣。

Image by Ginger Zumaeta圖片由Ginger Zumaeta提供

Now think. What are screens used for in virtually every other context? Stories! Visual stories.

現(xiàn)在想想。 幾乎在所有其他情況下，屏幕都有什么用？ 故事！ 視覺(jué)故事。

Okay, so what exactly should you be doing with your slides? What does a ‘homerun’ slide presentation look like? Here’s what Seth Godin said:

好的，那么您應(yīng)該如何使用幻燈片？ “本壘打”幻燈片演示是什么樣的？ 這是塞思·戈丁(Seth Godin)所說(shuō)的：

The home run is easy to describe: You put up a slide. It triggers an emotional reaction in the audience. They sit up and want to know what you’re going to say that fits in with that image. Then, if you do it right, every time they think of what you said, they’ll see the image (and vice versa).

本壘打很容易描述：您放了一張幻燈片。 它引起觀眾的情緒React 。 他們坐起來(lái)，想知道你要說(shuō)的是什么與那個(gè)形象吻合。 然后，如果您做對(duì)了，每當(dāng)他們想到您說(shuō)的內(nèi)容時(shí)，他們都會(huì)看到圖像 (反之亦然) 。

If you want to see how to do this really really well, just look to children's books.

如果您想真正真正地做到這一點(diǎn)，請(qǐng)閱讀兒童讀物。

The Cat In The Hat

帽子里的貓

• The Giving Tree
  給樹(shù)
• Winnie the Pooh
  維尼熊
• Where The Wild Things Are
  野外之物

Image by Ginger Zumaeta圖片由Ginger Zumaeta提供

If you’ve read any of those books, and chances are you have, what did you conjure up just now? Pictures. Your memory just flooded your mind with images to help you access the content of the book. Children’s books could teach us all something about presenting. Some of the most memorable children’s books are lean on words and big on visuals. The story is told in clear and simple language with visuals that provide a jumping off point into your own imagination. And there’s another thing. You felt something too, didn’t you?

如果您已閱讀其中任何一本書(shū)，并且有機(jī)會(huì)，您剛才想到了什么？ 圖片。 您的記憶力充斥著圖像，以幫助您訪問(wèn)本書(shū)的內(nèi)容。 兒童讀物可以教給我們有關(guān)展示的所有知識(shí)。 一些最令人難忘的兒童讀物偏向于文字，而視覺(jué)效果卻很大。 故事以清晰明了的語(yǔ)言講述， 并帶有視覺(jué)效果 ，使您跳入自己的想象空間。 還有另一件事。 你也有感覺(jué)，不是嗎？

In a research study published in Frontiers in Psychology about the link between emotions and memory, one research team found that “Emotion has a substantial influence on the cognitive processes in humans, including perception, attention, learning, memory, reasoning, and problem solving.”* Another team at MIT found that “memory improves when they are shown a higher percentage of memorable images.”* And, in the only study I could find specifically about presentation visuals, the researchers concluded that “Perceptions of the presenter as well as audience attention, comprehension, yielding, and retention are enhanced when presentation support (imagery) is used compared to when it is not. Presentations using visual aids were found to be 43% more persuasive than unaided presentations.”

在《 心理學(xué)前沿》上發(fā)表的一項(xiàng)關(guān)于情緒與記憶之間聯(lián)系的研究中，一個(gè)研究小組發(fā)現(xiàn)：“情緒對(duì)人類的認(rèn)知過(guò)程具有重大影響，包括感知，注意力，學(xué)習(xí)，記憶，推理和解決問(wèn)題的能力。 ” *麻省理工學(xué)院的另一個(gè)團(tuán)隊(duì)發(fā)現(xiàn)，“當(dāng)向人們展示更高比例的令人難忘的圖像時(shí)，記憶會(huì)有所改善。” *而且，在我可以專門(mén)找到的有關(guān)演示視覺(jué)效果的唯一研究中 ，研究人員得出的結(jié)論是：“與演示支持相比，使用演示支持( 圖像 )可以提高演示者的感知以及觀眾的注意力，理解力，屈服力和保留力”不是。 發(fā)現(xiàn)使用視覺(jué)輔助工具的演示比沒(méi)有輔助的演示更有說(shuō)服力43％。 ”

使用講故事進(jìn)行說(shuō)服并促使人們采取行動(dòng)。 (Use storytelling to persuade and get people to take action.)

