hp-ux锁定用户密码_UX设计101：提出正确的问题-规划和促进用户访谈
hp-ux鎖定用戶密碼
這是什么？ (What is this?)
This session is part of a learning curriculum that I designed to incrementally skill up and empower a team of Designers and Researchers whose skillset and ways of working needed to evolve to keep up with changes in the way we think about and execute design.
本課程是學習課程的一部分，我設計該課程的目的是逐步提高技能，并增強一個設計師和研究人員團隊，他們的技能和工作方式需要不斷發展，以適應我們思考和執行設計方式的變化。
Each session in the curriculum aims to simplify the complexities of human-centered interaction design using real-life examples from my own professional experience alongside established theory from industry experts.
課程中的每個課程都旨在利用我自己的專業經驗中的真實示例以及行業專家的既定理論，簡化以人為本的交互設計的復雜性。
The sessions are intentionally structured as short, achievable hands-on learning workshops that balance technique (hands-on, doing) with theory (readout, presentation).
這些會議有意地組織成簡短的，可實現的動手學習研討會，使技術(動手，做事)與理論(讀出，演示)之間達到平衡。
For more info about this curriculum, please read: 👇👇🏼👇🏾
有關此課程的更多信息，請閱讀： 👇👇🏼👇🏾
Why am I sharing this? I have open-sourced this content to help others understand the fundamentals of human-centered interaction design and the multi-dimensional skillset needed to be successful in complex, collaborative environments.
我為什么要分享這個？ 我已經將此內容開源，以幫助其他人理解以人為中心的交互設計的基本知識以及在復雜的協作環境中取得成功所需的多維技能。
本屆會議的重點是什么？ (What is the focus of this session?)
Context — An understanding of how to approach the workCraft — An understanding of how to do the workCommunication — An understanding of how to interact and collaborate
上下文 -了解如何開展工作Craft.io -了解如何開展工作溝通 -了解如何互動和協作
本屆會議的目標是什么？ (What are the goals of this session?)
This session provides participants with an in-depth overview of the skills and techniques needed to effectively plan and facilitate moderated and unmoderated user interviews — including an understanding of when to you use interviews (and when not to), tips for being a neutral and unbiased moderator, and techniques for staying focused and effectively guiding an interview conversation.
本課程向參與者深入概述有效規劃和促進適度和不審慎的用戶訪談所需的技能和技術，包括了解何時使用訪談(何時不進行訪談) ，保持中立和公正的技巧主持人，以及保持專注并有效引導訪談對話的技術。
Additionally, it provides a step-by-step framework and techniques for planning and executing effective interviews, synthesizing your findings, and sharing your insights with others.
此外，它提供了逐步的框架和技術，可用于計劃和執行有效的采訪， 綜合您的發現并與他人共享您的見解 。
The participatory exercises in this session help participants apply the concepts presented during the session to a project they are working on (or have worked on in the past). Each exercise is incremental, building upon the previous, to help participants better understand how these user research techniques can be applied to the design challenges they face everyday.
本屆會議的參與式練習可幫助參與者將本屆會議期間提出的概念應用于他們正在從事(或過去從事過)的項目 。 每次練習都是在前一個練習的基礎上進行的，旨在幫助參與者更好地理解如何將這些用戶研究技術應用于他們每天面臨的設計挑戰。
為什么這個主題很重要？ (Why is this topic important?)
Having an in-depth understanding of the needs, behaviors, and psyche of your customers is a prerequisite to the facilitation of impactful human-centered product design and development.
深入了解客戶的需求，行為和心理是促進以人為本的有影響力的產品設計和開發的前提。
Understanding how to speak with someone to gain an understanding of their behavior is both art and science, it requires us to go beyond simply asking a list of questions. We need to master how to actively listen, then respond — guiding a conversation in new directions based on what is being said, while maintaining a focus that ensures we obtain relevant insights.
了解如何與某人交談以了解他們的行為既是藝術，也是科學，這要求我們超越簡單地提出問題的范圍。 我們需要掌握如何積極聆聽然后做出回應的方法-根據所說的內容引導對話朝著新的方向發展，同時保持專注以確保我們獲得相關的見解。
Mastering the foundational skillset associated with structuring and facilitating an effective user interview will set you up for success as a UX Research practitioner. These underlying techniques will also help you effectively structure research activities using other methodologies such as surveys, longitudinal studies, and contextual inquiry.
掌握與結構設計有關的基本技能并促進有效的用戶面試，將使您成功地成為UX研究從業人員。 這些基礎技術還將幫助您使用其他方法(例如調查，縱向研究和上下文詢問)有效地組織研究活動。
這次會議有哪些重要經驗教訓？ (What are the key learnings from this session?)
