3.7 新版功能.

這個模塊使得Python的導入系統提供了訪問*包*內的*資源*的功能。如果能夠導入一個包，那么就能夠訪問那個包里面的資源。資源可以以二進制或文本模式方式被打開或讀取。

資源非常類似于目錄內部的文件，要牢記的是這僅僅是一個比喻。資源和包不是與文件系統上的物理文件和目錄一樣存在著。

注解

This module provides functionality similar to pkg_resources Basic

Resource Access

without the performance overhead of that package. This makes reading

resources included in packages easier, with more stable and consistent

semantics.

加載器想要支持資源讀取應該實現一個由 importlib.abc.ResourceReader 指定的``get_resource_reader(fullname)`` 方法。

The following types are defined.

importlib.resources.Package?

The Package type is defined as Union[str, ModuleType]. This means

that where the function describes accepting a Package, you can pass in

either a string or a module. Module objects must have a resolvable

__spec__.submodule_search_locations that is not None.

importlib.resources.Resource?

This type describes the resource names passed into the various functions

in this package. This is defined as Union[str, os.PathLike].

The following functions are available.

importlib.resources.files(package)?

Returns an importlib.resources.abc.Traversable object

representing the resource container for the package (think directory)

and its resources (think files). A Traversable may contain other

containers (think subdirectories).

package is either a name or a module object which conforms to the

Package requirements.

3.9 新版功能.

importlib.resources.open_binary(package, resource)?

Open for binary reading the resource within package.

package is either a name or a module object which conforms to the

Package requirements. resource is the name of the resource to open

within package; it may not contain path separators and it may not have

sub-resources (i.e. it cannot be a directory). This function returns a

typing.BinaryIO instance, a binary I/O stream open for reading.

importlib.resources.open_text(package, resource, encoding='utf-8', errors='strict')?

Open for text reading the resource within package. By default, the

resource is opened for reading as UTF-8.

package is either a name or a module object which conforms to the

Package requirements. resource is the name of the resource to open

within package; it may not contain path separators and it may not have

sub-resources (i.e. it cannot be a directory). encoding and errors

have the same meaning as with built-in open().

This function returns a typing.TextIO instance, a text I/O stream open

for reading.

importlib.resources.read_binary(package, resource)?

Read and return the contents of the resource within package as

bytes.

package is either a name or a module object which conforms to the

Package requirements. resource is the name of the resource to open

within package; it may not contain path separators and it may not have

sub-resources (i.e. it cannot be a directory). This function returns the

contents of the resource as bytes.

importlib.resources.read_text(package, resource, encoding='utf-8', errors='strict')?

Read and return the contents of resource within package as a str.

By default, the contents are read as strict UTF-8.

package is either a name or a module object which conforms to the

Package requirements. resource is the name of the resource to open

within package; it may not contain path separators and it may not have

sub-resources (i.e. it cannot be a directory). encoding and errors

have the same meaning as with built-in open(). This function

returns the contents of the resource as str.

importlib.resources.path(package, resource)?

Return the path to the resource as an actual file system path. This

function returns a context manager for use in a with statement.

The context manager provides a pathlib.Path object.

Exiting the context manager cleans up any temporary file created when the

resource needs to be extracted from e.g. a zip file.

package is either a name or a module object which conforms to the

Package requirements. resource is the name of the resource to open

within package; it may not contain path separators and it may not have

sub-resources (i.e. it cannot be a directory).

importlib.resources.is_resource(package, name)?

Return True if there is a resource named name in the package,

otherwise False. Remember that directories are not resources!

package is either a name or a module object which conforms to the

Package requirements.

importlib.resources.contents(package)?

Return an iterable over the named items within the package. The iterable

returns str resources (e.g. files) and non-resources

(e.g. directories). The iterable does not recurse into subdirectories.

package is either a name or a module object which conforms to the

Package requirements.

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