Intel Realsense d435 使用python對深度圖進行預(yù)處理

本文中主要翻譯一下一篇關(guān)于深度圖預(yù)處理過濾器的內(nèi)容，后面還會有關(guān)于距離測量的。
原文中的圖像顯示，是使用matplotlib.pyplot工具，在本文中，使用opencv來顯示深度圖》
首先常規(guī)操作導(dǎo)入包：

import cv2 import numpy as np import pyrealsense2 as rs

獲取我們所需要的圖像，通過攝像頭或者本地都可以

pipe = rs.pipeline() cfg = rs.config() cfg.enable_stream(rs.stream.depth,640,480,rs.format.z16,30) cfg.enable_stream(rs.stream.color,640,480,rs.format.bgr8,30) profile = pipe.start(cfg)try:while True:frame = pipe.wait_for_frames()depth_frame = frame.get_depth_frame()print('capture success')if cv2.waitKey(10)&0xff == ord('q'):breakfinally:pipe.stop()

獲取成功，在終端打印信息

一、深度圖像的可視化

使用pyrealsense2庫中提供的colorizer來將圖像中的深度值轉(zhuǎn)為可以顯示的形式：

colorizer = rs.colorizer() colorizer_depth = np.asanyarray(colorizer.colorize(depth_frame).get_data()) cv2.imshow('colorizer depth',colorizer_depth)

二、應(yīng)用過濾器

（1）抽取（Decimation）

When using Depth-from-Stereo solution, z-accuracy is related to original spacial resolution.
If you are satisfied with lower spatial resolution, the Decimation Filter will reduce spatial resolution preserving z-accuracy and performing some rudamentary hole-filling.
這段話的意思就是類似與圖像處理中的降采樣，圖像的分辨率會降低（640x480----->320x240）,但會講一些黑色的空洞進行填充。

#二、抽取Decimationcolorizer = rs.colorizer()decimation = rs.decimation_filter()decimationed_depth = decimation.process(depth_frame)colorized_depth = np.asanyarray(colorizer.colorize(decimationed_depth).get_data())cv2.imshow('decimationed depth',colorized_depth)#可以設(shè)置參數(shù)類似于迭代次數(shù)decimation.set_option(rs.option.filter_magnitude,4)decimationed_depth = decimation.process(depth_frame)colorized_depth = np.asanyarray(colorizer.colorize(decimationed_depth).get_data())cv2.imshow('decimationed4 depth',colorized_depth)

（2）空間過濾器（Spatial Filter）

空間濾波器的論文：
Domain Transform for Edge-Aware Image and Video Processing

#三、空間濾波器（spatial filter）colorizer = rs.colorizer()spatial = rs.spatial_filter()filtered_depth = spatial.process(depth_frame)colorized_depth = np.asanyarray(colorizer.colorize(filtered_depth).get_data())cv2.imshow('filtered depth',colorized_depth)# 可以設(shè)置相關(guān)的參數(shù)spatial.set_option(rs.option.filter_magnitude,5)spatial.set_option(rs.option.filter_smooth_alpha,1)spatial.set_option(rs.option.filter_smooth_delta,50)filtered_depth = spatial.process(depth_frame)colorized_depth = np.asanyarray(colorizer.colorize(filtered_depth).get_data())cv2.imshow('filtered1 depth',colorized_depth)

同時，spatial也提供了一個基本的空洞填充操作：

spatial.set_option(rs.option.holes_fill,3)filtered_depth = spatial.process(depth_frame)colorized_depth = np.asanyarray(colorizer.colorize(filtered_depth).get_data())cv2.imshow('fill hole',colorized_depth)

（3）時間過濾器（Temporal Filter）

Our implementation of Temporal Filter does basic temporal smoothing and hole-filling. It is meaningless when applied to a single frame, so let’s capture several consecutive frames:
我們對“時間過濾器”的實現(xiàn)實現(xiàn)了基本的時間平滑和孔填充。 當應(yīng)用于單個幀時它是沒有意義的，因此讓我們捕獲幾個連續(xù)的幀：

#四、時間濾波器（Temporal Filter）colorizer = rs.colorizer()frames.append(depth_frame)i += 1if i == 10:i = 0temporal = rs.temporal_filter()print(len(frames))for x in range(10):temp_filtered = temporal.process(frames[x])frames = []colorized_depth = np.asanyarray(colorizer.colorize(temp_filtered).get_data())cv2.imshow('temporal depth',colorized_depth)

（4）孔填充（Hole Filling）

Hole Filling filter offers additional layer of depth exterpolation:
孔填充過濾器提供了深度外推的附加層：

#五、孔填充（Hole Filling）colorizer = rs.colorizer()hole_filling = rs.hole_filling_filter()filled_depth = hole_filling.process(depth_frame)colorized_depth = np.asanyarray(colorizer.colorize(filled_depth).get_data())cv2.imshow('filled depth',colorized_depth)

（5）放在一起（Putting Everything Together）

These filters work best when applied sequentially one after another. At longer range, it also helps using disparity_transform to switch from depth representation to disparity form:
依次順序應(yīng)用這些過濾器時，效果最佳。 在更大范圍內(nèi)，它還有助于使用disparity_transform從深度表示轉(zhuǎn)換為視差形式：

#六、復(fù)合多個濾波器colorizer = rs.colorizer() depth_to_disparity = rs.disparity_transform(True)disparity_to_depth = rs.disparity_transform(False)decimation = rs.decimation_filter()spatial = rs.spatial_filter()temporal = rs.temporal_filter()hole_filling = rs.hole_filling_filter()frames.append(depth_frame)i += 1if i == 10:i = 0for x in range(10):frame = frames[x]frame = decimation.process(frame)frame = depth_to_disparity.process(frame)frame = spatial.process(frame)frame = temporal.process(frame)frame = disparity_to_depth.process(frame)frame = hole_filling.process(frame)frames = []colorized_depth = np.asanyarray(colorizer.colorize(frame).get_data())cv2.imshow('more depth filter',colorized_depth)

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