“A user interview is a UX research method during which a researcher asks one user questions about a topic of interest with the goal of learning about that topic.”
“用戶訪談是一種用戶體驗研究方法，在此過程中，研究人員向一個用戶詢問有關感興趣主題的問題，目的是學習該主題。”
User Interviews: How, When, and Why to Conduct Them”, Kara Pernice, 2018用戶訪談：如何，何時以及為什么進行 ”，卡拉·珀爾尼采，2018年用戶訪談可幫助我們了解人們的需求，習慣，行為和情感。 (User interviews help us understand people’s needs, habits, behaviors, and emotions.)
They allow us to listen, discuss and observe.
它們使我們能夠聆聽 ， 討論和觀察 。
Listen… to a user describe their needs, behaviors, preferences and attitudes, in their own words.
聆聽……用自己的話語描述用戶的需求，行為，喜好和態度。
Discuss… through an active dialogue to understand the context of a users’ needs, behaviors, preferences and attitudes.
通過……討論 進行主動對話以了解用戶需求，行為，偏好和態度的背景。
Observe… a users mannerisms as they talk and watch as they use a product or complete a task in front of us.
觀察……用戶在談論和觀看使用產品或完成我們面前的任務時的舉止。
用戶采訪可以是主持人或非主持人。 (User interviews can be Moderated or Unmoderated.)
A user interview can be executed via two formats, each with distinct pros and cons.
用戶采訪可以通過兩種格式執行，每種格式各有利弊。
Moderated Interviews — A one-on-one, verbal conversation with a participant that can be conducted in-person (e.g. face-to-face) or remotely (e.g. via video chat).
主持人訪談 —與參與者進行一對一的口頭對話，可以面對面(例如，面對面)或遠程(例如，通過視頻聊天)進行 。
Unmoderated Interviews — A set of pre-defined questions and activities completed independently by a participant via an online tool to provide feedback and record the session (e.g. usertesting.com).
無節制訪談 -參與者通過在線工具獨立完成的一組預定義問題和活動，以提供反饋并記錄會話(例如usertesting.com)。
用戶面試有什么好處？ (What are user interviews good for?)
User interviews provide qualitative insights (non-numerical data) that help us generate new ideas or identify areas of improvement in existing design.
用戶訪談提供了定性見解(非數值數據) ，可幫助我們產生新想法或確定現有設計的改進領域。
用戶面試提供： (User Interviews provide:)
Qualitative Insights (non-numerical data)…
定性 見解 (非數值數據) …
…that are more Attitudinal (what people say) than Behavioral (what people do)…
…… 比 行為 (人們做什么 ) 更像態度 (人們所說的 ) ……
…and more Generative — ideas and improvements (e.g. what should we build? How should we build it?)…
…以及更具創見性的想法和改進 (例如，我們應該構建什么？我們應該如何構建它？) …
…than Evaluative — user behavior at scale (e.g. did we build the thing right?).
…比 Evaluative －大規模的用戶行為 (例如，我們是否構建正確的東西？) 。
在決定進行用戶采訪之前，請記住，它們是我們可以激活的許多UX研究技術之一。 (Before deciding to conduct user interviews, remember, they are one of many UX Research techniques that we can activate.)
Before conducting user interviews, we should evaluate if this methodology is worth the effort, or if it is more efficient to use an alternative method or pre-existing source of data.
在進行用戶采訪之前，我們應該評估這種方法是否值得努力，或者使用替代方法或預先存在的數據源是否更有效。
To understand how to evaluate if the question you have is well formed and if it is should be answered via UX Research, see Session 07: Choosing the right methodology — Assessing the value of user research要了解如何評估您所遇到的問題是否格式正確以及是否應該通過UX Research進行回答，請參閱第07節：選擇正確的方法—評估用戶研究的價值進行討論。 (Structuring a discussion.)
A discussion is an exchange of sentiments, observations, opinions, or ideas. Understanding the structure of a discussion and the roles and responsibilities of participants will help ensure that you get the insights you need from your interviews
討論是情感，觀察，觀點或想法的交換 。 了解討論的結構以及參與者的角色和職責將有助于確保您從訪談中獲得所需的見解
在采訪中，主持人和參與者分別承擔不同的責任。 (During an interview, the Facilitator and Participant each have distinct responsibilities.)
A user interview involves two primary roles: a Facilitator (Interviewer) and a Participant (Interviewee) — each with distinct roles.
