Mysql安裝環境簡介：

最近在做MHA。已經安裝完畢heartbeat和drbd，現在準備安裝Mysql。

Mysql安裝目錄：/opt/mysql

Mysql數據目錄：/data/mysql

備注：/data目錄實際是drbd需要同步到備節點的磁盤分區

[root@mysql1 src]# df -h

Filesystem?????Size? Used Avail Use% Mounted on

/dev/sda2??????9.5G? 2.0G? 7.1G?22% /

tmpfs??????????932M???? 0? 932M??0% /dev/shm

/dev/sda1??????190M?? 58M? 123M?32% /boot

/dev/drbd0?????? 19G?832M?? 17G?? 5% /data

一、Mysql免編譯安裝(大家可以直接復制在命令行執行或保存至shell腳本)

#1、解壓配置

yum install -y libaio-devel

cd /usr/local/src

[ ! -f mysql-5.5.49-linux2.6-x86_64.tar.gz] && \

wget http://mirrors.sohu.com/mysql/MySQL-5.5/mysql-5.5.49-linux2.6-x86_64.tar.gz

tar zxf mysql-5.5.49-linux2.6-x86_64.tar.gz

mkdir /opt/

mv?mysql-5.5.49-linux2.6-x86_64/opt/mysql-5.5.49

ln -s /opt/mysql-5.5.49 ?/opt/mysql

#2、創建用戶

if ! id mysql;then

useradd mysql -s /sbin/nologin -M

fi

#可以減寫：! id mysql && useradd mysql -s /sbin/nologin -M ####

#還有一種***子放屁的做法。

#groupadd mysql

#useradd -g mysql-M mysql

#用useradd mysql時就會創建mysql組，搞不懂為什么還先添加組

#3、初始化數據庫，單實例啟動

/opt/mysql/scripts/mysql_install_db --datadir=/data/mysql --basedir=/opt/mysql --user=mysql

cp /etc/my.cnf ?/etc/my.cnf.ori

grep -Ev "#|^$" /opt/mysql/support-files/my-innodb-heavy-4G.cnf? > /etc/my.cnf

cp /opt/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld

chkconfig mysqld on

#chmod +x /etc/init.d/mysqld (默認已有x權限)

#4、添加環境變量

echo "PATH=/opt/mysql/bin:$PATH" >> /etc/profile

. /etc/profile

#4、修改/etc/my.cnf或/etc/init.d/mysqld (暫時不修改，讓腳本啟動報錯)

basedir=/opt/mysql

datadir=/data/mysql

***************************************************************************************

1、安裝錯誤

[root@mysql1 src]#/opt/mysql/scripts/mysql_install_db --datadir=/data/mysql --basedir=/opt/mysql--user=mysql

Installing MySQL system tables...

/opt/mysql/bin/mysqld: errorwhile loading shared libraries: libaio.so.1: cannot open shared object file: Nosuch file or directory

解決：yum install -y libaio-devel

2、啟動報錯1：沒指定basedir和datadir

[root@mysql1 src]#service mysqld start

/etc/init.d/mysqld: line 256: my_print_defaults: command notfound

/etc/init.d/mysqld: line 276: cd: /usr/local/mysql: No suchfile or directory

Starting MySQL ERROR!Couldn't find MySQL server (/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe)

3、啟動報錯2

如果指定了basedir=/opt/mysql,但datadir=? 為空時，啟動會報錯。

[root@mysql1 src]#service mysqld restart

ERROR! MySQL server PID file could not befound!

Starting MySQL.ERROR! The server quit without updating PID file (/opt/mysql/data/mysql1.pid).

[root@mysql1 src]#vi /etc/init.d/mysqld

4、啟動報錯3

也是basedir和datadir都沒指定

[root@mysql1 src]#service mysqld restart

/etc/init.d/mysqld:line 256: my_print_defaults: command not found

/etc/init.d/mysqld:line 256: my_print_defaults: command not found

ERROR! MySQL server PID file could not befound!

/etc/init.d/mysqld:line 256: my_print_defaults: command not found

/etc/init.d/mysqld:line 276: cd: /usr/local/mysql: No such file or directory

Starting MySQLERROR! Couldn't find MySQL server (/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe)

***********************************************************************************

前幾天解決了生產環境的腳本報錯的問題，現把報錯原理分析總結下：

請看下面/etc/init.d/mysqld的啟動腳本加粗部分解釋。

# If you install MySQL on some other placesthan /usr/local/mysql, then you

# have to do one of the following things for thisscript to work:

#

# - Run thisscript from within the MySQL installation directory

# - Create a/etc/my.cnf file with the following information:

#? [mysqld]

#? basedir=

# - Add the aboveto any other configuration file (for example ~/.my.ini)

#?? and copy my_print_defaults to /usr/bin

# - Add the pathto the mysql-installation-directory to the basedir variable

#?? below.

#

# If you want toaffect other MySQL variables, you should make your changes

# in the/etc/my.cnf, ~/.my.cnf or other MySQL configuration files.

# If you changebase dir, you must also change datadir. These may get

# If you changebase dir, you must also change datadir. These may get

# overwritten bysettings in the MySQL configuration files.

basedir=

datadir=

# Default value,in seconds, afterwhich the script should timeout waiting

# for serverstart.

# Value here isoverriden by value in my.cnf.

# 0 means don'twait at all

# Negative numbersmean to wait indefinitely

service_startup_timeout=900

# Lock directoryfor RedHat / SuSE.

lockdir='/var/lock/subsys'

lock_file_path="$lockdir/mysql"

# The followingvariables are only set for letting mysql.server find things.

# Set somedefaults

mysqld_pid_file_path=

if test -z "$basedir"

then

basedir=/usr/local/mysql

bindir=/usr/local/mysql/bin

if test -z"$datadir"

then

datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data

fi

sbindir=/usr/local/mysql/bin

libexecdir=/usr/local/mysql/bin

else

bindir="$basedir/bin"

if test -z"$datadir"

else

bindir="$basedir/bin"

if test -z"$datadir"

then

datadir="$basedir/data"

fi

sbindir="$basedir/sbin"

libexecdir="$basedir/libexec"

fi

翻譯：

1、如果basedir沒有指定mysql安裝路徑，啟動腳本就會以/usr/local/mysql做為安裝路徑啟動。所以mysql沒有安裝在/usr/local下，啟動必失敗

2、如果basedir=/opt/mysql指定了mysql安裝路徑，并且mysql安裝的路徑是在/opt/mysql情況下。但datadir= 為空時，啟動腳本會將$basedir/data(即/opt/mysql/data)做為mysql的數據目錄。平時我們習慣將data目錄放在/data/mysql下。此時啟動會報錯：

Starting MySQL. ERROR! The server quit without updatingPID file (/opt/mysql/data/mysql1.pid).

3、總結：用/etc/init.d/mysql啟動時，最好在/etc/init.d/mysqld里設置basedir和datadir的值。或者在/etc/my.cnf 里[mysqld]下添加

[mysqld]

#port?????????? = 3306

socket????????? = /tmp/mysql.sock

basedir=/opt/mysql

datadir=/data/mysql

不知道有沒說明白。 建議大家再看看mysql啟動腳本的文件。

心得：最近mysql遇到不少問題，慶幸大部分出錯都能通過日志在百度上搜索出來。說明mysql使用的火熱程度及大家的分享精神

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