But using visuals isn’t the whole story. In fact, to be effective in a presentation you must tell a story. Visuals are simply the mind’s container that will make that story memorable. To tell a great story, you need a basic story structure. And what is a story exactly? A story is the narration of a journey from some place to another. It’s a telling of a sequence of events that lead you from one stop on the journey to the next. And that’s what you need to capture in your presentation. What journey are you taking your audience on? A quick and easy way to set up a story is with this 3-part story structure.

但是，使用視覺(jué)效果并不是全部。 實(shí)際上，要使演示文稿有效，您必須講一個(gè)故事。 視覺(jué)僅僅是頭腦的容器，它將使這個(gè)故事令人難忘。 要講述一個(gè)偉大的故事，您需要一個(gè)基本的故事結(jié)構(gòu)。 故事到底是什么？ 故事是從某個(gè)地方到另一個(gè)地方的敘述。 這說(shuō)明了一系列事件，這些事件導(dǎo)致您從旅程的下一站到下一站。 這就是您需要在演示文稿中捕獲的內(nèi)容。 您是如何帶領(lǐng)觀眾的？ 通過(guò)一個(gè)三部分的故事結(jié)構(gòu) ，可以快速輕松地建立故事。

Context — What’s the situation now? What’s the ‘current state’ and if needed, the background on how you got here. Ex. Our sales suck, and we need to fix that.

上下文 -現(xiàn)在情況如何？ 什么是“當(dāng)前狀態(tài)”，如果需要的話，還有您到達(dá)這里的背景。 例如 我們的銷售不好，我們需要解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題。

Complication — What’s stopping you (or your audience) from moving forward? What is the obstacle? Is it an external villain (ex. Our competition is eating our lunch because . . . ); or is it something more nefarious (ex. The processes we’ve put in place have become so convoluted we’re spending more time managing our processes than creating a great product.)

并發(fā)癥 -是什么在阻止您(或您的聽(tīng)眾)前進(jìn)？ 有什么障礙？ 是外部的惡棍嗎(例如， 我們的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)是因?yàn)?…… 而吃了午餐 )； 還是更邪惡(例如，我們已經(jīng)建立的流程變得如此復(fù)雜，我們花費(fèi)更多的時(shí)間來(lái)管理流程，而不是創(chuàng)造出出色的產(chǎn)品。)

Resolution — What do you suggest doing about it?

解決方法 –您對(duì)此有何建議？

提出要求。 (Make the ask.)

One of the silliest mistakes that people make when giving presentations is wrapping things up before making a request. Think about why you’re there. Is it to ask for funding, get agreement on the next step of a project, get political buy-in on a new initiative, to point out a problem that is worth solving? You absolutely must get very clear about what it is that you want from your audience. If you didn’t need anything from them, there wouldn’t be a presentation in the first place. Sometimes you have an explicit ‘call to action’ (CTA), and sometimes it’s more nuanced.

人們?cè)谧鲅菔緯r(shí)犯的最嚴(yán)重的錯(cuò)誤之一就是在提出請(qǐng)求之前先將其包裝好。 想想你為什么在那里。 是要尋求資金，就項(xiàng)目的下一步達(dá)成協(xié)議，就一項(xiàng)新倡議獲得政治支持，還是要指出一個(gè)值得解決的問(wèn)題？ 您絕對(duì)必須非常清楚觀眾想要什么 。 如果您不需要他們提供任何幫助，那么首先不會(huì)進(jìn)行演示。 有時(shí)您會(huì)有明確的“號(hào)召性用語(yǔ)”(CTA)，有時(shí)則更為細(xì)微。

Explicit: ‘We need your approval to move this project to the next step.” Do you approve?