用戶訪談涉及兩個主要角色：主持人(訪談者)和參與者(受訪者) ，每個角色都有不同的角色。
Facilitator — Neutral party responsible for asking the participant questions, guiding the conversation, and remaining unbiased.
主持人 -中立的黨派，負責向參與者提問，指導對話并保持公正。
Participant — Interviewee responsible for answering questions and providing their sentiment, observations, opinions, or ideas.
參與者 -負責回答問題并提供其觀點，看法，觀點或想法的受訪 者 。
在采訪中，主持人需要在討論中發揮積極作用，同時保持中立和公正。 (During an interview, a facilitator needs to take an active role in the discussion, while remaining neutral and unbiased.)
A key aspect of remaining neutral and unbiased during an interview is not letting your existing beliefs, assumptions, or hypotheses influence how you ask a question.
在面試過程中保持中立和公正的一個關鍵方面是，不要讓您現有的信念，假設或假設影響您提出問題的方式。
- Ask open-ended questions 提出開放性問題
Ask about actual behavior (not intention)
詢問實際行為(非故意)
- Avoid leading questions 避免提出主要問題
- Avoid binary and compound questions 避免二元和復合問題
- Avoid pointing out issues 避免指出問題
有效的討論在流動性和結構之間取得平衡。 (Effective discussions strike a balance between fluidity & structure.)
Fluidity — Improvising and letting a conversation flow organically.
流動性 -改善并讓對話有機地進行。
Structure — Guiding the discussion, ensuring we get the insights we need.
結構 -引導討論，確保我們獲得所需的見解。
我們可以使用采訪信標來確保我們收集所需的信息，同時使討論保持流暢。 (We can use Interview Beacons to ensure that we collect the information we need, while allowing a discussion to remain fluid.)
Interview Beacons = Context + Scenario + Outcome.
面試信標= 情境 + 情景 + 結果 。
Additionally, we can interpret user behavior by understanding these 3 facets of their interaction with a product or service as they attempt to complete a goal and satisfy a need.
此外，我們可以通過理解用戶與產品或服務交互的這三個方面來解釋用戶的行為，以幫助他們完成目標并滿足需求。
Context — The internal & external factors that frame a users’ interaction with a product or service.
上下文 -構成用戶與產品或服務交互的內部和外部因素。
Scenario — How a user interacts with a product or service as they attempt to satisfy their need or goal.
場景 -用戶在嘗試滿足其需求或目標時如何與產品或服務進行交互。
Outcome — What a user does, and how they feel, after they are done interacting with a product or service.
成果 -與產品或服務進行交互之后，用戶的行為以及他們的感受。
Together, these 3 facets of an interaction provide an understanding of their motivations and behaviors — Who, What, Where, When, Why, and How.
互動的這三個方面共同提供了對其動機和行為的了解- 誰 ， 什么 ， 何時 何地 ， 何時 ， 為什么以及如何 。
Context helps us Understand — Gain a rich understanding of the context around a users interaction including their motivations and drivers.
上下文可幫助我們理解 -圍繞用戶交互(包括他們的動機和驅動力)獲得對上下文的豐富理解。
Scenarios help us Relate — Gain a deeper understanding of the actions that a user takes by correlating their actions with their context.
方案幫助我們相關 -增益，用戶需要通過自己的行為與它們的上下文相關的行動有了更深的了解。
Outcomes help us Tie-it-together — Round out our understanding of a user’s behavior by understanding what they do, and how they feel, after their interaction.
結果幫助我們緊密聯系在一起 -通過了解用戶的行為和交互后的感受，完善對用戶行為的了解。
作為協助者，我們可以使用面試信標來確保我們保持專注并收集我們需要的所有見解。 (As a facilitator, we can use Interview Beacons to ensure we stay focused and gather all of the insights we need.)
它們可以用來： (They can be used to:)
- Frame and articulate interview goals 制定和闡明面試目標
- Plan our interview and structure an effective discussion guide 計劃我們的采訪并組織有效的討論指南
- Quickly assess if there are gaps in our discussion, on-the-fly, in real-time, during an interview 在面試中實時，實時，快速地評估我們的討論中是否存在差距
面試信標將幫助您在面試過程中保持專注，但是您仍然需要做好準備，以免超出常規。 (Interview Beacons will help keep you focused during an interview, but you still need to be prepared to go off-script.)
We need to ensure that we obtain the insights we need, while improvising and letting a conversation flow organically.
我們需要確保獲得所需的見解，同時即興并使對話有機地進行。
我們可以使用訪談信標(上下文+場景+結果)來為訪談構建討論指南。 (We can use Interview Beacons (Context + Scenario + Outcome) to structure a discussion guide for our interview.)
