Process
涉及模塊：multiprocessing

---

• Process

  • p = Process()
  • p.start()
  • p.join()

from multiprocessing import Process import os# 子進程要執行的代碼 def run_proc(name):print('Run child process %s (%s)...' % (name, os.getpid()))if __name__=='__main__':print('Parent process %s.' % os.getpid())p = Process(target=run_proc, args=('test',))print('Child process will start.')p.start()p.join()print('Child process end.')

• Pool

  • p=Pool(5)
  • p.apply_async(func,**args)
  • p.close()
  • p.join()

from multiprocessing import Pool import os, time, randomdef long_time_task(name):print('Run task %s (%s)...' % (name, os.getpid()))start = time.time()time.sleep(random.random() * 3)end = time.time()print('Task %s runs %0.2f seconds.' % (name, (end - start)))if __name__=='__main__':print('Parent process %s.' % os.getpid())p = Pool(4)for i in range(5):p.apply_async(long_time_task, args=(i,))print('Waiting for all subprocesses done...')p.close()p.join()print('All subprocesses done.')

Thread
涉及模塊：threading

• Thread
  • t = threading.Thread(target=xxx,name=xxx,args=(xxx,xxx))
  • t.start()
  • t.join()
  • threading.curent_thread().name
  • l = threading.Lock()
  • l.acquire()
  • l.release()

import time, threading# 新線程執行的代碼: def loop(s):print(s)print('thread %s is running...' % threading.current_thread().name)n = 0while n < 5:n = n + 1print('thread %s >>> %s' % (threading.current_thread().name, n))time.sleep(1)print('thread %s ended.' % threading.current_thread().name)print('thread %s is running...' % threading.current_thread().name) t = threading.Thread(target=loop, name='LoopThread', args=('a',)) t.start() t.join() print('thread %s ended.' % threading.current_thread().name)

• ThreadLocal
  • 線程中共享所有的全局變量，需注意是否會死鎖
  • 局部只有當前線程可以進行操作，但調用會很麻煩
  • local = threading.local()

import threading# 創建全局ThreadLocal對象: local_school = threading.local()def process_student():# 獲取當前線程關聯的student:std = local_school.studentprint('Hello, %s (in %s)' % (std, threading.current_thread().name))def process_thread(name):# 綁定ThreadLocal的student:local_school.student = nameprocess_student()t1 = threading.Thread(target= process_thread, args=('Alice',), name='Thread-A') t2 = threading.Thread(target= process_thread, args=('Bob',), name='Thread-B') t1.start() t2.start() t1.join() t2.join()

第三方進程與線程模塊
涉及模塊：concurrent.futures

• ThreadPoolExecutor、ProcessPoolExecutor
  • submit
  • map
  • concurrent.futures.as_completed
• zip
  • 拼接
  • zip((1,2),(10,20)) ->((1,10),(2,20))

def sim_add(a):return a[0]+a[1]from concurrent.futures import ThreadPoolExecutor import concurrent.futureswith ThreadPoolExecutor(max_workers=1) as t1:future1 = t1.submit(sim_add,(1,2))print(future1.result())print() var = [(1,2),(10,20),(100,200)] with ThreadPoolExecutor(max_workers=2) as t:future = {t.submit(sim_add,tem): tem for tem in var}for parameter,res in zip(var,concurrent.futures.as_completed(future)):print("sim_add %s,return %s" % (parameter,res))# 多次submit，不接收結果但是又想全部執行完# concurrent.futures.wait() print() with ThreadPoolExecutor(max_workers=2) as t:for f in t.map(sim_add,[(1,2),(2,3)]):print(f)

轉載于:https://www.cnblogs.com/simfg/p/7531881.html

超強干貨來襲 云風專訪：近40年碼齡，通宵達旦的技術人生

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