明確： “我們需要您的批準(zhǔn)才能將該項(xiàng)目移至下一步。” 你贊成嗎

Implicit: If we don’t solve this problem, this project will take twice as long as it should. Do you want me to tell you how to solve the problem? Or Do you want to divert resources to solving the problem?

隱式： 如果我們不解決此問(wèn)題，則該項(xiàng)目將花費(fèi)應(yīng)有時(shí)間的兩倍。 您要我告訴您如何解決問(wèn)題嗎？ 要么 您是否要轉(zhuǎn)移資源來(lái)解決問(wèn)題？

If there isn’t an opening for a discussion, why go through the effort of assembling an audience? Create that opening by making your ask. It could be as simple as ‘is this in line with your expectations?’

如果沒(méi)有討論的余地，為什么還要努力吸引觀眾呢？ 通過(guò)提出要求來(lái)創(chuàng)建該開(kāi)口。 可能很簡(jiǎn)單，例如“這符合您的期望嗎？”

That request is really an invitation, and it’s all about taking your presentation from transactional to transformational. If you get good at this, you may well find that you’ve even transformed your audience’s perception of you into someone they can’t do without.

該請(qǐng)求實(shí)際上是一個(gè)邀請(qǐng) ，而這一切都是關(guān)于將您的演示文稿從事務(wù)性轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)樽兏镄缘摹?如果您擅長(zhǎng)于此，那么您可能會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)自己甚至已經(jīng)將聽(tīng)眾對(duì)您的看法轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)樗麄冸x不開(kāi)的人。

結(jié)語(yǔ) (Wrapping Up)

Next time you sit down to prepare some slides, ask yourself:

下次您坐下來(lái)準(zhǔn)備一些幻燈片時(shí)，請(qǐng)問(wèn)自己：

• What do I have to say and why should they care? Get in touch with that before you start banging the keys.

  我要說(shuō)什么，他們?yōu)槭裁匆P(guān)心呢？ 開(kāi)始敲鍵之前，請(qǐng)與您取得聯(lián)系。

• Now, what do you want them to feel? Notice the pictures that come to mind, or maybe doodle a few to activate that part of your brain. Pretend you’re writing a children’s book.

  現(xiàn)在， 您希望他們有什么感覺(jué)？ 請(qǐng)注意出現(xiàn)的圖片，或者涂鴉一些以激活大腦的該部分。 假設(shè)您正在寫(xiě)兒童讀物。

• Now, without writing a novel, jot down the context, complication, and resolution. You should easily be able to get each on a sticky note.

  現(xiàn)在，不用寫(xiě)小說(shuō)，記下上下文，復(fù)雜性和解決方案 。 您應(yīng)該可以輕松地將每個(gè)粘貼在便箋上。

• Finally, what are you asking for? Don’t forget to make your ask and get an answer.

  最后， 您要什么？ 不要忘記提出您的要求并得到答案。

Here’s the whole thing in a quickie deck I made in Canva.

這是我在Canva制作的快速裝甲板中的全部?jī)?nèi)容。

Got all that done? Now you’re ready to start making a presentation that is less likely to suck. And if you can’t do that, think about rescheduling the meeting.

完成所有這些了嗎？ 現(xiàn)在，您可以開(kāi)始進(jìn)行不太可能吸引人的演示了。 如果您做不到，請(qǐng)考慮重新安排會(huì)議時(shí)間。

If all you want to do is create a file of facts and figures, then cancel the meeting and send in a report. — Seth Godin.

如果您要做的只是創(chuàng)建事實(shí)和數(shù)據(jù)文件，則取消會(huì)議并發(fā)送報(bào)告。 塞斯·戈丁(Seth Godin)。

翻譯自: https://uxdesign.cc/almost-every-powerpoint-sucks-rotten-eggs-24d806156bf0

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