A discussion guide will help us visualize our interview structure in order to ensure that we obtain the insights we need, while improvising and letting a conversation flow organically.
討論指南將幫助我們可視化采訪結構，以確保我們獲得所需的見解，同時即興并使對話有機地進行。
For more on moderated & unmoderated discussion guides, see the facilitation deck in section “D” below.👇👇🏼👇🏾有關主持人和非主持人的討論指南的更多信息，請參見下面“ D”部分中的簡化手續。👇👇🏼👇🏾進行有效的用戶采訪。 (Running an effective user interview.)
Running an effective user interview is a four-step process — each step building upon the previous.
進行有效的用戶訪談需要四個步驟，每個步驟都基于前一個步驟。
步驟01：計劃面試。 (Step 01: Planning your interview.)
Setting yourself up for success during your interviews.
在面試中為成功做好準備。
任務： (Tasks:)
- Decide on your interview type: moderated or unmoderated 確定面試類型：主持或不主持
- Finalize your test plan, goals, & outcomes 最終確定您的測試計劃，目標和結果
- Create discussion guides or unmoderated task-flows 創建討論指南或不受限制的任務流程
- Choose, set-up and test your tools and technology 選擇，設置和測試您的工具和技術
步驟02：尋找參與者。 (Step 02: Sourcing participants.)
Finding and recruiting the right participants for your interviews.
尋找和招募合適的參與者進行面試。
任務： (Tasks:)
- Define targeting criteria 定義定位條件
- Source potential participants 吸引潛在參與者
- Draft outreach communication 草擬外展交流
- Contact, schedule and confirm 聯系，安排和確認
步驟03：方便面試。 (Step 03: Facilitating your interviews.)
Assembling your research team and conducting your interviews.
組建研究團隊并進行采訪。
任務： (Tasks:)
- Assemble your team & assign roles 組建團隊并分配角色
- Set context & get permission 設置上下文并獲得許可
- Facilitate discussion & activities 促進討論和活動
- Document sessions in real-time 實時記錄會議
步驟04：整理面試內容。 (Step 04: Wrapping-up your interviews.)
Regrouping and reflecting on what you heard during your interviews.
重新組合并反思您在面試中聽到的內容。
任務： (Tasks:)
- Post-interview, regroup as a team 面試后，重新分組
- Organize and document raw data 組織和記錄原始數據
Reflect and course-correct (before your next interview)
反思并修正課程(在下一次面試之前)
- Get ready to do it all over again 準備再做一次
綜合和分享您學到的東西。 (Synthesizing & sharing what you learned.)
Synthesis is the process of developing a holistic view of information gathered from interviews to identify problem areas and formulate effective recommendations.
綜合是對訪談收集的信息進行整體理解的過程，以確定問題領域并提出有效的建議 。
使用“相似性映射”識別定性數據中的趨勢，主題和模式。 (Identifying trends, themes, and patterns in your qualitative data using Affinity Mapping.)
An Affinity Map is a physical, tactile and editable artifact that allows us to efficiently analyze the “Why?” by organizing “What” was said, then identifying themes and asking questions.
親和圖是一種物理，觸覺和可編輯的工件，可讓我們有效地分析“為什么？” 通過組織“說什么” ，然后確定主題并提出問題。
Step 01: Capture observations — Write down observations and quotes from your interviews, one per post-it note.
步驟01：捕獲觀察結果—記下訪談中的觀察結果和報價，每個便條紙一個。
Step 02: Theme observations — Place observations into groupings based on similarities and trends.
步驟02：主題觀察-根據相似性和趨勢將觀察分組。
Step 03: Analyze & extract insights — As you move through the process, discuss, ask questions, iteratively refine and rename your groupings, identify patterns, and develop hypotheses.
步驟03：分析和提取見解-在整個過程中，討論，提出問題，迭代地完善和重命名分組，確定模式并提出假設。
最后一步-分享您所學。 (The final step — sharing what you learned.)
Sharing interview insights with others in a way that they can quickly and easily understand is a critical final step in your research efforts.
以一種可以快速，輕松地理解的方式與他人共享訪談見解，這是您研究工作中至關重要的最后一步。
簡單的講故事技術將幫助其他人理解。 (Simple storytelling techniques will help other understand.)
To help others understand what we learned, we need to develop simple storytelling constructs that make our research insights tangible, quick to explain, and easily comprehensible at-a-glance.
