jupyter 的快捷鍵

?IPython -- An enhanced Interactive Python - Quick Reference Card ================================================================obj?, obj?? : Get help, or more help for object (also works as?obj, ??obj). ?foo.*abc* : List names in 'foo' containing 'abc' in them. %magic : Information about IPython's 'magic' % functions.Magic functions are prefixed by % or %%, and typically take their arguments without parentheses, quotes or even commas for convenience. Line magics take a single % and cell magics are prefixed with two %%.Example magic function calls:%alias d ls -F : 'd' is now an alias for 'ls -F' alias d ls -F : Works if 'alias' not a python name alist = %alias : Get list of aliases to 'alist' cd /usr/share : Obvious. cd -<tab> to choose from visited dirs. %cd?? : See help AND source for magic %cd %timeit x=10 : time the 'x=10' statement with high precision. %%timeit x=2**100 x**100 : time 'x**100' with a setup of 'x=2**100'; setup code is notcounted. This is an example of a cell magic.System commands:!cp a.txt b/ : System command escape, calls os.system() cp a.txt b/ : after %rehashx, most system commands work without ! cp ${f}.txt $bar : Variable expansion in magics and system commands files = !ls /usr : Capture sytem command output files.s, files.l, files.n: "a b c", ['a','b','c'], 'a\nb\nc'History:_i, _ii, _iii : Previous, next previous, next next previous input _i4, _ih[2:5] : Input history line 4, lines 2-4 exec _i81 : Execute input history line #81 again %rep 81 : Edit input history line #81 _, __, ___ : previous, next previous, next next previous output _dh : Directory history _oh : Output history %hist : Command history of current session. %hist -g foo : Search command history of (almost) all sessions for 'foo'. %hist -g : Command history of (almost) all sessions. %hist 1/2-8 : Command history containing lines 2-8 of session 1. %hist 1/ ~2/ : Command history of session 1 and 2 sessions before current. %hist ~8/1-~6/5 : Command history from line 1 of 8 sessions ago toline 5 of 6 sessions ago. %edit 0/ : Open editor to execute code with history of current session.Autocall:f 1,2 : f(1,2) # Off by default, enable with %autocall magic. /f 1,2 : f(1,2) (forced autoparen) ,f 1 2 : f("1","2") ;f 1 2 : f("1 2")Remember: TAB completion works in many contexts, not just file names or python names.The following magic functions are currently available:%alias:Define an alias for a system command. %alias_magic::: %autocall:Make functions callable without having to type parentheses. %automagic:Make magic functions callable without having to type the initial %. %autosave:Set the autosave interval in the notebook (in seconds). %bookmark:Manage IPython's bookmark system. %cat:Alias for `!cat` %cd:Change the current working directory. %clear:Clear the terminal. %colors:Switch color scheme for prompts, info system and exception handlers. %config:configure IPython %connect_info:Print information for connecting other clients to this kernel %cp:Alias for `!cp` %debug::: %dhist:Print your history of visited directories. %dirs:Return the current directory stack. %doctest_mode:Toggle doctest mode on and off. %ed:Alias for `%edit`. %edit:Bring up an editor and execute the resulting code. %env:Get, set, or list environment variables. %gui:Enable or disable IPython GUI event loop integration. %hist:Alias for `%history`. %history::: %killbgscripts:Kill all BG processes started by %%script and its family. %ldir:Alias for `!ls -F -o --color %l | grep /$` %less:Show a file through the pager. %lf:Alias for `!ls -F -o --color %l | grep ^-` %lk:Alias for `!ls -F -o --color %l | grep ^l` %ll:Alias for `!ls -F -o --color` %load:Load code into the current frontend. %load_ext:Load an IPython extension by its module name. %loadpy:Alias of `%load` %logoff:Temporarily stop logging. %logon:Restart logging. %logstart:Start logging anywhere in a session. %logstate:Print the status of the logging system. %logstop:Fully stop logging and close log file. %ls:Alias for `!ls -F --color` %lsmagic:List currently available magic functions. %lx:Alias for `!ls -F -o --color %l | grep ^-..x` %macro:Define a macro for future re-execution. It accepts ranges of history, %magic:Print information about the magic function system. %man:Find the man page for the given command and display in pager. %matplotlib::: %mkdir:Alias for `!mkdir` %more:Show a file through the pager. %mv:Alias for `!mv` %notebook::: %page:Pretty print the object and display it through a pager. %pastebin:Upload code to Github's Gist paste bin, returning the URL. %pdb:Control the automatic calling of the pdb interactive debugger. %pdef:Print the call signature for any callable object. %pdoc:Print the docstring for an object. %pfile:Print (or run through pager) the file where an object is defined. %pinfo:Provide detailed information about an object. %pinfo2:Provide extra detailed information about an object. %popd:Change to directory popped off the top of the stack. %pprint:Toggle pretty printing on/off. %precision:Set floating point precision for pretty printing. %profile:Print your currently active IPython profile. %prun:Run a statement through the python code profiler. %psearch:Search for object in namespaces by wildcard. %psource:Print (or run through pager) the source code for an object. %pushd:Place the current dir on stack and change directory. %pwd:Return the current working directory path. %pycat:Show a syntax-highlighted file through a pager. %pylab::: %qtconsole:Open a qtconsole connected to this kernel. %quickref:Show a quick reference sheet %recall:Repeat a command, or get command to input line for editing. %rehashx:Update the alias table with all executable files in $PATH. %reload_ext:Reload an IPython extension by its module name. %rep:Alias for `%recall`. %rerun:Re-run previous input %reset:Resets the namespace by removing all names defined by the user, if %reset_selective:Resets the namespace by removing names defined by the user. %rm:Alias for `!rm` %rmdir:Alias for `!rmdir` %run:Run the named file inside IPython as a program. %save:Save a set of lines or a macro to a given filename. %sc:Shell capture - run shell command and capture output (DEPRECATED use !). %set_env:Set environment variables. Assumptions are that either "val" is a %store:Lightweight persistence for python variables. %sx:Shell execute - run shell command and capture output (!! is short-hand). %system:Shell execute - run shell command and capture output (!! is short-hand). %tb:Print the last traceback with the currently active exception mode. %time:Time execution of a Python statement or expression. %timeit:Time execution of a Python statement or expression %unalias:Remove an alias %unload_ext:Unload an IPython extension by its module name. %who:Print all interactive variables, with some minimal formatting. %who_ls:Return a sorted list of all interactive variables. %whos:Like %who, but gives some extra information about each variable. %xdel:Delete a variable, trying to clear it from anywhere that %xmode:Switch modes for the exception handlers. %%!:Shell execute - run shell command and capture output (!! is short-hand). %%HTML:Alias for `%%html`. %%SVG:Alias for `%%svg`. %%bash:%%bash script magic %%capture::: %%debug::: %%file:Alias for `%%writefile`. %%html:Render the cell as a block of HTML %%javascript:Run the cell block of Javascript code %%js:Run the cell block of Javascript code %%latex:Render the cell as a block of latex %%perl:%%perl script magic %%prun:Run a statement through the python code profiler. %%pypy:%%pypy script magic %%python:%%python script magic %%python2:%%python2 script magic %%python3:%%python3 script magic %%ruby:%%ruby script magic %%script::: %%sh:%%sh script magic %%svg:Render the cell as an SVG literal %%sx:Shell execute - run shell command and capture output (!! is short-hand). %%system:Shell execute - run shell command and capture output (!! is short-hand). %%time:Time execution of a Python statement or expression. %%timeit:Time execution of a Python statement or expression %%writefile:::

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