学以致用——使用莱斯利矩阵模型预测蠵龟种群数量的演变(Demographics of the Loggerhead Sea Turtle using Leslie population model)
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学以致用——使用莱斯利矩阵模型预测蠵龟种群数量的演变(Demographics of the Loggerhead Sea Turtle using Leslie population model)
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學了線性代數,感覺像是打開了一個通往新世界的大門,非常神奇。
本文講述使用萊斯利矩陣模型預測蠵龜種群數量的演變。
首先,蠵龜(Loggerhead Sea Turtle)的種群基本信息如下表所示:
| Table 1?? Four-Stage Model for Loggerhead Sea Turtle Demographics | ? | ? | |
| Stage Number | ?Description? (age in years)???????????????????????? | Annual? survivorship | Eggs laid per year |
| 1 | ?Eggs, hatchlings (<1)? | 0.67 | 0 |
| 2 | ?Juveniles and subadults (1–21) | 0.74 | 0 |
| 3 | Novice breeders (22) | 0.81 | 127 |
| 4 | Mature breeders (23–54) | 0.81 | 79 |
然后,使用以下公式可計算各階段的留存率(proportion remaining in stage i),
?
再使用以下公式計算各階段生存下來并成功進入下一階段的概率,
?
這樣,可以計算出Leslie模型中用到一些參數的值如下:
| pi | qi | di |
| 0 | 0.67 | 1 |
| 0.73936808 | 0.00063192 | 20 |
| 0 | 0.81 | 1 |
| 0.809723037 | 0.000276963 | 31 |
?
各參數的說明如下:
| Note:? | ? | ? | ? |
| 1. di represents the duration of the ith stage | ? | ? | |
| 2. si is the annual survivorship rate for that stage | ? | ? | |
| 3. pi is the proportion remaining in stage i the following year | ? | ? | |
| 4. e2, e3, e4 denote the average number of eggs laid by a member of stage i (i = 2, 3, 4) in 1 year | |||
| 5. qi proportion of the population that will survive and move into stage i + 1 | ? | ||
?萊斯利模型如下,
| Leslie Matrix Model: | ? | ? | ? |
| p1 | e2 | e3 | e4 |
| q1 | p2 | 0 | 0 |
| 0 | q2 | p3 | 0 |
| 0 | 0 | q3 | p4 |
?將上述已知及計算出的參數填入上述萊斯利模型,得到如下萊斯利矩陣:
| Leslie Matrix: | ? | ? | ? |
| 0 | 0 | 127 | 79 |
| 0.67 | 0.7394 | 0 | 0 |
| 0 | 0.000632 | 0 | 0 |
| 0 | 0 | 0.81 | 0.8077 |
然后,使用矩陣乘法及VBA宏代碼,計算出以下結果:
| Stage Number | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 |
| year0 (Initial Population) | 200000 | 300000 | 500 | 1500 |
| year1 | 182000 | 355820 | 190 | 1617 |
| year2 | 151873 | 385033 | 225 | 1460 |
| year3 | 143915 | 386448 | 243 | 1361 |
| year4 | 138380 | 382163 | 244 | 1296 |
| year5 | 133372 | 375286 | 242 | 1244 |
| year6 | 129010 | 366846 | 237 | 1201 |
| year7 | 124978 | 357683 | 232 | 1162 |
| year8 | 121262 | 348206 | 226 | 1126 |
| year9 | 117656 | 338709 | 220 | 1093 |
| year10 | 114287 | 329271 | 214 | 1061 |
| year11 | 110997 | 320035 | 208 | 1030 |
| year12 | 107786 | 311002 | 202 | 1000 |
| year13 | 104654 | 302171 | 197 | 971 |
| year14 | 101728 | 293543 | 191 | 944 |
| year15 | 98833 | 285203 | 186 | 917 |
| year16 | 96065 | 277097 | 180 | 891 |
| year17 | 93249 | 269249 | 175 | 865 |
| year18 | 90560 | 261560 | 170 | 840 |
| year19 | 87950 | 254073 | 165 | 816 |
| year20 | 85419 | 246788 | 161 | 793 |
| year21 | 83094 | 239706 | 156 | 771 |
| year22 | 80721 | 232912 | 151 | 749 |
| year23 | 78348 | 226298 | 147 | 727 |
| year24 | 76102 | 219818 | 143 | 706 |
| year25 | 73935 | 213522 | 139 | 686 |
| year26 | 71847 | 207415 | 135 | 667 |
| year27 | 69838 | 201500 | 131 | 648 |
| year28 | 67829 | 195781 | 127 | 629 |
| year29 | 65820 | 190206 | 124 | 611 |
| year30 | 64017 | 184738 | 120 | 594 |
| year31 | 62166 | 179487 | 117 | 577 |
| year32 | 60442 | 174364 | 113 | 561 |
| year33 | 58670 | 169421 | 110 | 545 |
| year34 | 57025 | 164579 | 107 | 529 |
| year35 | 55380 | 159896 | 104 | 514 |
| year36 | 53814 | 155332 | 101 | 499 |
| year37 | 52248 | 150908 | 98 | 485 |
| year38 | 50761 | 146588 | 95 | 471 |
| year39 | 49274 | 142397 | 93 | 457 |
| year40 | 47914 | 138302 | 90 | 444 |
| year41 | 46506 | 134363 | 87 | 432 |
| year42 | 45177 | 130507 | 85 | 419 |
| year43 | 43896 | 126765 | 82 | 407 |
| year44 | 42567 | 123140 | 80 | 395 |
| year45 | 41365 | 119570 | 78 | 384 |
| year46 | 40242 | 116125 | 76 | 373 |
| year47 | 39119 | 112825 | 73 | 363 |
| year48 | 37948 | 109633 | 71 | 352 |
| year49 | 36825 | 106488 | 69 | 342 |
| year50 | 35781 | 103410 | 67 | 332 |
?這和教材中的結果很接近(具體差異應該是參數的細微差異導致的)。
結論:
50年以后,這種動物所剩數量將大幅減少,看來這種動物屬于瀕危動物了。?
?
參考:
教材中的完整案例如下,
?
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總結
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