為了幫助其他人了解我們所學，我們需要開發簡單的講故事結構，使我們的研究見解切實，快速地解釋并且一目了然。
Key takeaways — 3–5 compelling and easy-to-understand learnings from your research.
關鍵要點 -從研究中獲得3–5個引人入勝且易于理解的學習。
Logical constructs — Simple diagrams that illustrate connected aspects of your learnings in an orderly way.
邏輯結構 —簡單的圖表，以有序的方式說明您學習的相關方面。
Guiding principles — 3–5 principles coming out of your research that will be used to guide future decision making.
指導原則 -從研究中得出的3–5條原則將用于指導未來的決策。
Action items/recommendations — A list of suggested short, mid and long-term action items coming out of your research.
行動項目/建議 -研究中提出的建議的短期，中期和長期行動項目列表。
More complex research artifacts can also be used to convey detailed findings. However, consider your audience before using these as your primary storytelling device — additional complexity increases time to comprehension.
更復雜的研究成果也可以用來傳達詳細的發現。 但是，在將它們用作主要的講故事設備之前，請先考慮您的聽眾-額外的復雜性會增加理解時間。
本次會議如何安排和促進？ (How is this session structured & facilitated?)
This session is a mix of theory and short, hands-on activities that enable participants to apply concepts in real-time.
本次會議結合了理論和簡短的動手操作，使參與者能夠實時應用概念。
Participants are first walked through an in-depth overview of user interviews including the different forms they can take, how they can be used and what they are good for. They are then introduced to a four-step framework for effectively planning and conducting their own user interviews followed by techniques for synthesizing what they heard and sharing insights with others.
首先，參與者將深入了解用戶訪談，包括他們可以采用的不同形式，如何使用它們以及它們的優點。 然后將他們介紹給一個四步框架，以有效地計劃和進行他們自己的用戶訪談，然后是綜合他們聽到的內容并與他人共享見解的技術。
Throughout the session, several short, hands-on exercises are used to reinforce the content.
在整個會話中，將使用一些簡短的動手練習來增強內容。
The facilitator deck & exercise structure can be reviewed below. 👇👇🏼👇🏾
主持人平臺和練習結構可以在下面進行審查。 👇👇🏼👇🏾
您如何在本課程中執行練習？ (How can you execute the exercises in this lesson?)
There are five, short-medium length, participatory exercises intertwined within the content of this session — each lesson builds upon the previous.
在本次會議的內容中，有五項中短的參與式練習相互交織-每節課都基于前一課。
假設的研究目標。 (Hypothetical research goal.)
For all five exercises, participants are asked to consider a hypothetical scenario — to imagine that they are preparing to conduct a series of interviews with the goal of establishing a foundational understanding of how people use a backpack.
對于所有這五個練習，要求參與者考慮一個假設的場景-想象他們正在準備進行一系列訪談，以期建立對人們如何使用背包的基礎理解。
練習01- 編寫面試問題。 (10分鐘) (Exercise 01 — Writing interview questions. (10 mins))
The goal of this exercise is to practice writing effective questions for a moderated user interview.
本練習的目的是練習編寫有效的問題，以進行受審核的用戶面試。
In this exercise, participants are asked to think about the hypothetical scenario provided (above) in order to, first, identify a list of topics they would want to discuss during their interviews, then using those topics, write interview question that would help them achieve their goal of establishing a foundational understanding of how people use a backpack.
在此練習中，要求參與者考慮(以上)提供的假設情景，以便首先確定他們要在面試中討論的主題列表，然后使用這些主題，寫出有助于他們實現面試的問題他們的目標是建立人們對背包使用方式的基本了解。
練習1：格式。 (Exercise 1: Format.)
After providing participants with an overview of how to structure a discussion we well as the do’s and don’t around how to ask questions in order to avoid confirmation bias (see facilitation deck above), ask participants to think about the hypothetical scenario provided.
在為參與者提供了如何組織討論的概述之后，我們圍繞如何提出問題避免了確認偏差(請參見上面的簡化說明) ，請參與者考慮所提供的假設情景。
Using the hypothetical interview scenario (above), prompt participants to brainstorm a list of topics that you could ask interview participants in order to understand how they use a backpack.
使用假設的采訪場景(上文) ，提示參與者集思廣益，您可以詢問受訪者以了解他們如何使用背包的主題列表。
Pro-tip: Mind mapping will help your brainstorm!
