python3精要(35)-wxPython(1)-简介与开源协议
wxPython是Python編程語言的跨平臺(tái)GUI工具包。它允許Python程序員簡(jiǎn)單易用地創(chuàng)建具有健壯、功能強(qiáng)大的圖形用戶界面的程序。它是作為一組Python擴(kuò)展模塊實(shí)現(xiàn)的,這些模塊包裝了流行的wxWidgets跨平臺(tái)庫(kù)的GUI組件,該庫(kù)是用c++編寫的。
與Python和wxWidgets一樣,wxPython是開源的,這意味著任何人都可以免費(fèi)使用它,任何人都可以查看和修改源代碼。任何人都可以為項(xiàng)目提供修復(fù)或增強(qiáng)。
wxPython是一個(gè)跨平臺(tái)的工具包。這意味著相同的程序可以在多個(gè)平臺(tái)上運(yùn)行而無需修改。目前支持的平臺(tái)是Microsoft Windows、Mac OS X和macOS,以及帶有GTK2或GTK3庫(kù)的Linux或其他類unix系統(tǒng)。在大多數(shù)情況下,每個(gè)平臺(tái)都使用本機(jī)小部件為應(yīng)用程序提供100%的本機(jī)外觀。
由于編程語言是Python,因此wxPython程序簡(jiǎn)單、易于編寫和易于理解。
許可協(xié)議如下
wxPython是在“wxWindows Library Licence”下獲得許可的。 wxWindows Library Licence本質(zhì)上是L-GPL(圖書館通用公共許可證),但有一個(gè)例外,即以二進(jìn)制形式發(fā)布的衍生作品可以根據(jù)用戶自己的條款發(fā)布。這個(gè)解決方案可以滿足那些希望使用wxWidgets生產(chǎn)GPL軟件的人,也可以滿足那些生產(chǎn)專有軟件的人。 wxWindows圖書館許可證已經(jīng)得到了開源組織的批準(zhǔn)。 在2005年8月,第2條中的一個(gè)歧義被刪除(用“你的”代替了“用戶的”),版本被修改到了3.1。 下面幾節(jié)給出了各種許可證文件的實(shí)際文本。一般情況下,您可以將“wxWidgets”替換為“wxPython”,以便將許可條款應(yīng)用于您對(duì)wxPython的使用。The licencing of the wxWidgets library is intended to protect the wxWidgets library, its developers, and its users, so that the considerable investment it represents is not abused.Under the terms of the original wxWidgets licences, you as a user are not obliged to distribute wxWidgets source code with your products, if you distribute these products in binary form. However, you are prevented from restricting use of the library in source code form, or denying others the rights to use or distribute wxWidgets library source code in the way intended.The wxWindows Library License establishes the copyright for the code and related material, and it gives you legal permission to copy, distribute and/or modify the library. It also asserts that no warranty is given by the authors for this or derived code.The core distribution of the wxWidgets library contains files under two different licences:* Most files are distributed under the GNU Library General Public License,version 2, with the special exception that you may create and distributeobject code versions built from the source code or modified versions of it(even if these modified versions include code under a different licence),and distribute such binaries under your own terms.* Most core wxWidgets manuals are made available under the "wxWindows FreeDocumentation License", which allows you to distribute modified versions ofthe manuals, such as versions documenting any modifications made by you inyour version of the library. However, you may not restrict any third partyfrom reincorporating your changes into the original manuals. wxWindows Library LicencewxWindows Library Licence, Version 3.1======================================Copyright (c) 1998-2005 Julian Smart, Robert Roebling et alEveryone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies of this licence document, but changing it is not allowed.WXWINDOWS LIBRARY LICENCETERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR COPYING, DISTRIBUTION AND MODIFICATIONThis library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU Library General Public Licence as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the Licence, or (at your option) any later version.This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU Library General Public Licence for more details.You should have received a copy of the GNU Library General Public Licence along with this software, usually in a file named COPYING.LIB. If not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.EXCEPTION NOTICE1. As a special exception, the copyright holders of this library give permission for additional uses of the text contained in this release of the library as licenced under the wxWindows Library Licence, applying either version 3.1 of the Licence, or (at your option) any later version of the Licence as published by the copyright holders of version 3.1 of the Licence document.2. The exception is that you may use, copy, link, modify and distribute under your own terms, binary object code versions of works based on the Library.3. If you copy code from files distributed under the terms of the GNU General Public Licence or the GNU Library General Public Licence into a copy of this library, as this licence permits, the exception does not apply to the code that you add in this way. To avoid misleading anyone as to the status of such modified files, you must delete this exception notice from such code and/or adjust the licensing conditions notice accordingly.4. If you write modifications of your own for this library, it is your choice whether to permit this exception to apply to your modifications. If you do not wish that, you must delete the exception notice from such code and/or adjust the licensing conditions notice accordingly.wxPython的Phoenix項(xiàng)目是一個(gè)全新的wxPython實(shí)現(xiàn),創(chuàng)建它的目的是使wxPython“比以前更好、更強(qiáng)、更快”。換句話說,這個(gè)新實(shí)現(xiàn)的重點(diǎn)是提高wxPython的速度、可維護(hù)性和可擴(kuò)展性,以及消除經(jīng)典wxPython在漫長(zhǎng)的生命周期中積累的大部分缺陷。
多年來,這個(gè)項(xiàng)目一直在斷斷續(xù)續(xù)地開發(fā),大部分都是在幕后進(jìn)行的。在過去的幾年里,那些敢于嘗試的人已經(jīng)可以使用自動(dòng)快照構(gòu)建了,許多人最終開始在他們的項(xiàng)目中使用快照,甚至在生產(chǎn)版本中。雖然外圍還有一些事情需要完成,但是包裝wxWidgets代碼的新wxPython擴(kuò)展模塊的核心已經(jīng)穩(wěn)定了很長(zhǎng)一段時(shí)間。
由于一些東西被清理、重組、簡(jiǎn)化和去黑化,鳳凰不能完全向后兼容wxPython Classic。這是有意為之的。但是,一般來說,API的差異往往很小,一些應(yīng)用程序可以使用Phoenix,只需稍加修改,甚至不需要修改。在其他一些情況下,在Classic中也可以找到正確的做事方式,但在Phoenix中卻只刪除了錯(cuò)誤的方式。
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