專家提示：思維導圖將幫助您集思廣益！
- Next, have participants identify the top 3 most important topics from their list, then have them write a few questions that they could use during their interviews. 接下來，讓參與者從列表中找出最重要的3個主題，然后讓他們寫下一些可以在面試中使用的問題。
- As they write their questions, remind them that their goal is to understand the unique perspective of the person they are interviewing and to make sure they are writing open-ended questions that probe at actual behavior, not what they assume their interviewee does or feels. 當他們寫問題時，提醒他們，他們的目標是了解被采訪者的獨特視角，并確保他們寫的是開放性問題，以探討實際行為，而不是假設受訪者的行為或感受。
練習1：總結。 (Exercise 1: Wrapping-up.)
After the exercise, prompt participants to spend a few minutes sharing and discussing their thinking, then provide an example of your own.
練習后，提示參與者花幾分鐘時間分享和討論他們的想法，然后提供一個自己的例子。
練習02 — 編寫討論指南。 (15分鐘) (Exercise 02— Crafting a discussion guide. (15 mins))
The goal of this exercise is to practice using Interview Beacons to craft a discussion guide for a moderated user interview.
該練習的目的是練習使用“采訪信標”來擬定針對主持人的用戶采訪的討論指南。
This exercise builds upon the previous exercise. Participants are asked to think deeper and expand upon the list of questions they previously created in order to craft questions that will provide an understanding of Context, Scenario and Outcome during their interview.
本練習以之前的練習為基礎。 要求參與者更深入地思考和擴展他們先前創建的問題列表，以提出可以在面試中理解背景 ， 場景和結果的問題。
練習2：格式。 (Exercise 2: Format.)
After providing participants with an overview of what Interview Beacons are, and how they can use them to craft moderated or unmoderated discussion guides (see facilitation deck above), ask participants to use the list of topics and the short list of questions they developed in Activity 01 as as base to…
在向參與者提供了關于采訪信標是什么以及他們如何使用它們來制作主持人或非主持人的討論指南的概述之后(請參見上面的便利說明) ，請參與者使用他們在活動中開發的主題列表和簡短問題列表以01為基礎…
Draft 2–5 ‘Context’ questions that will help them understand of the context of a users’ interaction with a product/service.
草案2–5“ 情境 ”問題將幫助他們理解用戶與產品/服務交互的情境。
Draft 2–5 ‘Scenario’ questions that will help them understand the actions that a user takes during their interaction.
草案2–5“ 方案 ”問題將幫助他們理解用戶在交互過程中所采取的操作。
Draft 2–5 ‘Outcome’ questions that will help them understand what they did and how they felt after their interaction.
草案2–5“ 結果 ”問題將幫助他們理解自己的所作所為以及互動后的感受。
練習2：總結。 (Exercise 2: Wrapping-up.)
After the exercise, prompt participants to spend a few minutes sharing and discussing their thinking, then provide an example of your own.
練習后，提示參與者花幾分鐘時間分享和討論他們的想法，然后提供一個自己的例子。
練習03- 練習面試。 (60分鐘) (Exercise 03 — Practice interviews. (60 mins))
The goal of this exercise is to practice conducting moderated user interviews.
本練習的目的是練習進行主持人的用戶采訪。
This exercise builds upon the previous exercise. Participants are asked to complete 2-3 interviews, using the discussion guide they created to help facilitate the discussion.
本練習以之前的練習為基礎。 要求參與者使用他們創建的有助于促進討論的討論指南來完成2-3個采訪。
練習3：格式。 (Exercise 3: Format.)
Throughout the session, leading up to this point, you will have provided participants with techniques for how to ask effective questions and strike a balance between fluidity & structure during a discussion (see facilitation deck above). In this exercise, prompt participants to practice these techniques with others in the room using the questions they developed in Activity 02.
在整個會議期間，直到現在，您將為參與者提供技巧，使他們能夠在討論過程中提出有效的問題并在流動性和結構之間取得平衡(請參見上面的簡化說明) 。 在本練習中，提示參與者使用他們在活動02中提出的問題與教室中的其他人一起練習這些技術。
- First, have your participants pair-up in groups of 2. 首先，將您的參與者分成2人一組。
Each pair will spend 10 minutes together having a discussion. During this time, one person will take on the role of interviewer, one the role of interviewee.
每對將花費10分鐘一起進行討論。 在此期間，一個人將在面試官的角色，一位受訪者的角色。
Prompt each group to spend 7 minutes having a discussion — during this time, the interviewer will ask the interviewee about their experience using a backpack.
促使每個小組花7分鐘進行討論-在這段時間內， 訪問者將詢問受訪者他們使用背包的經歷。
Remind them both to respect their roles and, for the interviewer, not to forget to use their interview guide and take notes!
提醒他們都尊重自己的角色，對于面試官來說 ，不要忘記使用面試指南并做筆記！
After each 7 minute discussion, give the interviewer 3 minutes to organize their notes, jot down key takeaways before moving on to the next interview.
每次進行7分鐘的討論后，請給面試者 3分鐘的時間整理筆記，記下要點，然后再進行下一次面試。
Next, switch groups and switch your role (interviewer <> interviewee).
接下來，切換組并切換您的角色(采訪者<>受訪者)。
Repeat! (3 times as interview, 3 times as interviewee)
重復！ (3次為采訪，3次為受訪者)
練習3：總結。 (Exercise 3: Wrapping-up.)
After the exercise, prompt participants to spend a few minutes sharing and discussing their experience. What went well? What was challenging?
練習后，提示參與者花幾分鐘時間分享和討論他們的經驗。 一切順利嗎？ 有什么挑戰？
練習04 — 綜合訪談。 (30分鐘) (Exercise 04 — Synthesizing interviews. (30 mins))
The goal of this exercise is to practice using Affinity Mapping to capture and theme interview observations.
本練習的目的是練習使用“親和度映射”來捕獲和主題訪談觀察。
This exercise builds upon the previous exercise. Participants are asked to capture relevant observation from the mock interviews conducted in Exercise 03 on post-it notes, then group related observations based on common themes that they see.
本練習以之前的練習為基礎。 要求參與者從練習03中針對便箋進行的模擬訪談中獲取相關意見，然后根據他們看到的共同主題將相關意見分組。
練習4：格式。 (Exercise 4: Format.)
After providing participants with an overview of what synthesis is, introducing them to Affinity Mapping and walking them through a real-world example (see facilitation deck above), ask participants to think about what they saw and heard during their mock interviews.
在為參與者提供了什么是綜合的概述之后，向他們介紹了親和力映射并通過一個真實的示例進行介紹(請參見上面的便利說明) ，然后讓參與者考慮他們在模擬訪談中看到和聽到的內容。
- Provide post-it notes and a Sharpie for this exercise. 為此練習提供便利貼和Sharpie。
Step 1: Capture Observations — Prompt participants to review the notes they took during their interviews. As they review, have them use their Sharpie to write down observations, statements and quotes that they find relevant, individually, on post-it notes.
第1步：捕獲觀察結果 -提示參與者查看他們在訪談中記下的筆記。 當他們審閱時，請他們使用Sharpie在便利貼上寫下他們認為相關的觀察，陳述和報價。
Step 02: Theme Observations — After they have written a few things down, instruct participants to begin to move their observations, statements and quotes into groupings based on similarities and trends.
步驟02：主題觀察-在寫下一些內容后，指示參與者開始根據相似性和趨勢將他們的觀察，陳述和引語分組。
- As they form groups, instruct them to label their groups with a short, descriptive name. 當他們組成小組時，指示他們用簡短的描述性名稱標記他們的小組。
Pro-tip: Give each grouping a short title that summarizes your interpretation of what the grouping represents (a behavior, desire, pain point, etc…)
專家提示： 給每個分組一個簡短的標題，以總結您對該分組所代表的含義(行為，欲望，痛點等)的解釋。
練習4：總結。 (Exercise 4: Wrapping-up.)
After the exercise, prompt participants to spend a few minutes sharing and discussing their experience. What went well? What was challenging?
練習后，提示參與者花幾分鐘時間分享和討論他們的經驗。 一切順利嗎？ 有什么挑戰？
練習05 — 確定關鍵要點。 (10分鐘) (Exercise 05 — Identifying key takeaways. (10 mins))
The goals of this exercise is to practice identifying and extracting insights from an Affinity Map of themes.
本練習的目的是練習從主題相似性地圖中識別和提取見解。
This exercise builds upon the previous exercise. Participants are challenged to identify 3–5 interviews insights using the Affinity Mapping of trends and themes that they created in Exercise 04.
本練習以之前的練習為基礎。 使用練習04中創建的趨勢和主題的相似性映射，要求參與者識別3–5個訪談見解。
練習5：格式。 (Exercise 5: Format.)
Building upon the introduction to Affinity Mapping and the real-world example you walked participants through before Exercise 04 (see facilitation deck above), ask participants to analyze their themed observations to identify insights.
在“親和性貼圖”的介紹和您在練習04之前向參與者介紹的真實示例的基礎上(請參見上方的便利說明) ，請參與者分析其主題觀察以識別見解。
Challenge participants to use the themes and trends they identified in their Affinity Map to distill what they heard into 3–5 key takeaways — the What and Why.
挑戰參與者，利用他們在“親和力地圖”中確定的主題和趨勢將他們聽到的內容提煉成3–5個關鍵要點-“ 什么”和“ 為什么” 。
Remind them people rarely say what they need, do what they say they do, or do what they think they do — it’s up to them (the UX Researcher) to interpret what they say and do and figure out what it means.
提醒他們，人們很少說他們需要什么，做他們說的事情或做他們認為做的事情-由他們(UX研究人員)來解釋他們說的和做的事情，弄清楚這意味著什么。
To help participants begin to understand the process of extracting insights, provide them with a list of “considerations” to get them thinking in the right frame of mind (see below).
為了幫助參與者開始理解洞察力的過程，請為他們提供“注意事項”列表，以使他們在正確的心態中進行思考(請參閱下文) 。
- Instruct participants to write each of their takeaways individually, on a post-it note, using their Sharpie. 指示參與者使用他們的Sharpie在便簽紙上單獨寫下每個外賣食品。
- As participants identify takeaways, have them to frame their insights from the perspective of the end-user. 當參與者確定要點時，請他們從最終用戶的角度來構筑見解。
Providing participants with examples of “I” statements (see below) will help them understand how to frame their insights from a user’s perspective.
向參與者提供“ I”語句的示例(見下文)將幫助他們理解如何從用戶的角度來構建自己的見解。
練習5：總結。 (Exercise 5: Wrapping-up.)
After the exercise, prompt participants to spend a few minutes sharing and discussing their experience. What went well? What was challenging?
練習后，提示參與者花幾分鐘時間分享和討論他們的經驗。 一切順利嗎？ 有什么挑戰？
資源：面試指南模板。 (Resources: Interview guide templates.)
The shared resources below can be used as reference when you and your team are planning and conducting moderated or unmoderated user interviews.
當您和您的團隊計劃并進行主持或不主持的用戶采訪時，下面的共享資源可用作參考。
模板01：適度的測試計劃和討論指南。 (Template 01: Moderated test plan & discussion guide.)
Editable Google Doc and real-world example that you can use to help plan and facilitate an in-person (or remote) moderated user interview.
您可以使用可編輯的Google文檔和真實示例來幫助計劃和促進親自(或遠程)主持的用戶采訪。
View and download editable template
查看和下載可編輯模板
View and download completed example
查看并下載完成的示例
模板02：未經審核的測試計劃和任務流程。 (Template 02: Unmoderated test plan & task flow.)
Editable Google Doc and real-world example that you can use to help plan and facilitate an unmoderated user interview using a facilitation tool such as usertesting.com.
您可以使用可編輯的Google Doc和真實示例，使用諸如usertesting.com等便利工具來幫助計劃和促進未經審核的用戶采訪。
View and download editable template
查看和下載可編輯模板
View and download completed example
查看并下載完成的示例
本系列的下一期是什么？ (What’s the next session in this series?)
The next session in this series provides participants with an understanding of the skills and techniques needed to establish a 360° understanding of the context around their work — an understanding of Customers, Themselves (their company or client), and The World (around their company or client).
本系列的下一部分課程將使參與者對建立360度對工作環境的理解所需的技能和技巧的理解-對客戶， 他們自己(他們的公司或客戶)和世界(在他們公司周圍 )的理解或客戶)。
Session 09: Uncovering your clients unspoken needs — 360° landscape analysis 👇🏼
主題09：發現客戶的潛在需求-360°全景分析👇🏼
The topics and hands-on exercises covered in this session provide an understanding of the value of having a 360° understanding, what it entails, and the variables that we can consider in order to establish a 360° understanding.
本課程涵蓋的主題和動手練習提供了對360°理解的價值，它所包含的內容以及為建立360°理解而可以考慮的變量的理解。
Additionally, it provides an in-depth look at four analysis variables that we can use to establish a 360° understanding and provides real-world examples of how we can start small, to get an analysis up and running quickly.
此外，它深入研究了可用于建立360°理解的四個分析變量，并提供了一些實際示例，說明了我們如何從小處著手，以快速啟動分析并快速進行分析。
下一步是什么？ (What’s next?)
Thank you for reading! Over the next few months, I will continue to add detailed session plans for each of the sessions outlined in this curriculum. In the meantime, any and all feedback is appreciated. 💭
感謝您的閱讀！ 在接下來的幾個月中，我將繼續為本課程中概述的每個課程添加詳細的課程計劃。 同時，感謝所有反饋。 💭
翻譯自: https://blog.prototypr.io/ux-design-101-asking-the-right-questions-planning-facilitating-user-interviews-a85751b33230
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